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词条 State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus
释义

  1. Role in political repressions

     KGB officers sanctioned by the EU or the US  Chairmen and Deputy Chairmen  Torture[6]  Sector (Board) commanders  Regional commanders 

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. External links

{{Refimprove|date=September 2014}}{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = State Security Committee (KGB) of the Republic of Belarus
| nativename = Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ) Республики Беларусь
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| type = Special service
| seal =
| seal_width =
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| logo = KGB Belarus crest.svg
| logo_width = 100px
| logo_caption = Emblem of the KGB of Belarus
| picture = File:КГБ РБ.JPG
| picture_width = 200
| picture_caption = KGB headquarters in Minsk
| formed = October 31, 1991
| preceding1 = KGB of the Belarusian SSR
| preceding2 = KGB of the USSR
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = Belarus
| headquarters = Minsk, Belarus
| coordinates =
| motto =
| employees = Undisclosed
| budget = Undisclosed
| minister1_name =
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| minister2_name =
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| deputyminister1_name =
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| deputyminister2_name =
| deputyminister2_pfo =
| chief1_name = Valeriy Vakulchik
| chief1_position = Chairman
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| website = {{URL|http://kgb.by}}
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The State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus ({{lang-ru|Комитет государственной безопасности Республики Беларусь}}, КГБ, KGB; {{lang-be|Камітэт дзяржаўнай бяспекі, КДБ; translit. Kamitet Dziaržaǔnaj Biaspieki, KDB}}) is the national intelligence agency of Belarus. Along with its counterparts in Transnistria and South Ossetia,[1] it is one of the few intelligence agencies that kept the Russian name "KGB" after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, albeit it is lost in translation when written in Belarusian (becoming KDB rather than KGB).

It is the Belarusian successor organization to the KGB of the Soviet Union. Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky, who founded the Cheka – the original Bolshevik intelligence police – was born in what is now Belarus and remains an important figure in the state ideology of Belarus under president Alexander Lukashenko as well as a patron of the KGB of Belarus.

It is governed by the law About State Security Bodies of the Republic of Belarus. [2]

Major General Vadim Zaitsev, who was in charge of Lukashenko's personal security, was appointed its leader in July 2008. His tenure lasted until November 2012 and he was replaced by Valery Vakulchik.[3] The KGB is formally controlled by the president of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko.

Role in political repressions

According to human rights organisations, the United States, and the European Union, the KGB and its senior leadership play a key role in human rights violations and political repressions in Belarus. The KGB has maintained both the name, the symbols and some of the repressive functions of its Soviet predecessor, the KGB of the Soviet Union.

Several dozens former Chairmen and senior officers of the KGB of Belarus have been included in the sanctions lists of the European Union and the United States, especially following the brutal crackdown of peaceful protests that followed the allegedly falsified presidential elections of 2006 and 2010.[4] Against most of them, the sanctions have been lifted in 2016 following an improvement of the Belarus–European Union relations.

KGB officers sanctioned by the EU or the US

Chairmen and Deputy Chairmen

  • Stepan Sukhorenko, Chairman of the KGB in 2005–2007, including during the Belarusian presidential election, 2006. On EU sanctions list in 2006–2016; remains under sanctions by the United States.[5]
  • Vadim Zaitsev, Chairman of the KGB. According to the decision of the European Union, he is “responsible for transforming the KGB into the main organ of repression of civil society and of the democratic opposition” and for state propaganda accusing the protesters of bringing weapons to their rally.” According to the EU, Zaitsev “personally threatened the lives and health of the wife and child of former presidential candidate, Andrei Sannikov. He is the main initiator of orders for unlawful harassment of democratic opposition, the torture of political opponents and the mistreatment of prisoners.”[6]
  • Vasily Dementei, First Deputy Chairman of the KGB; included in the EU sanctions list after crackdown of protests that followed the controversial presidential election of 2006.
  • Igor Andreevich Bakhmatov, former Deputy Chairman of the KGB in charge of the staff and the organisation of their tasks, responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition.[6]
  • Vasili Ivanovich Dementey, former First deputy Chairman of the KGB (2005–2007); responsible for repressions against civil society and the democratic opposition, in particular after the presidential election of 2006 and in 2007.
  • Viktor Pavlovich Vegera, First Deputy Chairman of the KGB.
  • Leonid Nikolaevich Dedkov, Deputy Chairman of the KGB.
  • Nikolai Zinovievich Smolenski, former Deputy Chairman of the KGB.
  • Nikolai Konstantinovich Svorob, former Deputy Chairman of the KGB.
  • Petr Vladimirovich Tretiak, former Deputy Chairman of the KGB and Member of the Commission of the Security Council on radio frequencies.
  • Ivan Stanislavovich Tertel, Deputy Chairman of the KGB, in charge of economic crime and the fight against corruption.

