“North Carolina Growers Association”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The North Carolina Growers Association (NCGA) is a -profit growers' cooperative based in the United States state of North Carolina that helps farmers in the state get native born US Citizens work as temporary agricultural laborers.^[1]

History

NCGA was started by Stan Eury in 1989 in response to the formal creation of the H-2A guest worker program in 1986 and the difficulties farmers faced effectively utilizing the program and ensuring that they were in compliance.^[1] In 2004, the NCGA signed its first union contract covering 8,500 guest workers from Mexico.^[2]

Reception and controversy

Reception as a stakeholder in liberalizing agricultural guest worker programs

The NCGA has often been quoted in news media articles on the claimed need for foreign temporary agricultural labor in the United States, and the importance of expanding the H-2A visa, with farm worker unions such as United Farm Workers cited for counterpoint.^[3]^[4]^[5] The H-2A program, and the way the NCGA uses it, have also been critiqued in publications such as Mother Jones.^[6]

Economist Michael Clemens at the Center for Global Development cited data from the NCGA, and also spoke with the association, while doing research on the H-2A visa for a policy paper. In a blog post, Clemens cited NCGA numbers: 250 Americans applied for the 7000 agricultural job openings of the NCGA, of whom 70 showed up for work and five completed the season.^[7] Clemens' paper was released by the Partnership for a New American Economy^[8] and blogged about by Michael Bloomberg^[9] and separately by Dylan Matthews for the Washington Post.^[10] The study was critiqued by North Carolina Policy Watch, that claimed that the reason the NCGA failed to hire Americans was because the state agencies they went through were apathetic to the process, rather than due to a genuine shortage of American workers.^[11]

Clashes with labor unions and migrant rights groups

The NCGA has had an acrimonious relationships with labor unions^[12] as well as some migrant rights and worker rights organizations, including Human Rights Watch and Legal Services Corporation.^[13]^[14]

Media coverage

NCGA has been covered in the New York Times,^[2]^[13] Wall Street Journal,^[3]^[14] Forbes,^[4] and Time Magazine.^[5]

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://ncgrowers.org/about/|title = About|publisher = North Carolina Growers Association|accessdate = February 12, 2015}}
2. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/17/national/17labor.html?_r=0|title = Growers' Group Signs the First Union Contract for Guest Workers|last = Greenhouse|first = Steven|date = September 17, 2004|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = New York Times}}
3. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324432004578304701711529248|title = Tight Market for Farmhands: Growers Press for Immigration Bill to Ensure a Steady Flow of Migrant Workers|last = Jordan|first = Miriam|last2 = Peters|first2 = Mark|date = February 19, 2013|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = Wall Street Journal}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/07/13/obama-labor-bush-business-washington-farm.html|title = Obama Era No Slam Dunk For Labor|date = July 13, 2009|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = Forbes|last = Wingfield|first = Brian}}
5. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1625191,00.html|title = Can a Guest Worker Program Work? The new immigration bill aims to revamp the guest worker program. A look at North Carolina shows what needs fixing|author = Nathan Thornburgh/Vass|date = May 24, 2007|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = Time Magazine}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2001/01/silence-fields|title = Silence in the Fields. The U.S. government is allowing farmers to fill thousands of jobs with foreign 'guestworkers.' The conditions are hardly hospitable -- but those who speak out can be sent straight back home.|last = Yeoman|first = Barry|date = January–February 2001|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = Mother Jones}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cgdev.org/blog/do-farm-workers-developing-countries-take-jobs-americans|title = Do Farm Workers from Developing Countries Take Jobs from Americans?|last = Clemens|first = Michael|authorlink = Michael Clemens|date = February 28, 2012|accessdate = February 12, 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.renewoureconomy.org/sites/all/themes/pnae/nc-agr-report-05-2013.pdf|title = INTERNATIONAL HARVEST: A Case Study of How Foreign Workers Help American Farms Grow Crops – and the Economy|last = Clemens|first = Michael|authorlink = Michael Clemens|date = May 15, 2013|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = Partnership for a New American Economy and Center for Global Development}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mikebloomberg.com/index.cfm?objectid=AA0D6AF8-C29C-7CA2-FD8B6D602550A74D|title = U.S. Agriculture Industry Depends on Foreign Agriculture Workers|last = Bloomberg|first = Michael|date = May 15, 2013|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = MileBloomberg.com}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/05/15/north-carolina-needed-6500-farm-workers-only-7-americans-stuck-it-out/|title = North Carolina needed 6,500 farm workers. Only 7 Americans stuck it out.|date = May 15, 2013|accessdate = February 12, 2015|last = Matthews|first = Dylan|publisher = Washington Post|authorlink = Dylan Matthews}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ncpolicywatch.com/2013/06/03/flawed-study-seeks-to-justify-discrimination-against-u-s-workers/|title = Flawed study seeks to justify discrimination against U.S. workers|date = June 3, 2013|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = NC Policy Watch}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jacobfischler/watch-a-farm-representative-punch-a-union-organizer-right-in#.haQ4KlGRw4|title = Watch A Farm Representative Punch A Union Organizer Right In The Face|last = Fischler|first = Jacob|date = July 18, 2014|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = BuzzFeed}}
13. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/26/us/farm-union-takes-aim-at-a-big-pickle-maker.html|title = Farm Union Takes Aim At a Big Pickle Maker|last = Sengupta|first = Somini|date = October 26, 2000|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = New York Times}}
14. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB903735187126764000|title = Taxpayers Shouldn't Fund Migrant Legal Labor|last = Brooks|first = Jason|date = August 24, 1998|accessdate = February 12, 2015|publisher = Wall Street Journal}}