“Starlight Express”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Starlight Express is a rock musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Richard Stilgoe (lyrics). ^[1] Later productions have used additional songs with lyrics by Don Black, David Yazbek, Nick Coler and Lauren Aquilina, and with music by the composer's son, Alastair Lloyd Webber.

The West End production of Starlight Express is the eighth longest-running musical in Broadway and West End history, having been performed 7,409 times between 1984 and 2002. Starlight Express is also the most successful musical in Germany, where it has been performed in a purpose-built theatre since 1988.^[3]

Background

According to Andrew Lloyd Webber, Starlight Express has its roots in three abandoned projects: an animated TV series based on Thomas the Tank Engine, a novelty pop single, and an animated film based on Cinderella.

In 1974, Lloyd Webber approached author Reverend W. Awdry about adapting Awdry's Thomas the Tank Engine stories as an animated TV series.^[4] Following the meeting, Lloyd Webber starting composing, with actor and children's TV writer Peter Reeves contributing lyrics. They pitched their material to Granada TV, who commissioned a pilot episode. The episode was completed in early 1976, but Granada ultimately decided not to produce a full series as they feared that Awdry's stories were not then popular enough outside the UK to justify investing the time and money needed to make the series.^[5]

After withdrawing from the project, Lloyd Webber heard a recording of an American soul singer, Earl Jordan, who could sing three notes at once in the style of a steam whistle. Lloyd Webber and Peter Reeves wrote a novelty pop song for Jordan called "Engine of Love", which was released in 1977.^[6] The song failed to chart, but "Engine of Love" would go on to feature in some productions of Starlight Express.

Around the same time as writing "Engine of Love", an American TV station invited Lloyd Webber to compose songs for an animated film of Cinderella. In this version of the story, the Prince would hold a competition to decide which engine would pull the royal train across the United States of America. Cinderella would be a steam engine and the ugly sisters would be a diesel engine and an electric engine. The project went into development hell, but Lloyd Webber remained interested in the idea of telling a story with trains.^[7]

Together, Lloyd Webber, Stilgoe and Nunn developed the story to include the idea of trains and coaches racing. The choreographer Arlene Phillips was brought onboard along with the designer John Napier, who suggested staging the show on roller skates.^[10]

In 1983 the first act of Starlight Express was workshopped by Nunn and Phillips with a cast that included the comedienne Tracey Ullman. Based on workshop's success, Starlight Express went into full-scale production with an opening date of March 1984.

Synopsis

Starlight Express has been revised many times since it was first produced. Each professional production has differed from the last. These differences range from tweaks to lyrics, to the omission or inclusion of entire songs, characters and sub-plots. Throughout Starlight Express’s history, however, the fundamental story has stayed the same: a young but obsolete steam engine, Rusty, races in a championship against modern engines in the hope of impressing a first-class carriage, Pearl.

Act 1

Late at night, a child plays with his toy trains. Calling himself ‘Control’, he presides over a championship to decide which of his trains is ‘the fastest in the world’. He falls asleep and, in his dreams, the championship begins.

The reigning champion – a Union Pacific diesel engine called Greaseball – enters with his gang. They boast of diesel's supremacy (Rolling Stock).

A steam engine called Rusty enters. Greaseball mocks Rusty, who replies that he will win the championship, despite steam being obsolete compared to diesel (Call Me Rusty). Control intervenes and orders Rusty to collect the coaches from the marshalling yard.

Rusty returns with the coaches: a dining car called Dinah, a smoking car called Ashley, a buffet car called Buffy, and a first-class car called Pearl. Control sends Rusty away to fetch the freight trucks as the coaches introduce themselves to the audience (A Lotta Locomotion).

Rusty returns with the six cars that make up the freight train: three boxcars called Rocky 1, Rocky 2 and Rocky 3, a brick truck called Flat Top, an aggregate hopper called Dustin, and a brake truck called C.B. They introduce themselves to the audience and argue with the coaches over whether it's preferable to carry people or cargo (Freight).

