| 词条 | November 2014 Bering Sea cyclone |
| 释义 |
| name = November 2014 Bering Sea cyclone Post-Tropical Cyclone Nuri | image location = Nov. 2014 bomb cyclone 2014-09-09 0210Z.jpg | image name = The bomb cyclone at its peak intensity over the Bering Sea, on November 9, 2014 | stormtype = Extratropical cyclone Bomb cyclone Blizzard | date formed = November 7, 2014 | date dissipated = November 13, 2014 | pressure = 920 hPa (mbar; 27.31 inHg)[1] (North Pacific extratropical record low) | 10-min winds = 70 | 1-min winds = 70 | gust = {{convert|97|mph|km/h}} at Shemya, Alaska | total damages (USD) = Unknown | total fatalities = None reported | areas affected = Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, Russian Far East, Alaska, Contiguous United States[2] |notes = Part of the 2014–15 North American winter }} The November 2014 Bering Sea cyclone (also referred to as Post-Tropical Cyclone Nuri by the U.S. government) was the most intense extratropical cyclone (also a bomb cyclone) ever recorded in the Bering Sea, which formed from a new storm developing out of the low-level circulation that separated from Typhoon Nuri, which soon absorbed the latter.[3][4][5][6] The cyclone brought gale-force winds to the western Aleutian Islands and produced even higher gusts in other locations, including a {{convert|97|mph|km/h}} gust in Shemya, Alaska. The storm coincidentally occurred three years after another historic extratropical cyclone impacted an area slightly further to the east.[4] Meteorological history{{storm path|November 2014 Bering Sea bomb cyclone track.png}}Right after the JMA downgraded Nuri to a severe tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on November 6, the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm and issued its final warning for the system, due to Nuri's extratropical transition and diminishing deep convection.[7][8] In the afternoon, Nuri accelerated northeastward and became completely extratropical east of Japan.[9] Due to an unusually powerful North Pacific jet stream, the extratropical cyclone underwent extremely explosive cyclogenesis on November 7, owing to the energy from differences in air masses.[10] The system split into two centers early on the same day, but the former center on the southwest was absorbed into the new center on the northeast, within half of a day.[5][6] After attaining typhoon-force winds at {{convert|70|kn|round=5}}, the new storm’s central pressure decreased to 920 hPa (mbar; 27.17 inHg) early on November 8, becoming the most intense extratropical cyclone of the North Pacific Ocean since reliable records began.[1] The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provided a slightly higher estimate of 924 mbar (hPa; 27.29 inHg), a pressure which still holds the record for most intense cyclone in the Bering Sea.[4] The extratropical cyclone crossed the International Date Line on November 9, at which time it started to weaken. However, the system's intensity shifted the jet stream far to the north of Alaska, resulting in a large mass of Arctic air invading the United States along and east of the Rocky Mountains, which caused the worst cold wave the United States had experienced since the 2013–14 North American cold wave.[2][11] Early on the next day, the storm weakened further into a gale-force system and turned northward.[12][13] On November 11, it turned northwestward, crossed the International Date Line for the second time, and weakened even further.[14] Afterwards, the system made a counter-closewise loop and crossed the International Date Line for the third time, late on November 12.[15] The system eventually dissipated near the Aleutian Islands on November 13.[16][17] ImpactNorth America{{main|November 2014 North American cold wave}}Sustained winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on|disp=flip}} with gusts to {{convert|97|mph|km/h|abbr=on|disp=flip}} were recorded on the island of Shemya.[18] Only minor damage was reported on the island which houses a United States Air Force installation.[19] The northward movement of the cyclone altered the jet stream, which allowed a fragment of the polar vortex to descend from Arctic region into lower Canada and the Eastern United States, affecting up to 200 million people with colder-than-normal temperatures and early snowstorms.[20][21] Some U.S. locations had temperatures 45 °F (25 °C) below normal. On November 10, St. Cloud, Minnesota had the biggest snowfall ever in November with {{convert|13.2|in|cm}}. By the next day, Ishpeming, Michigan had {{convert|24.5|in|cm}}, the most of any location.[22] On November 13, Casper, Wyoming had its lowest temperature ever recorded in November, with a record low of {{convert|-27|F|C}}, and Denver, Colorado had a low of {{convert|-14|F|C}}, the second coldest temperature ever recorded for that month.[23] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2014-11-08T06:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2014/11/08/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2014-11-08t060000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 8, 2014}} {{United States winter storms}}2. ^1 http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/09/us/cold-snap/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/monster-storm-to-pound-bering/36927708|title=Monster Storm Becomes Strongest on Record for Alaska|date=November 9, 2014|accessdate=November 9, 2014|publisher=AccuWeather, Inc.|last=Lada|first=Brian}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/news/weather-hurricanes/bering-sea-superstorm-alaska-aleutians-20141105|title=Bering Sea Superstorm Among the Strongest Extratropical Cyclones on Record|date=November 9, 2014|accessdate=November 9, 2014|publisher=The Weather Channel, LLC|last1=Wiltgen|first1=Nick|last2=Erdman|first2=Jonathan}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 070000 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |accessdate=November 7, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Tu276x1f?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201411070000.htm |archivedate=November 7, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2014-11-07T12:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2014/11/07/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2014-11-07t120000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 26, 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 060000 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |accessdate=November 7, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6TuCEJDXy?