Torture[6]

  • Colonel Orlov, Alexandr Vladimirovich, head of the KGB detention centre in Minsk: according to the EU, he was personally responsible for "cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment of detainees" in the weeks and months after the crackdown on the protests in Minsk on 19 December 2010, on the eve of the 2010 presidential election. He has been on EU sanctions list between 2011 and 2016
  • Colonel Chernyshev, Oleg Anatolievich; he allegedly personally participated in tortures of opposition activists in the KGB detention centre in Minsk after the crackdown on the post-election protest demonstration in Minsk on 19 December 2010
  • Lieutenant-Colonel Sukhov, Dmitri Vyacheslavovich, operative of the military counter-intelligence of the KGB; accused of falsifying evidence and using threats in order to extort confessions from detained opposition activists in the KGB detention centre in Minsk after the crackdown on the post-election protest demonstration in Minsk on 19 December 2010
  • Lieutenant Colonel Traulko, Pavel, former operative of the military counter-intelligence of the KGB, then head of the press service of the newly formed Investigative Committee of Belarus. He is accused of falsifying evidence and using threats in order to extort confessions from opposition activists in the KGB detention centre in Minsk after 19 December 2010. According to the EU, he was directly responsible for the use of “cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment and for denying the right to a fair trial”

Sector (Board) commanders

  • Yaruta, Viktor Gueorguevich, Head of the KGB Board on State Communications
  • Maslakov, Valeri Anatolievich, Head of the KGB Board of Intelligence
  • Shugaev, Sergei Mikhailovich, Head of the KGB Counter-Intelligence Division and former Deputy Head of the KGB Counter-Intelligence Board
  • Sanko, Ivan Ivanovich, Major, senior investigator of the KGB
  • Tolstashov, Aleksandr Olegovich, Head of the KGB Board on Protection of the Constitutional Order and Fight Against Terrorism
  • Voropaev, Igor Grigorievich, former Head of the KGB Board on State Communications
  • Volkov, Sergei Mikhailovich, former Head of the KGB Board of Intelligence
  • Zakharov, Alexey Ivanovich, former Head of Military Counter-intelligence Board of the KGB

Regional commanders

In 2011, commanders of the KGB in the regions of Belarus were accused by the EU of being responsible for political repressions in their regions:[6]

  • Busko, Igor Yevgenyevich, Head of the KGB of the Brest Region;
  • Gerasimenko, Gennadi Anatolievich, former Head of the KGB of the Vitebsk Region
  • Kalach, Vladimir Viktorovich, Head of the KGB of the Minsk Region and the city of Minsk, former Deputy Head of the KGB for Minsk
  • Korzh, Ivan Alekseevich, Head of the KGB of the Hrodna Region
  • Kuznetsov, Igor Nikonovich, former Head of the KGB in the Minsk Region and in Minsk city
  • Leskovski, Ivan Anatolievich, Head of the KGB for Homel and former Deputy Head of the KGB for Homel
  • Sergeenko, Igor Petrovich, Head of the KGB of the City District of Mahiliou

See also

  • Human rights in Belarus
  • List of people and organizations sanctioned in relation to human rights violations in Belarus

References

1. ^{{cite news|title=South Ossetian KGB Says Situation Could Get Out Of Control|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/south_ossetia_tense_after_vote/24408072.html|accessdate=22 February 2014|newspaper=Radio Free Europe|date=1 December 2011}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kgb.by/en/|title=The State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus|website=www.kgb.by|accessdate=3 March 2018}}
3. ^{{cite news|title=Belarusian KGB's new chief is Valery Vakulchik|url=http://www.diplonews.com/feeds/free/20_November_2012_283.php|accessdate=31 March 2013|newspaper=DiploNews|date=20 November 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219043807/http://www.diplonews.com/feeds/free/20_November_2012_283.php|archivedate=19 December 2012|df=}}
4. ^[https://nn.by/?c=ar&i=61552 Поўны спіс 208 беларускіх чыноўнікаў, якім забаронены ўезд у ЕС] - Nasha Niva, 11.10.2011
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=1492|title=Sanctions List Search|website=sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov|accessdate=3 March 2018}}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2012/642/oj|title=EUR-Lex - 32012D0642 - EN - EUR-Lex|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|accessdate=3 March 2018}}

External links

  • Official site of the State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus {{en icon}}
{{Law enforcement in Belarus}}{{External national intelligence agencies}}{{Coord|53|53|56|N|27|33|16|E|region:BY_type:landmark|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Belarus, State Security Agency}}

4 : Law enforcement agencies of Belarus|Intelligence agencies|Secret police|Torture in Belarus
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