Control declares entries for the championship open. Six trains arrive to challenge Greaseball: Bobo, a French TGV; Espresso, the Italian Rome to Milan Express; Weltschaft, the German Intercity-Express; Turnov, a Russian engine on the Trans-Siberian Railway; Hashamoto, a Japanese bullet train; and The City of Milton Keynes, an Advanced Passenger Train from Great Britain.

Entries are about to close when a surprise entry arrives: Electra, an electric train. Accompanied by his five components – an armaments truck called Krupp, a repair truck called Wrench, a money truck called Purse, a freezer truck called Volta and an animal truck called Joule – Electra declares that electricity is the future of speed (AC/DC).

Greaseball and Electra square up to each other as the entrants form a parade to celebrate the race (Coda of Freight).

Control announces the rules of the championship: the trains will compete in pairs, with an engine pulling a coach. There will be three eliminator heats. The winner of each heat will go into the final to decide the fastest train.

The engines start to pick their coaches. Rusty offers to race with Pearl, but she rejects him, explaining that she is waiting for her ‘dream train’ (He Whistled at Me). Electra's messenger, Purse, enters with an invitation from Electra. Even though Electra is not her dream train either, she accepts, leaving Rusty alone.

The first heat pits Greaseball and Dinah against Espresso and Buffy, and Hashamoto and C.B.. C.B. sabotages Hashamoto by applying his brakes at key moments in the race. Greaseball and Dinah win comfortably, claiming a place in the final.

After the race, Dinah objects to Greaseball's cheating. In response he abandons her. C.B. comforts Dinah (There’s Me).

Meanwhile, a lonely Rusty has retreated to the freight yard where an old steam train called Poppa – a former champion – is singing a blues song to the freight cars (Poppa’s Blues). Poppa tries to persuade Rusty to race without Pearl, urging him to have faith in a mythical force he calls ‘the Starlight Express’. When Rusty refuses, Poppa introduces him to an old sleeping car called Belle (Belle The Sleeping Car).

Rusty agrees to race with Belle. They compete in the second eliminator heat against Electra and Pearl, and Weltschaft and Joule. Electra and Pearl finish first, securing a place in the final. Rusty and Belle finish in last place.

Already despondent after losing Pearl as his race partner, Rusty loses his last shreds of confidence. Poppa decides to step up and prove that steam power is still relevant, despite everyone's misgivings, by racing himself in the third eliminator heat. Only Dustin, the heavy aggregate hopper, is willing to race with him. Rusty points out that the race is already full, but suddenly Control announces that the British train has been scrapped, leaving space for a late entry. Poppa interprets this as a sign from the Starlight Express and enters the race.

The third eliminator heat pits Poppa and Dustin against Bobo and Ashley, and Turnov and Wrench. Poppa wins the race, securing a place in the final against Greaseball and Electra, but the effort of outracing the others and pulling the hefty Dustin exhausts him. Now worn out, he begs Rusty to take his place. Rusty refuses at first, but then he notices Pearl with Electra and is jealous. When C.B. offers to race with him, Rusty announces that he will take Poppa's place. Greaseball and the other competitors mock him then leave. Alone, Rusty prays to the Starlight Express for help in the final (Starlight Express).

Act 2

The trains debate whether Rusty should be allowed to take Poppa's place in the final, since he's already competed and lost, or whether the place should go instead to Bobo, who finished second in Poppa's heat (The Rap). They ultimately decide to let Rusty race.

Control offers the engines the chance to change partners. Pearl abandons Electra and joins Greaseball, leaving Dinah feeling betrayed. Dinah expresses her shame at being uncoupled, although she can’t bring herself to say the word itself (U.N.C.O.U.P.L.E.D.).

Ashley, Buffy and Belle try to persuade Dinah to fight for Greaseball's affections (Rolling Stock (Reprise)). But instead she accepts an offer from Electra to replace Pearl at the final.

Elsewhere, C.B. hatches a plan. He tells Greaseball he’ll help him win the championship by sabotaging Rusty. He then tells Electra he’ll wipe out Greaseball, clearing the way for Electra to win. When Electra expresses his surprise at C.B.’s duplicity, C.B. explains that he’s spent a career secretly causing train crashes for fun (C.B.).

