| 词条 | Oesophageal pouch |
| 释义 |
The oesophageal pouches (also known as sugar glands)[1] are a pair of pouches connected to the oesophagus of all molluscs, and represent a synapomorphy of the phylum.[1] MorphologyUsually forming a pair of lateral structures, oesophageal pouches take various forms, but usually account for a fair portion of the anterior volume of the creeping molluscs and scaphopods.[2][3][4][5][6] There is a single pouch ventral to the rear of the radula in some nudibranch sea slugs.[5] The pouches are lined with ciliated secretory cells.[7] FunctionThe pouches contain digestive enzymes that break down starch and other polysaccharides,[8] and also extrude mucus.[5] OccurrenceThe features are considered ancestral to molluscs,[1] but have been secondarily lost in the Heterobranchia.[9] However, it is not certain that all oesophageal diverticulae are homologous.[10][11] References1. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-NbmHx93s8gC&pg=PA2|title=The mollusks: a guide to their study, collection, and preservation|isbn=978-1-58112-930-4|author1=Sturm, Charles F|author2=Pearce, Timothy A|author3=Valdés, ÁNgel|date=July 2006}} {{Gastropod anatomy}}2. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00077.x | last1 = Haszprunar | first1 = G. | title = Anatomy and affinities of cocculinid limpets (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda) | journal = Zoologica Scripta | volume = 16 | issue = 4 | pages = 305–324 | year = 1987 }} 3. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1989.tb01068.x | last1 = Haszprunar | first1 = G. | title = The Anatomy of Melanodrymia aurantiaca Hickman, a Coiled Archaeogastropod from the East Pacific Hydrothermal Vents (Mollusca, Gastropoda) | journal = Acta Zoologica | volume = 70 | issue = 3 | pages = 175–186 | year = 1989 }} 4. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1093/mollus/eyq013| last1 = Ruthensteiner | first1 = B. | last2 = Schropel | first2 = V. | last3 = Haszprunar | first3 = G. | title = Anatomy and affinities of Micropilina minuta Warén, 1989 (Monoplacophora: Micropilinidae) | journal = Journal of Molluscan Studies | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = 323–332 | year = 2010 }} 5. ^1 2 {{Cite journal | last1 = Crampton | first1 = D. M. | title = Functional anatomy of the buccal apparatus of Onchidoris bilamellata (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) | journal = The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London | volume = 34 | pages = 45–86 | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1977.tb00372.x }} 6. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1093/mollus/eyi008 | last1 = Urgorri | first1 = V. | last2 = García-Álvarez | first2 = O. | last3 = Luque | first3 = . | title = Laevipilina Cachuchensis, A New Neopilinid (Mollusca: Tryblidia) from off North Spain | journal = Journal of Molluscan Studies | volume = 71 | pages = 59–66 | year = 2005 }} 7. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0025315400006032 | last1 = Morton | first1 = J. E. | title = The habits and feeding organs of Dentalium entalis | journal = Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 225 | year = 2009 | url = http://plymsea.ac.uk/1985/1/The_habits_and_feeding_organs_of_Dentalium_entalis.pdf }} 8. ^1 {{Cite journal |doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064810|title = The Distribution of Cellulases and Related Enzymes in Mollusca|journal = Journal of Molluscan Studies|year = 1958}} 9. ^{{Cite journal | pages = 21–32 | year = 1991 | doi = 10.1093/mollus/57.1.21 | volume = 57 | journal = Journal of Molluscan Studies | title = Marine Valvatoidean Gastropods—Implications for Early Heterobranch Phylogeny| last1 = Ponder | first1 = W. F. }} 10. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2009.00392.x | last1 = Lobo-Da-Cunha | first1 = A. | last2 = Oliveira | first2 = E. | last3 = Alves | first3 = Â. | last4 = Coelho | first4 = R. | last5 = Calado | first5 = G. | title = Light and electron microscopic study of the anterior oesophagus of Bulla striata (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) | journal = Acta Zoologica | volume = 91 | issue = 2 | pages = 125–138 | year = 2010 }} 11. ^{{cite journal|vauthors = Mikkelsen PM|title = The evolutionary relationships of Cephalaspidea S.L. (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia): A phylogenetic analysis | year=1996 |journal = Malacologia|volume=37|pages= 375–442}} 1 : Mollusc anatomy |
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