| 词条 | Old Guard (Australia) |
| 释义 |
| name = Old Guard | former name = | image = | image_border = | size = | alt = | caption = | motto = | formation = {{Start date|1930}} | extinction = {{End date|1952}}{{cn|date=July 2018}} | type = Secret | status = | purpose = Anti-communist | headquarters = | location = | coords = | region_served = New South Wales, Australia | membership = | general = | leader_title = | leader_name = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | affiliations = }} The Old Guard was an Australian anti-communist organisation which was founded in 1930 and was primarily active in New South Wales.[1] Its exact origins are disputed, and at least one historian has claimed that it existed as early as 1917.[2] It has been described as a paramilitary, quasi-official, vigilante, anti-communist organisation. The Old Guard had a similar purpose and composition to the National Guard of the United States, although it was not organised by the government.[3] The group was primarily concerned with the social conditions arising from the Great Depression, and the actions of the Labor state government in New South Wales led by Premier Jack Lang.[1] Neither the Old Guard, nor its offshoot, the New Guard, supported the Australia First Movement. In response to rumours that fires would be started by agitators, the Old Guard was a driving force behind the more effective organisation of country bush fire brigades in New South Wales.[2] As the threat of communism waned the Old Guard had little to do. It was dissolved sometime in the 1950s.[2] SecrecyThe group was sworn to absolute secrecy regarding membership, and was divided into cells so that its leadership would be hard to identify. Media reports on the group in the 1930s were scarce, and information about it has been obscured by the destruction of its own records.[3] Split{{main|New Guard}}The New Guard split from the group in 1931.[1] Eric Campbell wanted a more visible organisation than the secretive Old Guard.[4] The New Guard was less of a military force than the Old Guard, which opposed the split because it was fearful of communists exploiting the division.[5] Both groups had devised plans to neutralise each other should it be needed.[2] MembersAt the height of its popularity, the Old Guard in Australia had a membership of around 30,000.[6] Members were loyalists and idealists devoted to the British Empire and ready to act pre-emptively to prevent a socialist revolution in Australia. Old Guard leaders were wealthy Protestant Anglo-Australians.[3] Membership in rural New South Wales, and ties to the New South Wales police force, were strong.[3] At the federal level the Old Guard had its closest ties to the Attorney-General's Department and the Department of Defence.[2] Like many former officers of the Australian Army George Wootten joined the Old Guard.[7] See also{{Portal|Australia}}
References1. ^Keith Amos. Campbell, Eric (1893–1970). Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 10 August 2013. 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/nswconstitution/html/dismissal/bgr/impact.html |title=What if Jack Lang had not been dismissed? |work=Issues: New South Wales Constitution and Government |publisher=NSW Public Schools |accessdate=10 August 2013 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |title=Australia: A Biography of a Nation |last=Knightley |first=Phillip |year=2001 |publisher=Random House |isbn=0099772914 |pages=142–144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I72ZsVtpxcUC |accessdate=10 August 2013}} 4. ^{{cite book |title=History of Australia |last=Manning |first=Clark |authorlink=Manning Clark |year=1993 |publisher=Melbourne University Publish |isbn=0522845231 |page=534 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PYpNYjr_xQEC |accessdate=10 August 2013}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |title=Sense and Nonsense in Australian History |last=Hirst |first=John |year=2009 |publisher=Black Inc |isbn=0977594939 |pages=239, 242 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_hjZdbplaoC |accessdate=10 August 2013}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1 |last=Blamires |first=Cyprian |author2=Paul Jackson |year=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=1576079406 |page=66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nvD2rZSVau4C |accessdate=9 August 2013}} 7. ^A. J. Hill. Wootten, Sir George Frederick (1893–1970). Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 10 August 2013. Further reading
5 : 1930 establishments in Australia|Organizations established in 1930|Anti-communist organizations|Paramilitary organisations based in Australia|1952 disestablishments in Australia |
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