| 词条 | Operation Septentrion |
| 释义 |
| conflict = Operation Septentrion | partof = the War in Afghanistan | image = | caption = | alt = | date = December 16–18, 2009 | place = Uzbin Valley, Afghanistan | coordinates = | map_type = | latitude = | longitude = | map_size = | map_marksize = | map_caption = | map_label = | territory = | result = | status = | combatant1 = International Security Assistance Force | combatant2 = Taliban | combatant3 = | combatant4 = | commander1 = Lieutenant-Colonel Hervé Wallerand | commander2 = | commander3 = | units1 = {{•}}French Foreign Legion {{•}}United States Special Forces {{•}}Afghan National Army (ANA) | units2 = | units3 = | strength1 = {{•}}750–800 (French Foreign Legion) {{•}}200 (United States Special Forces){{Which|date=February 2012}} {{•}}(Afghan National Army) | strength2 = | strength3 = | casualties1 = | casualties2 = | casualties3 = | notes = | campaignbox = }}Operation Septentrion was a 36-hour military operation of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), a NATO-led security mission, that took place December 16–18, 2009, in the Uzbin Valley of eastern Afghanistan.[1][2][3][4] A part of the War in Afghanistan, it involved a force of 1,100 troops, including 750 or 800 members of the French Foreign Legion, 200 United States Special Forces and Afghan National Army (ANA) soldiers.[1][6] BackgroundSixteen months before the operation, the Uzbin Valley ambush, on August 18, 2008, by the Taliban in the area of Surobi, Afghanistan, had killed ten French soldiers and wounded twenty-one.[3][8] GoalsThe operation's purpose was "reaffirming the sovereignty of Afghan security forces in the north of the Uzbeen{{sic}} Valley", according to a French military spokesperson,[5] as well as to plant the Afghan flag in what was called a key strategic village.{{Which|date=February 2012}}[2][4] (While 75 percent of the Uzbin Valley had been under ISAF control, the rest of the valley had been under the control of the Taliban.)[4] FightingDuring more than 90 minutes of combat,[2] several US soldiers were wounded,[6] including three serious injuries.[5] The Taliban fighters attacked with rocket-propelled grenades, mortars and heavy machine gun fire; for the coalition forces, the French troops used shells,{{Clarify|date=February 2012}} backed up by French Tigre and US Apache helicopters[2] and fighter jets.[5] At least one Taliban fighter was killed and three were injured, according to Lieutenant-Colonel Hervé Wallerand, who led the operation.[4][5][7] StrategyThe French employed what was called the "Mikado strategy" (la stratégie du Mikado), after the game Mikado (known in North America as "pick-up sticks"),[1] because of the need to plan every move carefully with constant awareness that one wrong step could risk everything being lost.[8] In particular, the Mikado strategy emphasizes consulting with local inhabitants in a shura[1] (or consultation) to minimize the risk of local civilians conspiring against the ANA and ISAF forces.[9] For this reason the operation was preceded by "weeks of negotiations with local villagers", according to the BBC News.[3] AftermathIn July 2011, the Croix de la Valeur Militaire ("cross of military valour"), a French military decoration, was presented to five Americans – Cpt. Thomas Harper, Master Sgt. David Nuemer, Sgt. 1st Class Ryan Ahern, Staff Sgt. Casey Roberts and Sgt. Ryan Meister – for their service during the operation.[10][11] See also{{portal|Afghanistan|Military history of France|Military of the United States|NATO}}
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | author = Staff | url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/afghanistan/actualites/18-12-09-afghanistan-operation-septentrion-la-strategie-des-mikados-video |date=June 28, 2010 |accessdate= January 21, 2012 |publisher= French Ministry of Defense |title=18/12/09 – Afghanistan: opération " Septentrion ", la stratégie des Mikados (vidéo) |trans-title=18/12/09 – Afghanistan: Operation 'Septentrion', the Mikado Strategy | language = French}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hbKgPKnkMqI0k6GdTP4uP3OTcx9g |author= Talbi, Karim | publisher = Agence France-Presse (via Google News) |title= Afghanistan: démonstration de force de la Légion, cinq Américains blessés |trans-title=Afghanistan: Demonstration of Force of the French Foreign