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词条 Orders of magnitude (acceleration)
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

This page lists examples of the acceleration occurring in various situations. They are grouped by orders of magnitude.

Factor
[m/s2]		 Multiple Reference frame Value[g] Item
{{10^|0}}{{nowrap|1 m/s2}}inertial0 m/s20 g The gyro rotors in Gravity Probe B and the free-floating
proof masses in the TRIAD I navigation satellite[1]
inertial≈ 0 m/s2≈ 0 g Weightless parabola in a reduced-gravity aircraft
lab{{nowrap|5{{e|-14}} m/s2}}{{nowrap|5{{e|-15}} g}} Smallest acceleration in a scientific experiment[2]
lab0.25 m/s20.026 gdate=August 2016}}
inertial1.62 m/s20.1654 gdate=August 2016}}
lab4.3 m/s20.44 gdate=August 2016}}
inertial{{nowrap|9.80665 m/s2}}1 g Standard gravity, the gravity acceleration on Earth at sea level standard[3]
1011 dam/s2inertial11.2 m/s21.14 gdate=August 2016}}
inertial15.2 m/s21.55 g100 km/h}} in {{nowrap|2.4 s}} (the net acceleration vector including gravitational acceleration is directed 40 degrees from horizontal{{citation needed|date=August 2016}})
inertial29 m/s23 gdate=August 2016}}
inertial{{nowrap|29 m/s2}}3 g Sustainable for > 25 seconds, for a human[3]
inertial{{nowrap|34 – 62 m/s2}}{{nowrap| 3.5 – 6.3}} g[3]{{rp>340}}
lab?41 m/s24.2 gdate=August 2016}}
inertial{{nowrap|49 m/s2}}5 g Causes disorientation, dizziness and fainting in humans[4]
lab?49+ m/s25+ gdate=August 2016}}
inertial?51 m/s25.2 gdate=August 2016}}
lab{{nowrap|49 – 59 m/s2}}{{nowrap| 5 – 6 g}} Formula One car, peak lateral in turns[5]
inertial59 m/s26 g Parachutist peak during normal opening of parachute[6]
inertial{{nowrap|+69 / -49}} m/s2{{nowrap| +7 / -5 g}}date=August 2016}}
inertial70.6 m/s27.19 g Apollo 16 on reentry[7]
inertial79 m/s28 gdate=August 2016}}
inertial{{nowrap|88 m/s2}}9 gdate=August 2016}}
inertial{{nowrap|88 – 118 m/s2}}{{nowrap| 9 – 12 g}} Typical maximum turn acceleration in an aerobatic plane or fighter jet[8]
{{10^|2}}1 hm/s2inertial147 m/s215 gdate=August 2016}}
{{nowrap|177 m/s2}}18 g Physical damage in humans like broken capillaries[4]
{{nowrap|209 m/s2}}21.3 g Peak acceleration experienced by cosmonauts during the Soyuz 18a abort[9]
{{nowrap|333 m/s2}}34 g Peak deceleration of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule on reentry to Earth[10]
{{nowrap|454 m/s2}}46.2 g Maximum acceleration a human has survived on a rocket sled[4]
{{nowrap|> 491 m/s2}}> 50 gdate=August 2016}}
