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词条 Notorious markets
释义

  1. History

  2. Reports

  3. Current notorious markets

  4. Closed markets

  5. Reformed markets

  6. See also

  7. References

{{update|date=February 2019}}

Notorious markets is a term used in the United States to describe websites and physical markets where large-scale intellectual property infringement takes place.

History

Since 2006,[1] the members of the International Intellectual Property Alliance in conjunction with the Office of the United States Trade Representative has annually filed a list of Notorious Markets[2] as a part of their Special 301 Report to the U.S. federal government. It lists virtual markets (websites) and physical markets outside of the US where large scale copyright infringement takes place and recommends trade sanctions for countries with weak copyright protection enforcement. Since 2010 the list is separately issued as a part of an out-of-cycle review between the main report submissions.[3]

Whilst the list of markets does not directly form national trade policy:

{{quote|The United States encourages the responsible authorities to step up efforts to combat piracy and counterfeiting in these and similar markets|sign=Notorious Markets Report[4]}}

Reports

MPAA submission RIAA submission Report
Special 301 2006[4]
Special 301 2007[5]
Special 301 2008[6]
Special 301 April 2009[7]
Special 301 April 2010[8]
November 2010[9]November 2010[10]Out-of-Cycle Review February 2011[11]
October 2011[12]Out-of-Cycle Review December 2011[13]
September 2012[14] August 2012[15]Out-of-Cycle Review December 2012[16]
October 2013[17]September 2013[18]Out-of-Cycle Review February 2014[19]
October 2014[20]October 2014[21]Out-of-Cycle Review March 2015[22]

Current notorious markets

  • Cuevana
  • Demonoid
  • EX.UA
  • IsoHunt
  • Luohu Commercial City
  • Movie4k.to
  • OpenBitTorrent
  • Silk Street
  • SlySoft
  • T411
  • Taobao Marketplace – Owned by Alibaba spent $461,000 in 2012 lobbying the U.S. government for its removal prior to its IPO. It was added back in 2016.[23]
  • The Pirate Bay
  • Torrentz
  • Tucows{{cn|date=August 2016}} – Registrar
  • VKontakte

Closed markets

  • AllOfMP3 - Closed in 2007.
  • BTJunkie - Closed in 2012.
  • Gougou.com[24]
  • KickassTorrents - Seized in 2016.
  • Megaupload - Domain and servers seized in 2012. Ongoing legal action. Relaunched as Mega.

Reformed markets

  • Baidu - Settled a lawsuit with various music rights holders in order to be removed from the list.[25]
  • PaiPai.com - "Had taken various measures to address complaints about its role in facilitating the distribution of pirated and counterfeit goods."[26]
  • Pulga Rio Market[27]
  • RapidShare - Reforms in take down procedures by in 2011 resulted them in them being removed from the list.[28] Ceased operations in 2015.
  • Sogou - "Made notable efforts to work with rights holders to address the availability of infringing content on its site."[29]
  • Xunlei[30]

