“Oktoberfest bombing”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Oktoberfest bombing

释义

Attack and immediate impact
Criticism of the official investigation
In popular culture
References
External links

{{refimprove|date=September 2014}}{{Expand German|Oktoberfestattentat|date=August 2012}}{{Expand French|Attentat de l'Oktoberfest|date=October 2012}}{{About|the 1980 bombing|the 1972 massacre|Munich massacre|the 2016 mass shooting|2016 Munich shooting}}{{other uses|Oktoberfest (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = 1980 Oktoberfest bombing
| partof = Terrorism in Germany
| image = Oktoberfest-Denkmal.jpg
| caption = Monument at the site
| location = Munich, West Germany
| target = Oktoberfest participants
| coordinates =
| date = 26 September 1980
| time =
| timezone =
| type = Bombing, mass murder, neo-Nazi terrorism
| fatalities = 13 (including the perpetrator)
| injuries = 211
| victims =
| perpetrator= Gundolf Köhler
| susperps =
| weapons = Pipe bomb
| numparts =
| dfens =
| motive =
| website =
}}

The Oktoberfest bombing was a terrorist attack with a right-wing radical background. On 26 September 1980, 13 people died and 211 were injured after the explosion of an improvised explosive device (IED) at the main entrance of the Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany. The attack is considered to be the deadliest attack in Germany since World War II. The attack was attributed to the right-wing extremist and geology student Gundolf Köhler who was killed while placing the explosive device; however, doubts remain as to whether he acted alone.

Attack and immediate impact

Oktoberfest is an outdoor beer festival held during a 16-day period running from late September to the first weekend in October, celebrating beer in Munich, Germany.

At 10:19 p.m. on 26 September 1980, a bomb exploded at the main entrance to Oktoberfest, killing 13 people instantly (including the perpetrator) and injuring 225 people. Amongst the individuals killed were one Briton, one Swiss, and three German children, aged 6, 8, and 10; the remaining victims were West German adults.^[1]

The bomb had been planted in a litter bin at about waist level, allowing it to wreak significant havoc upon detonation. Approximately 50 of the 225 “non fatal” casualties experienced serious, life-threatening injuries with the potential to impact the afflicted individuals for the rest of their lives. The area affected by the bombing was the size of a football field, approximately 100 metres by 60 metres. Reconstruction from the site of the bombing indicates that it was created from a British mortar projectile manufactured in 1954. This particular projectile was modified to ensure an intense degree of fragmentation, which would assist in causing as many fatalities (and severe injuries) as quickly as possible. This explains the large scale of casualties and injuries caused by the blast.

Criticism of the official investigation

The "single attacker" theory that was the conclusion of the official investigation has been doubted by many, including local politicians, victims and various journalists and attorneys.

The criticisms of the official investigation include the fact that known connections between Köhler and the Wehrsportgruppe Hoffmann, a known neo-Nazi militia, were all but ignored in the final report. Also, several eyewitness accounts of the attack itself mentioned Köhler speaking to two individuals wearing olive parkas immediately prior to the explosion as well as statements that a second individual was seen with Köhler looking into the plastic bag that the IED was believed to be in.

The last remaining pieces of evidence from the attack such as shrapnel from the IED were disposed of in 1997. This is routine in investigations that are considered cleared, yet it created some blow-back due to the political background of the attack and the lingering questions surrounding the official investigation.

In popular culture

In 2009 German novelist Wolfgang Schorlau published a book concerning the event, entitled Das München-Komplott ("The Munich plot").^[2]

In 2013, the feature film Der blinde Fleck ("The blind spot") was released to German cinemas, starring Benno Fürmann in the lead and concerning a dramatized event of journalist Ulrich Chaussy's investigations throughout the 1980s regarding the Oktoberfest bombing and possible political cover-ups of a radical right-wing network behind it.

References

1. ^{{cite news|last=Gerber|first=Larry|title=Neo-Nazi Group Suspected in Munich Oktoberfest Bombing|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9gYgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=t2QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1421%2C5561612|accessdate=21 November 2013|newspaper=The Lewiston Daily Sun|date=29 September 1980}}
2. ^{{cite book|editor=Katharina Hall|title=Crime Fiction in German: Der Krimi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MT4nDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT178|accessdate=17 February 2017|date=15 March 2016|publisher=University of Wales Press|isbn=978-1-78316-819-4|page=178}}

External links

Oktoberfest-Attentat, 26 September 1980 {{de icon}}, {{lang|de|Historisches Lexikon Bayerns}} (Bavarian historical lexicon).

{{Terrorism in Germany}}{{Authority control}}{{Coord|48.13592|N|11.549736|E|format=dms|region:DE-BY_type:event_scale:50000|display=title}}

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