982 m/s2100 g Sprint missile[11]
982 m/s2100 g Automobile crash (100 km/h into wall)[12]
{{nowrap|> 982 m/s2}}{{nowrap|> 100 g}} Brief human exposure survived in crash[13]
{{nowrap|982 m/s2}}100 gdate=August 2016}}
{{10^|3}}1 km/s2inertial
≈ lab		{{nowrap|1540 m/s2}}157 g Peak acceleration of fastest rocket sled run[14]
1964 m/s2200 g 3.5" hard disc non-operating shock tolerance for 2 ms, weight 0.6 kg[15]
2098 m/s2214 g Highest recorded amount of g-force exposed and survived by a human (Peak deceleration experienced by Kenny Bräck in a crash at the 2003 Chevy 500)[16][17]
2490 m/s2254 g Peak deceleration experienced by Jules Bianchi in crash of Marussia MR03, 2014 Japanese Grand Prix[18]
2946 m/s2300 gdate=August 2016}}
3200 m/s2320 g A jumping human flea[19]
3800 m/s2380 g A jumping click beetle[20]
{{10^|4}}10 km/s2{{nowrap|11 768 m/s2}}{{nowrap|1200 g}} Deceleration of the head of a woodpecker[21]
{{nowrap|17 680 m/s2}}{{nowrap|1800 g}}1 km}} and a muzzle velocity of {{nowrap|6 km/s}},
as proposed by Quicklaunch (assuming constant acceleration)
29460 m/s23000 g Baseball struck by bat[12]
{{nowrap|>49 100 m/s2}}{{nowrap|> 5000 g}} Shock capability of mechanical wrist watches[22]
{{nowrap|84 450 m/s2}}{{nowrap|8600 g}} Current Formula One engines, maximum piston acceleration[23]
{{10^|5}}100 km/s2{{nowrap|102 000 m/s2}}{{nowrap|10 400 g}} A mantis shrimp punch[24]
{{nowrap|152 210 m/s2}}{{nowrap|15 500 g}} Rating of electronics built into military artillery shells[25]
{{nowrap|196 400 m/s2}}{{nowrap|20 000 g}} Spore acceleration of the Pilobolus fungi[26]
{{nowrap|304 420 m/s2}}{{nowrap|31 000 g}}date=August 2016}}[27]
{{10^|6}}1 Mm/s2{{nowrap|1 000 000 m/s2}}{{nowrap|100 000 g}} Closing jaws of a trap-jaw ant[28]
{{nowrap|1 865 800 m/s2}}{{nowrap|190 000 g}}date=August 2016}}[29]
{{nowrap|3 800 000 m/s2}}{{nowrap|390 000 g}} Surface gravity of white dwarf Sirius B[30]
{{nowrap|3 900 000 m/s2}}{{nowrap|slightly below 400 000 g}} Ultracentrifuge[31]
{{10^|7}}10 Mm/s2{{nowrap|53 000 000 m/s2}}{{nowrap|5 400 000 g}} Jellyfish stinger[32]
{{10^|12}}1 Tm/s27{{e|12}} m/s27{{e|11}} gdate=August 2016}}
2.1{{e|13}} m/s22.1{{e|12}} g Protons in the Large Hadron Collider[33]
{{10^|21}}1 Zm/s221}} m/s2{{nowrap|9.33{{e|20}}}} gClassical (Bohr model) acceleration of an electron around a 1H nucleus.
176{{e|21}} m/s21.79{{e|22}} g Electrons in a 1 TV/m wakefield accelerator[34]
{{10^|51}}{{nowrap|1051 m/s2}}{{nowrap|5.561{{e|51}} m/s2}}{{nowrap|5.67{{e|50}}}} gPlanck acceleration[35]