Legion, Five Americans Wounded | language = French |date= December 18, 2009 |accessdate= January 21, 2012}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web | author = Staff | title=French Troops Spearhead Assault in Afghanistan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8419645.stm | publisher = BBC News |date= December 17, 2009 |accessdate= January 21, 2012}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | author = Staff | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8419829.stm |title=French Afghan Assault Concludes |date= December 18, 2009 |accessdate= January 21, 2012 | publisher = BBC News}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news | author = Staff | url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-12-18/french-foreign-legion-launches-afghan-assault/1183064 |title=French Foreign Legion Launches Afghan Assault | publisher = Agence France Presse (via ABC News) |date= December 18, 2009 |accessdate= January 21, 2012}} 6. ^1 {{cite news | author = Staff | title=French Troops Lead Afghan Attack on Taliban – Some 800 French Legionnaires Backed by 200 U.S. Special Forces and Afghan Soldiers Have Gone on an Offensive in a Valley in Afghanistan Where the Taliban Killed 10 French Soldiers Last Year, the French Military Said Thursday | publisher = Associated Press (via The Seattle Times) |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2010535631_apeufranceafghanistan.html |date= December 17, 2009 |accessdate= January 21, 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web | author = Staff | url=http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2009/12/17/800-legionnaires-francais-engages-dans-une-demonstration-de-force-en-afghanistan_1282400_3216.html |title=800 légionnaires français engagés dans une 'démonstration de force' en Afghanistan |trans-title=800 Members of the French Foreign Legion Were Engaged in a 'Demonstration of Force' in Afghanistan | language = French | date= December 17, 2009 |work= Le Monde |accessdate= February 7, 2012}} 8. ^{{cite book |title=Le GTIA "Surobi" d'août 2009 à janvier 2010 |trans-title=The Joint Tactical Group of Surobi from August 2009 to January 2010 | language = French | author=Durieux, Benoît |url=http://www.cesat.terre.defense.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/cahier_21.pdf | format = PDF; requires Adobe Acrobat | page=18 |quote=Tout ceci fait un peu référence au jeu du «mikado», ce jeu de baguettes imbriquées où il faut les retirer une à une sans faire bouger les autres. Pour jouer, il faut d'abord bien saisir comment se présente l'équilibre des différentes petites baguettes entre elles. En Afghanistan, c'est exactement la même chose. Si on fait un geste de travers, on risque de tout faire tomber et de perdre. Mais en même temps, parfois, un seul joli coup peut faire régler la situation de manière durable; on peut alors gagner assez vite. |work= Les Cahiers du CESAT nº 21 |date=October 2010}} 9. ^{{cite web |author= Forestier, Patrick |title=Raid de nuit en Afghanistan |trans-title=Night Raid in Afghanistan | language = French |date= November 13, 2009 |accessdate= January 25, 2012 |url=http://www.parismatch.com/Actu-Match/Monde/Actu/Raid-de-nuit-en-Afghanistan-144253/ |work= Paris Match}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/actualites/articles2/6-soldats-americains-recoivent-la-cvm |publisher= French Ministry of Defense |title= Six soldats américains reçoivent la Croix de la valeur militaire |trans-title=Six American Soldiers Receive the Croix de la Valeur Militaire | language = French | author= Bobbera, Carine |date= July 28, 2011 |accessdate= January 21, 2012}} 11. ^{{cite news |publisher= National Guard Bureau (via the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs) |title=France Honors National Guard Special Forces for Service in Afghanistan |author= Greenhill, Jim (Army Staff Sgt.) |date= July 26, 2011 |accessdate= January 21, 2012 |url=http://ra.defense.gov/news/main/sof.html}} External links
5 : 2009 in Afghanistan|Military operations of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present) involving France|Military operations of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present) involving the United States|NATO operations in Afghanistan|Recipients of the Cross for Military Valour |
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