The final takes place between Electra and Dinah, Greaseball and Pearl, and Rusty and C.B. C.B. sabotages Rusty, slowing him down so he misses a switch on the tracks and can’t finish the race. Electra and Greaseball finish in a dead heat. Control announces that there will be another race, with Electra and Greaseball going head-to-head to decide the winner.

Rusty complains that he was cheated, but the marshals refuse to listen. Pearl confronts Greaseball, but he warns her to say nothing, as the marshals would consider her complicit and punish her as well. Rusty retreats to the freight yard, where he bumps into the Rockies. They tell him that without luck, he will never win and that he should give up and ‘just sit quiet at the back of the train’. (Right Place, Right Time).

The Rockies leave Rusty alone. He appeals again to the mythical Starlight Express for help, and this time, it hears. The Starlight Express appears in front of Rusty, reminding him that whatever strength he needs – the starlight – is within him already (I Am The Starlight).

The Starlight Express disappears and Rusty finds himself back in the freight yard with Dustin, who says he was just asleep, but felt the starlight's presence. Rusty asks Dustin to race with him in the final. He accepts and they head off together.

Moments before the race, Dinah, angry with the way Electra treats her, disconnects from him. Electra quickly appeals to C.B. to take her place. The trains gather to watch what they expect will be a head-to-head final between Greaseball and Pearl, and Electra and C.B.. Suddenly Rusty arrives with Dustin. The marshals allow him to enter the race.

The race is fast and furious. This time, the downhill track turns Dustin's weight into an advantage for Rusty. Greaseball struggles with an unwilling Pearl holding him back, and Electra uses all his power to disrupt his opponents. Electra zaps electricity at Greaseball, but misses and injures Pearl. Greaseball, showing no concern, simply disconnects Pearl at full speed. Rusty diverts from the race course just in time to save her, but at the cost of falling into a distant third place. To avoid being disqualified for not having a coach, Greaseball starts to grapple with Electra over C.B. The fight degenerates into chaos and Greaseball, Electra and C.B. crash, allowing Rusty to win the race. But instead of celebrating he leaves immediately to find Pearl. Control warns that, if Rusty doesn’t return quickly, his lap of honour will be cancelled.

Humiliated and furious, Electra leaves the race track, swearing never to return (No Comeback).

Greaseball and C.B. emerge in a tangled wreck. They lament the heavy toll that racing has taken on them (One Rock ’n’ Roll Too Many). Poppa demands that Greaseball and C.B. help find Rusty.

Away from the other engines, Pearl fears that she caused Rusty to lose the race. She realises that of all the trains she's raced with, only Rusty ever acted selflessly towards her (Only He). Rusty arrives. He tells Pearl that he won the race and confesses his love for her (Only You).

The other trains arrive. Greaseball finally apologises to Dinah for his behaviour and they reconcile. Greaseball complains that he's ‘finished’ as a racer, but Poppa offers to rebuild him as a steam engine. Control tries to assert some control, announcing that Rusty's lap of honour is cancelled. Tired of Control's behaviour, Poppa and the other engines tell Control to ‘shut it’ and celebrate the second coming of steam power (Light at the End of the Tunnel).

Characters

(Starlight Express on Ice also included the Canadian Engine, Canuck and the Mexican Engine, Cesar, Expreso Astral included Carioca, the Brazilian Engine and Pibe, the Argentinian Engine)

Musical numbers

The musical numbers in Starlight Express have changed many times since the first production opened in 1984. Each new production is ‘re-invented…rewritten, rearranged, restaged and brought up to date… rather than just [being] a copy of the original.’^[11] This is because the show was envisaged as an introduction to live theatre for young audiences, particularly audiences ‘for whom theatre was a no-go zone’.^[12] The score is grounded in popular music, which changes with each generation. Therefore, as Lloyd Webber has said, ‘Starlight Express by its nature has to change’.^[13]

This list shows the musical numbers in the original West End production, then which numbers have been added or removed over the years.{{col-begin}}

Production history

West End (1984-2002)

The first production of Starlight Express opened on 27 March 1984 at the Apollo Victoria Theatre. It was directed by Trevor Nunn. Arlene Phillips created the roller-skating choreography. John Napier designed by the set, which featured race tracks extending from the stage into the auditorium, as well as a six-tonne steel bridge which lifted and tilted to connect the various levels of the set.