See also

  • G-force
  • Gravitational acceleration
  • Mechanical shock
  • Standard gravity
  • International System of Units (SI)
  • SI prefix

References

1. ^Stanford University: Gravity Probe B, Payload & Spacecraft, and NASA: Investigation of Drag-Free Control Technology for Earth Science Constellation Missions. The TRIAD 1 satellite was a later, more advanced navigation satellite that was part of the U.S. Navy’s Transit, or NAVSAT system.
2. ^{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.150801|pmid = 17501332|bibcode = 2007PhRvL..98o0801G|title = Laboratory Test of Newton's Second Law for Small Accelerations|journal = Physical Review Letters|volume = 98|issue = 15|pages = 150801|last1 = Gundlach|first1 = J. H|last2 = Schlamminger|first2 = S|last3 = Spitzer|first3 = C. D|last4 = Choi|first4 = K. -Y|last5 = Woodahl|first5 = B. A|last6 = Coy|first6 = J. J|last7 = Fischbach|first7 = E|year = 2007}}
3. ^George Bibel. Beyond the Black Box: the Forensics of Airplane Crashes. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. {{ISBN|0-8018-8631-7}}.
4. ^1 2 3 4 csel.eng.ohio-state.edu - High Acceleration and the Human Body, Martin Voshell, November 28, 2004 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819225557/http://csel.eng.ohio-state.edu/voshell/gforce.pdf |date=August 19, 2014 }}
5. ^6 g has been recorded in the 130R turn at Suzuka circuit, Japan.   Many turns have 5 g peak values, like turn 8 at Istanbul or Eau Rouge at Spa
6. ^http://www.pcprg.com/g-forces.htm
7. ^NASA: [https://history.nasa.gov/SP-368/s2ch5.htm SP-368 Biomedical Results of Apollo, Chapter 5: Environmental Factors, Table 2: Apollo Manned Space Flight Reentry G Levels]
8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20627562-200-maxed-out-how-many-gs-can-you-pull/|title=Maxed out: How many gs can you pull?|work=New Scientist|access-date=2017-11-19|language=en-US}}
9. ^{{cite book | title= Soyuz, A Universal Spacecraft | last= Hall | first= Rex |author2=David Shayler | year= 2003 | page= 193 | publisher= Springer Praxis| isbn= 978-1-85233-657-8}}
10. ^{{Cite journal | last=ReVelle | first=D. O. | first2=W. N. | last2=Edwards | date=2007 | title=Stardust—An artificial, low-velocity "meteor" fall and recovery: 15 January 2006 | journal=Meteoritics and Planetary Science | volume=42 | issue=2 | pages=271 | doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00232.x | bibcode=2007M&PS...42..271R }}
11. ^Sprint
12. ^1 tomshardware.co.uk - Hard Drive Shock Tolerance - Hard-Disks - Storage, Physics, by O'hanian, 1989, 2007-01-03
13. ^“Several Indy car drivers have withstood impacts in excess of 100 G without serious injuries.” Dennis F. Shanahan, M.D., M.P.H.: ”Human Tolerance and Crash Survivability, citing Society of Automotive Engineers. Indy racecar crash analysis. Automotive Engineering International, June 1999, 87–90. And National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Recording Automotive Crash Event Data
14. ^http://www.holloman.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=6130&page=1
15. ^wdc.com - Legacy Product Specifications : WD600BB, read 2012-01-11
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kennybrack.com/pages/personal-info/2003.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718070038/http://www.kennybrack.com/pages/personal-info/2003.html |archivedate=2013-07-18 |df= }}
17. ^Feel the G's: The Science of Gravity and G-Forces - by Suzanne Slade (page 37)
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/formula-1-bianchi-crash-impact-254g-103939864--f1.html|title=Formula 1 - Bianchi crash impact was 254g|date=23 July 2015|website=uk.eurosport.yahoo.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723230530/https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/formula-1-bianchi-crash-impact-254g-103939864--f1.html|archive-date=23 July 2015}}
19. ^{{Cite journal|title=The jump of the click beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae)—a preliminary study|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=167|issue=3|pages=319–336|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb03115.x|year=2009|last1=Evans|first1=M. E. G}}