See also

  • Axis of evil
  • Special 301 Report
  • Category:Notorious markets

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=USTR Announces Results of Special 301 Review of Notorious Markets|url=http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2011/december/ustr-announces-results-special-301-review-notorio|accessdate=2 December 2014}}
2. ^{{cite news|last1=Ernesto|title=MPAA Reports The Pirate Bay to The U.S. Government|url=http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-reports-top-pirate-sites-u-s-government-141027/|accessdate=2 December 2014|date=October 27, 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=2014 Special 301 Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets: Request for Public Comments|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/09/26/2014-22904/2014-special-301-out-of-cycle-review-of-notorious-markets-request-for-public-comments|accessdate=13 December 2014}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|title=SECTION III. NOTORIOUS MARKETS|url=https://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Notorious%20Markets.pdf|accessdate=2 December 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=2007 SPECIAL 301 REPORT|url=http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/asset_upload_file230_11122.pdf}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=2008 SPECIAL 301 REPORT|url=http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/asset_upload_file553_14869.pdf}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=2009 Special 301 Report|url=http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Full%20Version%20of%20the%202009%20SPECIAL%20301%20REPORT.pdf}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=2010 Special 301 Report|url=http://www.ustr.gov/webfm_send/1906}}
9. ^{{cite news|last1=enigmax|url=https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-lists-major-torrent-usenet-and-hosting-sites-in-submission-to-u-s-government-101107/|title=MPAA Lists Major Torrent, Usenet and Hosting Sites In Submission To U.S. Government|accessdate=2 December 2014|date=November 7, 2010}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=RIAA Reports Torrent Sites, RapidShare and RLSLOG to US Government|url=https://torrentfreak.com/riaa-reports-torrent-sites-rapidshare-and-rlslog-to-us-government-101111/|accessdate=13 December 2014|date=November 11, 2010}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Out - of - Cycle Review of Notorious Markets|url=http://www.ustr.gov/webfm_send/2595|accessdate=2 December 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307014506/https://ustr.gov/webfm_send/2595|archivedate=7 March 2016|df=}}
12. ^{{cite news|last1=Ernesto|title=MPAA Lists "Notorious" Pirate Sites To U.S. Government|url=http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-lists-notorious-pirate-sites-to-u-s-government-111028/|accessdate=2 December 2014|date=October 28, 2011}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets|url=http://www.ustr.gov/webfm_send/3215}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=115644694 NOT Motion Picture Association of America Final|url=https://archive.org/stream/529366-115644694-not-motion-picture-association-of/529366-115644694-not-motion-picture-association-of_djvu.txt|accessdate=13 December 2014}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=RIAA: BitTorrent Sites and Cyberlockers Should Filter Proactively|url=https://torrentfreak.com/riaa-bittorrent-sites-and-cyberlockers-should-filter-proactively-121114/|accessdate=13 December 2014|date=November 14, 2012}}
16. ^{{cite web|last1=F|first1=Sean|title=US Official 'Notorious Markets' Piracy List Updated|url=http://www.digital-digest.com/news-63555-US-Official-Notorious-Markets-Piracy-List-Updated.html|accessdate=2 December 2014}}
17. ^{{cite news|last1=Ernesto|title=MPAA Reports Notorious Pirate Sites to U.S. Government|url=http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-reports-notorious-pirate-sites-to-u-s-government-131026/|date=October 26, 2013}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=RIAA Written Submission Re: 2013 Special 301 Out-of-Cycle Review of NotoriousMarkets: Request for Public Comments|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/180164717/Notorious-Markets-Report-2013-10-25-13-1-pdf|accessdate=13 December 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Notorious Markets List Focuses Fight Against Global Piracy and Counterfeiting of American Products|url=http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2014/February/Notorious-markets-list-focuses-fight-against-global-piracy-and-counterfeiting|accessdate=2 December 2014}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=MPAA Reports The Pirate Bay to The U.S. Government|url=http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-reports-top-pirate-sites-u-s-government-141027/|accessdate=13 December 2014}}
21. ^{{cite news|last1=Ernesto|title=RIAA: The Pirate Bay Assaults Fundamental Human Rights|url=https://torrentfreak.com/riaa-pirate-bay-attacks-fundamental-human-rights-141028/|accessdate=13 December 2014|date=October 28, 2014}}
22. ^{{cite news|last1=Andy|title=U.S. Government Lists Top Torrent Sites as Piracy Havens|url=http://torrentfreak.com/u-s-government-lists-top-torrent-sites-as-piracy-havens-150306/|accessdate=6 March 2015|date=March 6, 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=U.S. Returns China’s Taobao Shopping Website to Market Blacklist|url=http://fortune.com/2016/12/21/u-s-returns-chinas-taobao-shopping-website-to-market-blacklist/|website=Fortune|accessdate=22 December 2016}}
24. ^{{cite news|title=China's Gougou.com 'pirate search engine' shuts down|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20888465|accessdate=13 December 2014}}
25. ^{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Eric|title=Baidu Removed From U.S. ‘Notorious Markets’ Piracy List After Music Pact|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-20/china-s-baidu-dropped-from-u-s-notorious-markets-piracy-list.html|accessdate=2 December 2014|date=20 December 2011}}
26. ^{{cite news|last1=JING|first1=MENG|title=Paipai.com removed from US fake goods blacklist|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-02/13/content_17282002.htm|accessdate=12 January 2015|date=13 February 2014}}
27. ^{{cite news|last1=Hoda|first1=Kevin|title=La Salada is the capital market for counterfeits in South America|url=http://blog.stigmasearch.com/la-salada-capital-market-counterfeits-south-america/|accessdate=12 January 2015|date=March 2, 2014}}
28. ^{{cite news|last1=enigmax|title=RapidShare: From "Notorious Market" To Proactive Piracy Eliminator|url=https://torrentfreak.com/rapidshare-from-notorious-market-to-proactive-piracy-eliminator-120208/|accessdate=2 December 2014|date=February 8, 2012}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=USTR Announces Results of Special 301 Review of Notorious Markets|url=http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2012/december/ustr-announces-results-special-301}}
30. ^{{cite news|last1=Andy|title=U.S. Government Lists Top Torrent Sites as Piracy Havens|url=https://torrentfreak.com/u-s-government-lists-top-torrent-sites-as-piracy-havens-150306/|accessdate=8 August 2015|date=6 March 2015}}

3 : Notorious markets|Computer law|Intellectual property law
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