The original cast included Stephanie Lawrence, Frances Ruffelle, Jeff Shankley, Jeffrey Daniel and Ray Shell.

The production received some minor updates after the Broadway show opened, bringing some new material across, such as "Engine of Love", "Make Up My Heart", and cutting "No Comeback".

In November 1992, the London production was relaunched with major revisions as The New Starlight Express. Numerous changes from subsequent productions were incorporated:

Considered one continuous production despite revisions, Starlight Express ran for 7,409 performances in the West End, making it the eighth longest-running musical in history.

Broadway (1987-1989)

The Broadway production of Starlight Express opened on 15 March 1987 at the Gershwin Theatre. It ran for 761 performances, closing on 8 January 1989.

Created by the original team of Trevor Nunn (direction), Arlene Phillips (choreography) and John Napier (design), Starlight Express on Broadway was extensively revised from the original West End production. The story was localised, with the trains now racing across America for a trophy called the ‘silver dollar’. The plot was streamlined, with one fewer race compared to the West End production. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also made many changes to the music and lyrics, notably adding a ballad for Pearl, ‘Make Up My Heart’, which has been included in every production since, and a reworked version of ‘Engine of Love’, the novelty pop song Lloyd Webber wrote in 1977 for Earl Jordan.

Bochum (1988 to Present)

On 12 June 1988, Starlight Express opened at a purpose-built theatre in Bochum, Germany. As of 2019, the production is still running and has been seen by more than 16 million people.

The creative team included the choreographer and designer from the West End and Broadway productions, Arlene Phillips and John Napier, alongside a new director, Dion McHugh. Starlight Express in Bochum largely followed the template set by the Broadway production. However, the creative team made a further series of revisions, notably removing a character, Belle, who had been part of both the West End and Broadway productions. This means that, with the Bochum production open, there were three markedly different versions of Starlight Express now running at the same time.

The Starlight Express Theater features tracks on three levels in a U-shape, with the audience sitting in the middle and around these tracks. The fact that the venue took less than one year build is documented in the Guinness Book of Records.

In March 2008, the production ran a talent competition called 'Musical Showstar 2008' on German television to find the next Rusty and Pearl. The competition was won by Kevin Köhler and Anna-Maria Schmidt. Schmidt dropped out of training, but Köhler premiered as Rusty on 1 August 2008.

Subsequent Revisions

The production has been updated periodically since 1988, taking in some changes from other worldwide productions:

2018 Revisions

In 2017 Lloyd Webber visited the production for the charity gala in which the show was performed in English, and found it 'unrecognisable' following years of incremental revisions.^[14] Arlene Phillips added that in 2018 the 'overall tone of the show [now appeared] a little bit sexist'.^[15] Lloyd Webber resolved to shut down the production if he could not find a way to 'get Starlight back to its roots'. He wrote new material, which was workshopped for six performances at The Other Palace in London in September 2017 before being rolled out in Bochum. Phillips directed the stripped back workshop production with no set, costumes or roller skates. These changes included:

In May 2018 the Bochum production closed for a month to rehearse the new material and for significant technical updates to the 30 year old auditorium. Lloyd Webber, Phillips and original designer John Napier returned to oversee the changes, which Lloyd Webber now considers the definitive version of Starlight Express. As well as the changes from The Other Palace, they also:

Las Vegas (1993-1997)

An abridged, 90-minute production without an intermission opened at the Las Vegas Hilton on 14 September 1993, with direction by Arlene Phillips and with Reva Rice and Gred Ellis reprising their roles of Pearl and Rusty. Several songs were cut and many lyrics trimmed to make it fit into its 90-minute run time with great care taken to preserve the integrity of the plot. This production was the first permanent legitimate musical theatre production in Las Vegas, however concessions were made in the form of a shortened run time and betting references in the race sequences. Additionally, partway through the run the Coaches' costumes were given a "Vegas Showgirl" makeover. This production used the filmed race sequences from the first US tour (which played in the background during the live races on stage), as well as some of the set pieces. When the hotel changed ownership, the new owners decided to end the run before its 5-year contract concluded, with the show closing on 30 November 1997.