20. ^http://www.its.caltech.edu/~biomech/papers/BennetClarkLucey1967.pdf
21. ^{{cite journal| title=A mechanical analysis of woodpecker drumming and its application to shock-absorbing systems | journal=Bioinspiration & Biomimetics | date= 17 January 2011 |author1=S-H Yoon |author2=S Park | volume=6 | number=1 |pages=12 | url=http://invenio2.unizar.es/record/7674/files/TAZ-PFC-2012-311_ANE.pdf | format=PDF | accessdate=10 January 2016 | bibcode=2011BiBi....6a6003Y | doi=10.1088/1748-3182/6/1/016003 | pmid=21245520 }}
22. ^Omega  , Ball Watch Technology
23. ^Cosworth V8 engine ; Up to 10,000 g before rev limits
24. ^{{cite journal |author=S. N. Patek, W. L. Korff & R. L. Caldwell |year=2004 |journal=Nature |volume=428 |pages=819–820 |title=Deadly strike mechanism of a mantis shrimp |doi=10.1038/428819a |pmid=15103366 |issue=6985 |bibcode=2004Natur.428..819P |url=http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/pateklab/sites/www.bio.umass.edu.biology.pateklab/files/Pateketal2004Nature.pdf |format=PDF}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=L-3 Communication's IEC Awarded Contract with Raytheon for Common Air Launched Navigation System|url=http://www2.l-3com.com/iec/news/r_%20pr/032003.htm}}
26. ^bu.edu - Rockets in Horse Poop, 2010-12-10
27. ^Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a muzzle velocity of {{convert|350|m/s}}, and a 102 mm barrel.
28. ^{{cite journal| title=Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | date=22 August 2006 |vauthors=Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV | volume=103 | issue=34 | pages=12787–12792 | doi= 10.1073/pnas.0604290103 | url=http://www.pnas.org/content/103/34/12787.full.pdf+html | format=PDF | accessdate=7 June 2008 | pmid=16924120 | pmc=1568925 | bibcode=2006PNAS..10312787P }}
29. ^Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a peak pressure of {{convert|240|MPa|abbr=on}} and 440 N of friction.
30. ^{{cite journal | last=Holberg | first=J. B. | author2=Barstow, M. A. | author3=Bruhweiler, F. C. | author4=Cruise, A. M. | author5=Penny, A. J. | title=Sirius B: A New, More Accurate View | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | date=1998 | volume=497 | issue=2 | pages=935–942 | doi=10.1086/305489 | bibcode=1998ApJ...497..935H | ref=harv }}
31. ^Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 1, Mechanics, fig. 4.1 (authors Kittel-Knight-Ruderman, 1973 edition)
32. ^{{cite journal|title=Immunological and Toxinological Responses to Jellyfish Stings|journal=Inflammation & Allergy Drug Targets|volume=10|issue=5|pages=438–446|pmc=3773479|year=2011|last1=Tibballs|first1=J|last2=Yanagihara|first2=A. A|last3=Turner|first3=H. C|last4=Winkel|first4=K|pmid=21824077}}
33. ^Calculated from their speed and radius, approximating the LHC as a circle.
34. ^{{Cite journal |arxiv = 1002.1976|bibcode = 2011NIMPA.653...98R|title = Teravolt-per-meter beam and plasma fields from low-charge femtosecond electron beams|journal = Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A|volume = 653|issue = 1|pages = 98|last1 = Rosenzweig|first1 = J. B|last2 = Andonian|first2 = G|last3 = Bucksbaum|first3 = P|last4 = Ferrario|first4 = M|last5 = Full|first5 = S|last6 = Fukusawa|first6 = A|last7 = Hemsing|first7 = E|last8 = Hidding|first8 = B|last9 = Hogan|first9 = M|last10 = Krejcik|first10 = P|last11 = Muggli|first11 = P|last12 = Marcus|first12 = G|last13 = Marinelli|first13 = A|last14 = Musumeci|first14 = P|last15 = O'Shea|first15 = B|last16 = Pellegrini|first16 = C|last17 = Schiller|first17 = D|last18 = Travish|first18 = G|year = 2011|doi = 10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.073}}
35. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=speed+of+light+%2F+Planck+time|title=Wolfram{{!}}Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine|website=www.wolframalpha.com|access-date=2016-07-25}}
{{Orders of magnitude}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Orders Of Magnitude (Power)}}

2 : Orders of magnitude|Units of acceleration
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