| 词条 | Sremski Karlovci | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| native_name = Сремски Карловци | native_name_lang = sr | official_name = Sremski Karlovci | other_name = | settlement_type = Town and municipality | image_shield = COA Sremski Karlovci.png | image_flag = | image_skyline = Sremski_Karlovci.JPG | image_caption = Sremski Karlovci panoramic view | image_map = Municipalities of Serbia Sremski Karlovci.png | map_caption = Location of the municipality of Sremski Karlovci within Serbia | mapsize = | coordinates = {{coord|45|12|N|19|56|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Serbia}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Vojvodina | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = South Bačka | parts_type = Settlements | parts_style = para | p1 = 1 | leader_party = SNS | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Nenad Milenković | area_blank1_title = Municipality | area_blank1_km2 = 51 | area_footnotes = [1] | elevation_m = 87 | population_footnotes = [2] | population_as_of = 2011 census | population_blank1_title = Town | population_blank1 = 8,750 | population_blank2_title = Municipality | population_blank2 = 8,750 | population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 21205 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = +381(0)21 | blank_name = Car plates | blank_info = NS | website = {{url|http://sremskikarlovci.rs/}} }} Sremski Karlovci ({{lang-sr-cyr|Сремски Карловци}}, {{IPA-sh|srêːmskiː kâːrloːʋt͡si|pron}}, {{lang-hr|Srijemski Karlovci}}) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated on the bank of the river Danube, {{convert|8|km|0|abbr=off}} from Novi Sad. According to the 2011 census results, it has a population of 8,750 inhabitants. The town has traditionally been known as the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Habsburg Monarchy, as well as political and cultural capital of Serbian Vojvodina after the May Assembly and during the Revolution in 1848. NameIn Serbian, the town is known as Sremski Karlovci (Сремски Карловци), in Croatian as Srijemski Karlovci, in German as Karlowitz or Carlowitz, in Hungarian as Karlóca, in Polish as Karłowice, in Romanian as Carloviț and in Turkish as Karlofça. The former Serbian name used for the town was Karlovci (Карловци) which is also used today, albeit unofficially. GeographyThe town is situated in the geographical region of Syrmia. The town of Sremski Karlovci is the only settlement in the municipality. HistoryAncient, medieval and early modern historyIn ancient times, a small Roman fortress existed at this location. The town was first mentioned in historical documents in 1308 with the name Karom. The fortress of Karom was built on the ruins of the ancient Roman one. Until 1521, the Karom was a possession of the Hungarian noble families, of which the most well known were Báthory and Morović. Turkish military commander Bali-beg conquered Karom in 1521, and in the next 170 years, the town was part of the Ottoman Empire. The Slavic name for the town - Karlovci, was first recorded in 1532/33. During the Ottoman rule, the town was mostly populated by Serbs, with the smaller part of population composed of Muslims. According to the Ottoman defterler from 1545,{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} the population of Karlovci numbered 547 Christian (Serb) houses. The city also had three Orthodox churches and a monastery. From 1557, it belonged to Eparchy of Belgrade and Srem of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć. Habsburg MonarchyBetween 16 November 1698 and 26 January 1699, the town of Karlovci was the site of a congress that ended the hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League, a coalition of various European powers including Habsburg Monarchy, Poland, Venice and Russia; the congress produced the Treaty of Karlowitz. It was the first time a round table was used in international politics. After this peace treaty, the town was part of the Habsburg Monarchy and was included into the Military Frontier. According to the 1702 data, the population of the town was composed of 215 Orthodox and 13 Catholic houses, while according to the 1753 data, the population of the town numbered 3,843 people, of which 3,110 were ethnic Serbs. The town was also the spiritual, political and cultural center of the Serbs in the Habsburg Monarchy. The Metropolitan of the Serbian Orthodox Church resided in the town. Even now, the Serbian Patriarch retains the title of Metropolitan of Karlovci. The town also featured the earliest Serb (and Slavic in general) gymnasium (Serbian: gimnazija/{{lang|sr-Cyrl|гимназија}}, French: lycée) founded on 3 August 1791. Three years after this, an Orthodox seminary was also founded in the town: it was the second oldest Orthodox seminary in the world (after the Spiritual Academy in Kiev), and it is still in existence. At the Serb National Assembly in Karlovci in May 1848, Serbs declared the unification of the regions of Srem, Banat, Bačka, and Baranja (including parts of the Military Frontier) into the province of Serbian Vojvodina. The first capital