Mexico City (1997-1998)

From October 1997 until April 1998, a Spanish-language production entitled Expreso Astral played at the Teatro Polanco in Mexico City. For the most part, it was a Spanish language version of the Las Vegas production (using the same edited script) with costumes and sets inspired by several earlier productions. The production was directed by Bobby Love. Many of the character's names were Hispanicized, with Rusty becoming Ferro, Pearl becoming Perla, Poppa becoming El Jefe, and the National Engines were replaced with Carioca, a Brazilian train, and Pibe, an Argentinian train. A cast recording of this production was made but, owing to complications with the rights, was never released.

Touring productions

North America

A downsized version of the Broadway production, with a few changes, toured the US and Canada from November 1989 until April 1991. Rather than scaling the show up to fill stadiums, the set was small enough to fit regular regional theaters. The show was very much the same as the Australian/Japanese touring production with the "Silver Dollar" subplot being removed and the character of Memphis Belle being cut completely. With the "Silver Dollar" plot removed, an abbreviated version of "The Rap" from London was used to open Act II. The races were mostly shown on film, however a small race track extended out into the audience. The costumes were based on the original Broadway production and some were recycled directly from that earlier production.

The second US tour opened in Biloxi, Mississippi on 1 April 2003 and toured the US until 13 June 2004. The show was originally performed featuring the songs "Wide Smile", "Girls' Rolling Stock", and "Only He" but for reasons Troika (the production company) never disclosed it was later shortened by the removal of "Wide Smile" and "Girls' Rolling Stock" and "Only He" was replaced by "Next Time You Fall In Love". This production featured revisions to the material by David Yazbek, including a new song, "A Whole Lotta Locomotion", and rewriting "The Rap". Owing to the restrictions of touring spaces available, digital video company Inition were commissioned to produce high-definition race footage in 3-D film to replace the live races.^[16]

Europe

The first UK tour of Starlight Express (now entitled Starlight Express: The Third Dimension) opened on 4 November 2004 in Manchester. The production was produced by David Ian Productions and directed by Mykal Rand. Originally adapted from the second U.S. tour, most of David Yazbek's contributions were removed after Andrew Lloyd Webber visited a performance. ^[17] In November 2007 the first UK tour production toured Stockholm, Gothenburg, Oslo and Helsinki, using an expanded set designed for use in stadium venues.

Bill Kenwright Productions presented a second tour of the UK, beginning at the New Wimbledon Theatre on 10 May 2012.^[18] This production included a new song, "I Do", written by the composer's son, Alistair Lloyd-Webber in place of "Only You" or "Next Time You Fall in Love". Other changes included the character of Ashley The Smoking Car being replaced by Duvay The Sleeper Car, due to the recent British smoking ban, subsequent redundancy of smoking cars, and the general negative public attitude toward smoking. The production reused the race sequences filmed for the first UK tour.

Asia

A large-scale, "in-the-round" production played stadiums in Tokyo and Osaka from November 1987 to January 1988. Due to the scale of this production, the National Engines and Electra's Components where doubled up to fill the performance area. This production was based on the Broadway production, with only minor changes such as the removal of Belle and the "Silver Dollar" subplot. The stage design was unique to this production, featuring landmarks such as Mount Rushmore and had a platform that could elevate up from the floor to change the setting of the races. This tour went on to Australia through 1988. Due to popular demand, the in-the-round tour returned to Japan from 24 March to 18 July 1990.

In 2013, the second UK tour traveled to Hong Kong, where it played at the Hong Kong Academy of Performing Arts from 11 October to 4 November 2013. From there it moved to Singapore, playing at the Marina Bay Sands from 13 November to 24 November 2013. This version of the show is licensed for amateur theatre groups as The Definitive Starlight Express.

Australasia

The large-scale tour that began in Japan in 1987 continued to Australia, where it visited Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth, ending in May 1988.