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201411060000.htm |archivedate=November 7, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Tropical Storm 20W (Nuri) Warning Nr 025 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |accessdate=November 7, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Tu1xxlNo?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201411060300.htm |archivedate=November 7, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 061500 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |accessdate=November 7, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6TuCDLgea?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201411061500.htm |archivedate=November 7, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Freedman|first1=Andrew|title=Unusually powerful storm explodes over Bering Sea|url=http://mashable.com/2014/11/07/storm-bering-sea-alaska/|publisher=Mashable|accessdate=November 11, 2014|date=November 7, 2014}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/news/weather-winter/arctic-outbreak-coldest-season-20141105 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-11-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109221342/http://www.weather.com/news/weather-winter/arctic-outbreak-coldest-season-20141105 |archivedate=2014-11-09 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2014-11-09T12:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2014/11/09/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2014-11-09t120000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 13, 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=High Seas Forecast for METAREA XII 0545 UTC Mon Nov 10 2014 |url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/KWBC/Alphanumeric/Forecast/Shipping_area/20141110/053000/A_FZPN02KWBC100530_C_RJTD_20141110053047_38.txt |publisher=Ocean Prediction Center |accessdate=November 13, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6U3Cc892A?url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/KWBC/Alphanumeric/Forecast/Shipping_area/20141110/053000/A_FZPN02KWBC100530_C_RJTD_20141110053047_38.txt |archivedate=November 13, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2014-11-11T06:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2014/11/11/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2014-11-11t060000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 13, 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=High Seas Forecast for METAREA XII 2345 UTC Wed Nov 12 2014 |url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/KWBC/Alphanumeric/Forecast/Shipping_area/20141112/233000/A_FZPN02KWBC122330_C_RJTD_20141112233046_27.txt |publisher=Ocean Prediction Center |accessdate=November 13, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6U3CkeFO1?url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/KWBC/Alphanumeric/Forecast/Shipping_area/20141112/233000/A_FZPN02KWBC122330_C_RJTD_20141112233046_27.txt |archivedate=November 13, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 16. ^{{cite web|title=High Seas Forecast for METAREA XII 1745 UTC Thu Nov 13 2014 |url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/KWBC/Alphanumeric/Forecast/Shipping_area/20141113/173000/A_FZPN02KWBC131730_C_RJTD_20141113173045_19.txt |publisher=Ocean Prediction Center |accessdate=November 14, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6U4EC7Ycj?url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/KWBC/Alphanumeric/Forecast/Shipping_area/20141113/173000/A_FZPN02KWBC131730_C_RJTD_20141113173045_19.txt |archivedate=November 14, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Pacific Surface Analysis 18:00 UTC 13 Nov 2014 |url=http://www.opc.ncep.noaa.gov/P_sfc_full_ocean_color.png |publisher=Ocean Prediction Center |accessdate=November 14, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6U4Dy2L3x?url=http://www.opc.ncep.noaa.gov/P_sfc_full_ocean_color.png |archivedate=November 14, 2014 |format=PNG |deadurl=yes |df= }} 18. ^{{cite web|work=National Weather Service Office in Anchorage, Alaska |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |date=November 8, 2014 |accessdate=November 9, 2014 |title=Local Storm Reports |url=http://www.nws.noaa.gov/view/validProds.php?prod=LSR&node=PAFC |archivedate=November 9, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Tx3i6wdS?url=http://www.nws.noaa.gov/view/validProds.php?prod=LSR&node=PAFC |deadurl=yes |df= }} 19. ^{{cite web|author=Devin Kelly|publisher=Alaska Dispatch News|date=November 8, 2014|accessdate=November 9, 2014|title=Weather service: No damage reported in Bering Sea storm|url=http://www.adn.com/article/20141108/weather-service-no-damage-reported-bering-sea-storm}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/polar-vortex-to-vist-central-u/36890008|title=Polar Vortex to Blast 200 Million People With Arctic Air|date=November 8, 2014|accessdate=November 10, 2014}} 21. ^{{cite web|last1=Diep|first1=Francie|title=Blame this Arctic Superstorm for Brutal US Winter Weather|url=http://www.popsci.com/blame-arctic-superstorm-brutal-us-winter-weather|website=Popular Science|publisher=Popular Science|accessdate=2014-11-20|date=2014-11-20}} 22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2014/11/11/winter-weather-midwest-plains/18841809/|title=South and East: Get ready for the icebox|last=Rice|first=Doyle|work=USA Today|date=November 11, 2014|accessdate=November 15, 2014}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2014/11/13/arctic-blast-grips-central-u-s-with-record-cold-temperatures/|title=Arctic blast grips Central U.S. with record cold temperatures|work=Washington Post|last=Fritz|first=Angela|date=November 13, 2014|accessdate=November 15, 2014}} 11 : 2014–15 North American winter|2014 in Alaska|2014 disasters in Russia|2014 meteorology|2014 natural disasters in the United States|Weather events in Russia|Extratropical cyclones|Weather events in Alaska|Natural disasters in the Russian Far East|November 2014 events|Natural disasters in Michigan |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。