| 词条 | St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador |
| 释义 |
| official_name = St. Anthony | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Town | motto = | image_skyline = Stanthony 071904.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = St Anthony seal.png | seal_size = | image_shield = Stanthony.JPG | shield_size = | pushpin_map = Newfoundland#Canada Newfoundland and Labrador | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location of St. Anthony in Newfoundland | pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Newfoundland and Labrador | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = Settled | established_date = early 16th century | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | government_type = | government_footnotes = | leader_title = Town Mayor | leader_name = Ernest Simms | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = 37.02 | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2016 | population_note = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 2,258 | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = Newfoundland Time | utc_offset = −03:30 | timezone_DST = Newfoundland Daylight | utc_offset_DST = −02:30 | coordinates = {{coord|51|22|21|N|55|35|41|W|region:CA-NL|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = 709 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = St. Anthony official site | footnotes = }} St. Anthony is a town on the northern reaches of the Great Northern Peninsula of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. St. Anthony serves as a main service centre for northern Newfoundland and southern Labrador. St. Anthony and surrounding area has an approximate population of 4,330.[2] The population of the town itself was 2,258 in 2016, compared with 2,418 in 2011, 2,476 in 2006 and 2,730 in 2001. DemographicsAccording to the Canada 2011 Census:
HistoryThe history of European settlement of St. Anthony reaches back to the early 16th century, when French and Basque fishermen used the well-sheltered harbour as a seasonal fishing station. By the time explorer Jacques Cartier came across the settlement in 1534, he reported it was named St. Anthony Haven. More people began arriving in the mid-19th century. By 1857, a census found 71 inhabitants in 10 families. By 1874, the population rose to 110, and by 1891, it was 139. The town grew in population after the arrival of Dr. Wilfred Grenfell in 1900 (see below). A salt fish plant and cold storage facility built in the 1930s and 1940s were a boon to the local economy. St. Anthony also became an outpost for the U.S. military. In 1951, a Pinetree Line radar site was built on a nearby hill, and by 1962, there were 250 servicemen stationed there. The site was operated by the 921st AC&W Squadron. Tourism has become an important industry to the town as fishing stocks dwindled. Tourists come to visit historical sites related to Grenfell, to see the nearby Viking settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows or to see natural attractions such as icebergs and whales. The Coat of Arms of St. Anthony is not from Letters Patent and therefore not legal.[3] Dr. Wilfred Grenfell{{unreferenced section|date=January 2015}}St. Anthony's most influential historic figure is Dr. Wilfred Thomason Grenfell. Born on February 28, 1865, in northern England. Grenfell entered the London Hospital Medical School in 1883. While in London, Grenfell heard the American evangelist Dwight L. Moody. The event inspired him to a life of Christian charity. A member of the Royal National Mission To Deep Sea Fishermen, Grenfell was sent to investigate the conditions of fishermen in the Labrador region in 1892. He was said to be the first doctor to reach the region. He would later establish a string of hospitals, cooperatives and schools for people in remote Newfoundland and Labrador towns. He chose Red Bay as the headquarters of the Grenfell Mission in 1900. However, in later years the focus of the organization became St. Anthony. He began responsibility of health care for the more than thirty thousand residents in Northern Newfoundland and Southern Labrador. This health responsibility was maintained until 1981 when the Government bought the resources and took over responsibility for the health service for one dollar. Dr. Grenfell was most interested in the holistic approach to betterment of the lifestyle of the people of the province. He worked in areas of food production, craft production and sale. Grenfell also worked to provide funds for his religious mission through speaking tours throughout the United States and Europe and he used colorized slides of the people and places he was operating his mission. He began to work from a non denominational Christian belief structure and religious conversion was his goal. Although the religious based mission was successful he was supported by volunteers who gave service to the mission. One notable volunteer was Josephine Colgate of the Colgate fortune. Grenfell died in 1940 and his ashes were interred at Tea House Hill in St. Anthony with those of his wife Lady Anne Grenfell. ClimateSt. Anthony experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. However, owing to the strong maritime influence, the winters are less cold than most of Canada at the same latitude, and there is no permafrost especially with snow cover sometimes reaching as high as {{convert|276|cm|in|1}}.However its winters are still far more severe than Valentia Island off the coast of Ireland half a latitude farther north on the other side of the Atlantic which enjoys the moderating effects of the Gulf Stream. St. Anthony is as much as {{convert|11.4|C-change}} colder than London on a near exact latitude in an average year. Precipitation, driven the powerful Icelandic Low, is quite high