| 词条 | Stanislaus Hosius |
| 释义 |
| type = cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Stanislaus Hosius | honorific-suffix = Servant of God | native_name = | native_name_lang = | title = Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Warmia | image = Stanisław Hozjusz 1.PNG | image_size = | alt = | caption = Portrait of Cardinal Hosius by Marcello Bacciarelli | church = | archdiocese = Bishopric of Warmia | province = | metropolis = Warmia | diocese = Warmia | see = Warmia | elected = | appointed = 2 March 1551 | term = | term_start = 11 May 1551 | quashed = | term_end = 5 August 1579 | predecessor = Tiedemann Giese | opposed = | successor = Marcin Kromer | other_post = {{unbulleted list|Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria Trastevere (1578–1579)|Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary (1574–1579)}} | ordination = 1543 | ordinated_by = | consecration = 23 March 1550 | consecrated_by = | cardinal = 26 February 1561 | created_cardinal_by = Pope Pius IV | rank = Cardinal-Priest | birth_name = Stanisław Hozjusz | birth_date = 5 May 1504 | birth_place = Kraków, Kingdom of Poland | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1579|8|5|1504|5|5}} | death_place = Capranica Prenestina, Italy | buried = | nationality = Polish | religion = Roman Catholic | residence = | parents = Ulrich Hosse of Pforzheim | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Bishop of Chełmno (1549–1551)|Apostolic Nuncio to Austria-Hungary (1560–1561)|Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Panisperna (1561–1562)|Cardinal-Priest of San Pancrazio (1562–1565)|Cardinal-Priest of Santa Sabina (1565)|Cardinal-Priest of San Teodoro (1565–1570)|Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca (1570)|Cardinal-Priest of Santa Anastasia (1570)|Cardinal-Priest of San Clemente (1570–1578)|Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Vincoli (1578)}} | education = {{unbulleted list|University of Padua|University of Bologna}} | alma_mater = | motto = | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = | coat_of_arms_alt = | feast_day = | venerated = Roman Catholic Church | saint_title = Servant of God | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | shrine = | suppressed_date = | other = }}{{Ordination | ordained deacon by = | date of diaconal ordination = | place of diaconal ordination = | ordained priest by = | date of priestly ordination = | place of priestly ordination = | consecrated by = | co-consecrators = | date of consecration = | place of consecration = | elevated by = | date of elevation = 26 February 1561 | bishop 1 = | consecration date 1 = | sources = | co-consecrator1 = | co-consecrator2 = }} Stanislaus Hosius ({{lang-pl|Stanisław Hozjusz}}; 5 May 1504 – 5 August 1579) was a Polish Roman Catholic cardinal. From 1551 he was the Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Warmia in Royal Prussia and from 1558 he served as the papal legate to the Holy Roman Emperor's Imperial Court in Vienna, Austria. From 1566 he was also the papal legate to Poland. His cause of canonization has commenced and after it halted, it resumed on 5 August 2006. He is now a Servant of God. BiographyEarly lifeHosius was born in Kraków, son of Ulrich Hosse of Pforzheim, and studied law at the University of Padua and the University of Bologna, Italy. He became Bishop of Chełmno in 1549 and Prince-Bishop of Warmia in 1551. Hosius had Jesuit sympathies and actively opposed the Protestant Reformation. CareerHosius was not distinguished as a theologian, though he drew up the Confessio fidei christiana catholica, adopted by the Synod of Piotrków in 1557. He was, however, supreme as a diplomat and administrator. The Pope consecrated Hosius to fight the ongoing conversions to Protestantism. Hosius and Marcin Kromer were the two bishops most instrumental in keeping the Warmia region Catholic, while neighboring Ducal Prussia became Protestant in 1525. Hosius was called to the Imperial seat at Vienna, Austria in 1558/1559, where he was to work on the reopening of the Council of Trent, Italy and on (re)gaining the imperial son Maximilian for Catholicism. For his successful work Hosius was promoted to cardinal in 1561. Pope Pius IV named him Legate-Theologian for the third session of the Council of Trent; the other two legates were Cardinals Puteo and Gonzaga. Despite health issues he mediated between the various factions at the Council as well as addressed issue particular to Poland-Lithuania, such as the status of the Teutonic Knights and the marriage of Stansilaus Orzechowski. When the Council ended he returned home despite requests that he should travel to Rome for the Papal conclave which was to be held after the death of the ailing Pius IV. Cardinal Truchess even suggested the Hosius was a candidate for the papacy.[1] Instead of going to Rome he returned to his diocese, leaving Trent on December 1563, to implement the decrees and canons of the Council of Trent. In 1566 Pope Pius V consecrated him as Papal Legate to Poland. Death and legacyBesides carrying through many difficult negotiations, he founded the lyceum of Braniewo (Braunsberg) in order to counter the rapidly spreading Protestants. It became the center of the Roman Catholic mission among Protestants. In 1572 Pope Gregory XIII declared Hosius a member of the Congregatio Germania. He died at Capranica Prenestina near Rome, Italy on 5 August 1579. A special friend to Hosius was Saint Peter Canisius. Both Kromer and Hosius left many records of their German language speeches and sermons in their years of duty in the Bishopric of Warmia. They were later translated to Czech, English, and French. A collected edition of his works was published at Cologne, Germany in 1584 ( Life by A Eichhorn (Mainz, Germany, 1854), 2 vols). Cause of beatificationThe cause of sainthood commenced but paused for a while until it resumed as of 5 August 2006. He is now known as a Servant of God. Literature
References1. ^Wojtyska, Cardinal Hosius Legate to the Council of Trent, 262-3.
22 : Ecclesiastical senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish Princes of the Holy Roman Empire|1504 births|1579 deaths|16th-century Latin-language writers|16th-century Roman Catholic bishops|Anti-Protestantism|Bishops of Warmia|People from Kraków|People from Royal Prussia|Polish cardinals|Diplomats of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Ambassadors of Poland to Austria|Polish Roman Catholics|University of Padua alumni|University of Bologna alumni|Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary|Participants in the Council of Trent|Apostolic Nuncios to Poland|Polish Servants of God|16th-century venerated Christians|Polish people of German descent |
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