In 2009, following an extended run in Europe, the props and costumes from the second UK tour were shipped to New Zealand to form a new production. This production played arenas in Wellington, Christchurch and Auckland in July and August 2009, and featured some performers from various other international productions.^[19]

Non-replica productions

Starlight Express on Ice (1997)

As the first ever non-replica production of the show, it was completely re-designed by Feld Entertainment's On Ice unit with The Really Useful Co. It toured the United States from {{dts|1997|9}} until {{dts|1997|10}}. The production was directed by Robin Cousins and featured figure- and stunt-skaters miming to pre-recorded music. It failed to find an audience and closed halfway through its scheduled tour.^[20]^[21]

Johannesburg, South Africa (2013)

The South African premiere took place at the Joburg Theatre, running from July 2 until September 1, 2013. The production was directed by Janice Honeyman with choreography by Karen Bruce, who were given "Carte blanche" to re-imagine the show.^[22]

Regional and Amateur Licensed Productions

The show is available to Regional and Schools groups in the USA. The regional premiere was performed in Tuacahn, Utah, in June 2013.^[23] It is licensed through The Musical Company^[24] As of June 2018, it appears that the Amateur licensed script will be updated to reflect the changes made to the flagship professional production in Germany, in line with the creative team's goals to update the show for the modern audience.