of Serbian Vojvodina was in Karlovci, until it was latter moved to Zemun, Veliki Bečkerek, and Temišvar. At the same time the title of the Orthodox Metropolitan of Karlovci was raised to that of Patriarch, which thus established an Orthodox Patriarchate of Karlovci that existed until 1920 when it was joined with the Metropolitanate of Belgrade to form the united Serbian Orthodox Church. When Serbian Vojvodina was in 1849 transformed into the new province named Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, town of Karlovci was not included into this province, but was returned under the administration of the Military Frontier (Petrovaradin regiment that was part of Slavonian Krajina). With the abolishment of the Military Frontier in 1881, the town was included into Syrmia County of Croatia-Slavonia, the autonomous kingdom within Kingdom of Hungary and Austria-Hungary. Yugoslavia (1918–92)In 1918, the town became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In the summer of 1921, the town′s former palace of the Patriarch of Karlovci became home to Russian metropolitan Antony (Khrapovitsky), who organised what a few years later was instituted as the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. (Critics labeled this ecclesiastical body Karlovatsky Synod ({{lang-ru|Карловацкий синод}}), or ″Karlovatsky group″, also known in English as Synod of Karlovci[3].) In 1922, the town also became the headquarters of Russian White émigrés under the leadership of General Wrangel, where in 1924 he set up the Russian All-Military Union designed to embrace all Russian military émigrés the world over[4] (a monument to Gen Wrangel, sculpted by Vasiliy Azemsha, was unveiled in September 2007[5]). Between 1929 and 1941, the town was part of Danube Banovina, a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War 2 (1941–1944), the town was occupied by the Axis Powers and it was attached to the Independent State of Croatia. During that time its name was changed to Hrvatski Karlovci. Since the end of the war, the town has been part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Between 1980 and 1989, Sremski Karlovci was one of the seven municipalities of the city of Novi Sad. Demographics{{Historical populations| type = |1948|5350 |1953|5618 |1961|6390 |1971|7040 |1981|7547 |1991|7534 |2002|8839 |2011|8750 | source = [6] }} According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Sremski Karlovci has 8,750 inhabitants. Ethnic groupsEthnic composition of the municipality of Sremski Karlovci:[7]
EconomyThe following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):[8]
Politics{{unsourced|section|date=April 2018}}Until 1989 Sremski Karlovci formed one of the urban municipalities of the city of Novi Sad. After Novi Sad merged six of its municipalities into one Novi Sad municipality, the municipality of Sremski Karlovci held a referendum to separate from Novi Sad, and established a separate municipality independent from Novi Sad. Although Sremski Karlovci lies in Syrmia region, the municipality belongs in South Bačka District, and not in the Syrmia District, because of its close proximity to Novi Sad. In the Serbian local elections held on 24 April 2016, Sremski Karlovci elected a new municipality parliament, ending the rule of the DS in the town. Nenad Milenković, of the Serbian progressive Party, was elected as the new mayor of the municipal parliament. Schools
Buildings and structures
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Serbia}}Twin towns – Sister citiesSremski Karlovci is twinned with:
GallerySee also
Literature
References1. ^{{Serbian municipalities 2006}} 2. ^{{Serbian census 2011}} 3. ^[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Synod-of-Karlovci Synod of Karlovci] Britannica 4. ^[https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/wrangel_petr_nikolaevich_baron Wrangel, Petr Nikolaevich, Baron] 5. ^Споменик белом барону Politika, 13 September 2007. 6. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=16 January 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Republički zavod za statistiku|accessdate=16 January 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2018.|url=http://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2018/Pdf/G201813045.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=17 March 2019|language=Serbian}} 9. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=4#tabs3| title = National Commission for Decentralised cooperation| accessdate = 2013-12-26| work = Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères)| language = French| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://archive.is/20131127063207/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=4#tabs3| archivedate = 2013-11-27| df = }} External links{{Commons category|Sremski Karlovci}}{{Wikivoyage}}
7 : Sremski Karlovci|Populated places in South Bačka District|Populated places in Syrmia|Municipalities and cities of Vojvodina|Populated places on the Danube|Spatial Cultural-Historical Units of Exceptional Importance|Towns in Serbia |
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