year round, with an annual average of approximately {{convert|1300|mm|in|1}}. {{Weather box| metric first = yes | single line = Yes | location = St. Anthony (1981-2010) | Jan maximum humidex = 5.7 | Feb maximum humidex = 4.1 | Mar maximum humidex = 8.6 | Apr maximum humidex = 10.6 | May maximum humidex = 23.0 | Jun maximum humidex = 30.6 | Jul maximum humidex = 36.6 | Aug maximum humidex = 34.5 | Sep maximum humidex = 28.5 | Oct maximum humidex = 21.0 | Nov maximum humidex = 14.4 | Dec maximum humidex = 7.3 | year maximum humidex = 36.6 | Jan record high C = 6.0 | Feb record high C = 6.7 | Mar record high C = 9.4 | Apr record high C = 14.1 | May record high C = 22.8 | Jun record high C = 27.4 | Jul record high C = 28.2 | Aug record high C = 30.0 | Sep record high C = 24.3 | Oct record high C = 20.0 | Nov record high C = 13.2 | Dec record high C = 8.3 | year record high C = 30.0 | Jan high C = -7.5 | Feb high C = -8.0 | Mar high C = -3.7 | Apr high C = 1.1 | May high C = 6.4 | Jun high C = 11.6 | Jul high C = 16.5 | Aug high C = 16.8 | Sep high C = 12.7 | Oct high C = 6.5 | Nov high C = 1.0 | Dec high C = -3.8 | year high C = 4.1 | Jan mean C = -11.8 | Feb mean C = -12.1 | Mar mean C = -7.4 | Apr mean C = -1.9 | May mean C = 2.8 | Jun mean C = 7.1 | Jul mean C = 12.0 | Aug mean C = 12.6 | Sep mean C = 8.8 | Oct mean C = 3.5 | Nov mean C = -1.9 | Dec mean C = -7.5 | year mean C = 0.3 | Jan low C = -16.1 | Feb low C = -16.2 | Mar low C = -11.1 | Apr low C = -4.9 | May low C = -0.8 | Jun low C = 2.7 | Jul low C = 7.4 | Aug low C = 8.4 | Sep low C = 4.9 | Oct low C = 0.4 | Nov low C = -4.8 | Dec low C = -11.3 | year low C = -3.5 | Jan record low C = -32.8 | Feb record low C = -31.7 | Mar record low C = -31.6 | Apr record low C = -22.5 | May record low C = -11.7 | Jun record low C = -3.1 | Jul record low C = -2.0 | Aug record low C = -0.3 | Sep record low C = -2.5 | Oct record low C = -10.7 | Nov record low C = -17.5 | Dec record low C = -30.6 | year record low C = -32.8 | Jan chill = -51.1 | Feb chill = -50.0 | Mar chill = -48.5 | Apr chill = -35.7 | May chill = -23.3 | Jun chill = -11.3 | Jul chill = -4.4 | Aug chill = 0.0 | Sep chill = -8.7 | Oct chill = -22.2 | Nov chill = -28.7 | Dec chill = -47.8 | year chill = -51.1 | precipitation colour = green | rain colour = green | snow colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 113.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 94.6 | Mar precipitation mm = 98.0 | Apr precipitation mm = 81.9 | May precipitation mm = 82.7 | Jun precipitation mm = 123.5 | Jul precipitation mm = 106.3 | Aug precipitation mm = 107.6 | Sep precipitation mm = 119.8 | Oct precipitation mm = 125.3 | Nov precipitation mm = 115.7 | Dec precipitation mm = 138.1 | year precipitation mm = 1307.3 | Jan rain mm = 7.6 | Feb rain mm = 5.5 | Mar rain mm = 17.8 | Apr rain mm = 34.1 | May rain mm = 64.4 | Jun rain mm = 119.2 | Jul rain mm = 106.3 | Aug rain mm = 107.6 | Sep rain mm = 119.6 | Oct rain mm = 111.8 | Nov rain mm = 65.3 | Dec rain mm = 29.2 | year rain mm = 788.3 | Jan snow cm = 115.1 | Feb snow cm = 94.8 | Mar snow cm = 84.3 | Apr snow cm = 49.1 | May snow cm = 18.9 | Jun snow cm = 4.6 | Jul snow cm = 0.0 | Aug snow cm = 0.0 | Sep snow cm = 0.2 | Oct snow cm = 14.1 | Nov snow cm = 51.4 | Dec snow cm = 111.3 | year snow cm = 543.7 | unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm | Jan precipitation days = 19.4 | Feb precipitation days = 16.6 | Mar precipitation days = 17.5 | Apr precipitation days = 15.7 | May precipitation days = 15.6 | Jun precipitation days = 16.9 | Jul precipitation days = 17.2 | Aug precipitation days = 15.3 | Sep precipitation days = 15.4 | Oct precipitation days = 17.7 | Nov precipitation days = 17.9 | Dec precipitation days = 21.2 | year precipitation days = 206.5 | unit rain days = 0.2 mm | Jan rain days = 2.2 | Feb rain days = 2.1 | Mar rain days = 4.7 | Apr rain days = 8.0 | May rain days = 11.8 | Jun rain days = 16.5 | Jul rain days = 17.2 | Aug rain days = 15.3 | Sep rain days = 15.4 | Oct rain days = 15.6 | Nov rain days = 9.2 | Dec rain days = 4.9 | year rain days = 122.9 | unit snow days = 0.2 cm | Jan snow days = 18.8 | Feb snow days = 15.7 | Mar snow days = 14.9 | Apr snow days = 10.3 | May snow days = 5.5 | Jun snow days = 1.4 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.0 | Sep snow days = 0.2 | Oct snow days = 4.5 | Nov snow days = 11.9 | Dec snow days = 19.7 | year snow days = 102.7 | source = [4] }} TransportationThe town is at the end of the Great Northern Peninsula Highway. It is also served by St. Anthony Airport. Attractions
Dr. Wilfred Grenfell's work in St. Anthony is commemorated by several historic sites and museums, including:
Other attractions include:
See also
References1. ^ 2. ^{{cite web|title=White Bay North Subregion|url=http://www.northernpeninsula.ca/home/white_bay_north.htm|website=Northern Peninsula.|accessdate=24 February 2016|ref=5}} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Hall|first=Rideau|title=The Canadian Heraldic Authority|url=http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/reg-search.asp?lang=e|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=22 June 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web |url= ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/NFLD/NFLD_ROCK-WOOD_ENG.csv |title= Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 |publisher= Environment Canada |format= CSV |access-date= 2016-05-09 }} 5. ^{{cite web|last=Properties|first=Grenfell|title=The Jordi Bonet Murals|url=http://www.newfoundlandlabrador.com/PlanYourTrip/Detail/213287|publisher=Province of Newfoundland and Labrador|accessdate=22 June 2011}} External links
2 : Populated coastal places in Canada|Towns in Newfoundland and Labrador |
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