Notable cast members

Awards and nominations

Recordings

References

1. ^[https://www.allmusic.com/album/starlight-express-original-cast-recording-mw0000651588 AllMusic]
2. ^[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2003-06-27-0306270207-story.html 'Starlight Express' a rolling disaster-Chicago Tribune]
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/features/2016/international-how-lloyd-webbers-starlight-express-keeps-on-track-in-germany/|title=International: How Lloyd Webber’s Starlight Express keeps on track in Germany {{!}} Features {{!}} The Stage|date=2016-05-19|work=The Stage|access-date=2018-07-03|language=en-US}}
4. ^{{Cite book|title=Unmasked|last=Lloyd Webber|first=Andrew|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=Chapter 16: Syd}}
5. ^{{Cite book|title=Unmasked|last=Lloyd Webber|first=Andrew|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=Chapter 20: The Song That Cleared the Dance Floors}}
6. ^{{Cite book|title=Unmasked|last=Lloyd Webber|first=Andrew|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=Chapter 23: Really Useful}}
7. ^Andrew Lloyd Webber’s programme note for the original West End production of Starlight Express, 1984
8. ^{{Cite book|title=Unmasked|last=Lloyd Webber|first=Andrew|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=Chapter 33: Miss Sarah Brightman}}
9. ^{{Cite book|title=Follies and Grandeur|last=Nunn|first=Trevor|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
10. ^{{Cite book|title=Unmasked|last=Lloyd Webber|first=Andrew|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=Chapter 33: Miss Sarah Brightman}}
11. ^{{Cite book|title=Programme note to the Las Vegas production|last=Phillips|first=Arlene|publisher=|year=1993|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
12. ^{{Cite book|title=Unmasked|last=Lloyd Webber|first=Andrew|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=Chapter 24: Tell Me on a Sunday}}
13. ^{{Cite book|title=Programme note to The New Starlight Express relaunch|last=Lloyd Webber|first=Andrew|publisher=|year=1992|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
14. ^Lloyd Webber's spoken introduction to the workshop production at The Other Palace, London – September 2017
15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/go/london/theatre/starlight-express-revival-will-put-women-centre-stage-says-arlene-phillips-a3737416.html|title=Starlight Express revival will put women centre stage, says Arlene Phillips|last=|first=|date=|work=Evening Standard|access-date=}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.inition.com/inition/news_starlightexpress_press_release.htm|title=Press Release 2005|work=Inition Website|accessdate=29 June 2008}}
17. ^Theatercrafts
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/news/theatre/london/E8831321890117/Starlight%20Express%20Tours%20From%20Wimbledon,%2010%20May.html|title=mStarlight Express Tours|work=Whatsonstage.com|accessdate=23 November 2011}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://stetsongroup.com/starlight.htm|title=Stetson Group|work=Stetson Group|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012150830/http://stetsongroup.com/starlight.htm|archivedate=October 12, 2008|deadurl=yes|accessdate=5 May 2008}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-19907076/feld-entertainment-tarlight-express-fails-find-niche|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017174052/http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-19907076/feld-entertainment-tarlight-express-fails-find-niche|dead-url=yes|archive-date=October 17, 2015|title=Feld Entertainment's 'Starlight Express' Fails To Find Niche, Pulled From Road|date=October 20, 1997|work=Amusement Business|accessdate=February 8, 2008}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-19560309/feld-entertainment-launches-new-ice-show|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017174052/http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-19560309/feld-entertainment-launches-new-ice-show|dead-url=yes|archive-date=October 17, 2015|title=Feld Entertainment launches new ice show.|last1=Zoltak|first1=James|date=June 30, 1997|work=Amusement Business|accessdate=August 8, 2015}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.reallyuseful.com/news/starlight-express-in-south-africa/|title=Starlight Express in South Africa|work=Really Useful Group|access-date=2018-07-03|language=en-US}}
23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/regional-premiere-of-starlight-express-skates-into-tuacahn-todd-dubail-steven-m-goldsmith-gail-bennett-star-com-206794|title=Regional Premiere of Starlight Express Skates Into Tuacahn; Todd Dubail, Steven M. Goldsmith, Gail Bennett Star {{!}} Playbill|website=Playbill|language=en|access-date=2018-07-03}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=https://themusicalcompany.com/show/starlight-express/|title=License Andrew Lloyd Webber's Starlight Express musical|work=The Musical Company|access-date=2018-07-03|language=en-US}}
25. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EghnAdXjTkA Starlight Express 1987 Tony Awards-MrPoochsmooch on YouTube]
26. ^[https://www.broadwayworld.com/tonyawardsshowinfo.php?showname=Starlight%20Express Tony Awards Info-Broadway World]
27. ^[https://www.broadwayworld.com/tonyawardsshowinfo.php?showname=Starlight%20Express Tony Awards Info-Broadway World]
28. ^[https://www.broadwayworld.com/tonyawardsshowinfo.php?showname=Starlight%20Express Tony Awards Info-Broadway World]
29. ^[https://www.broadwayworld.com/tonyawardsshowinfo.php?showname=Starlight%20Express Tony Awards Info-Broadway World]
30. ^[https://www.broadwayworld.com/tonyawardsshowinfo.php?showname=Starlight%20Express Tony Awards Info-Broadway World]
31. ^[https://www.broadwayworld.com/tonyawardsshowinfo.php?showname=Starlight%20Express Tony Awards Info-Broadway World]
32. ^[https://www.broadwayworld.com/tonyawardsshowinfo.php?showname=Starlight%20Express Tony Awards Info-Broadway World]
33. ^[https://www.amazon.com/Starlight-Express-C-R-STARLIGHT-EXPRESS/dp/B000BSM298/ref=pd_bxgy_15_img_2?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=B000BSM298&pd_rd_r=98ae8918-268d-11e9-b0de-212d94c64fa6&pd_rd_w=MD6hs&pd_rd_wg=ggxvV&pf_rd_p=3f9889ac-6c45-46e8-b515-3af650557207&pf_rd_r=0RPAS3HXGA9T1D3SG38R&psc=1&refRID=0RPAS3HXGA9T1D3SG38R Amazon.com (1984 album)]
34. ^[https://www.amazon.com/Music-Songs-Starlight-Express-Studio/dp/B000002O3X/ref=sr_1_2?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1549072514&sr=1-2&keywords=starlight+express Amazon.com (1987 album)]
35. ^[https://www.amazon.com/Starlight-Express-1992-London-Revival/dp/B000005KOG/ref=pd_sbs_15_2?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=B000005KOG&pd_rd_r=d42ffedb-268d-11e9-ad19-fb6cb727d522&pd_rd_w=KoXzu&pd_rd_wg=s23x7&pf_rd_p=588939de-d3f8-42f1-a3d8-d556eae5797d&pf_rd_r=7M7WEG6PBE31FAB2WYXS&psc=1&refRID=7M7WEG6PBE31FAB2WYXS Amazon.com (1992 album)]