“Steam dummy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A steam dummy or dummy engine, in the United States and Canada, was a steam locomotive enclosed in a wooden box structure made to resemble a railroad passenger coach.^[1] Steam dummies had some popularity in the first decades of railroading in the U.S., from the 1830s but passed from favor after the Civil War.{{Dubious|Post Civil War use|date=August 2017}} In Europe, locomotives of this type were described as Tram engines.

Overview

It was thought that the more familiar appearance of a coach presented by a steam dummy, as compared to a conventional steam locomotive, would be less likely to frighten horses when these trains had to operate in city streets.^[2]^[3] Later it was discovered that it was actually the noise and motion of the operating gear of a steam engine that frightened horses, rather than the unfamiliar outlines of a steam engine.

Production

Baldwin Locomotive Works manufactured Steam Dummy or Steam Motors for many American tramways.^[4] Baldwin exported to places such as Sydney, Australia - where they were known as 'steam tram motors' - and New Zealand, where two both built in 1891 survive at Museums today.

H. K. Porter, Inc. preferred the term "noisless steam street motor" in their 20th-century catalog, although they used the term "dummy" (in quotes) in the 19th century. In the 20th century, they offered 0-4-0 and 0-4-2 wheel arrangements.^[5] In the 19th century, they also offered a double-ended dummy with a 2-4-2 wheel arrangement.^[6] Porter recommended using anthracite or coke as a fuel in order to avoid smoke. Side flaps to hide the mechanism were optional. Operating speeds between {{convert|15|and|25|mph|km/h|lk=in}} were reported by 19th-century users.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book|author=Debra Brill|title=History of the J.G. Brill Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eqKKrMi3FIIC&pg=PA15|year=2001|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-33949-9|pages=15–}}
2. ^{{cite book|author=Ralcon Wagner|title=Nashville's Streetcars and Interurban Railways|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tv62DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|date=3 October 2016|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-1-4671-1686-2|pages=7–}}
3. ^{{cite book|author=Jeff Suess|title=Lost Cincinnati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FQqsCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|date=22 June 2015|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-1-62619-575-2|pages=41–}}
4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=TreSf6lRDygC&pg=PA150 Baldwin Locomotive Works Illustrated Catalogue of Locomotives, 2nd Ed.], Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1881; pages 150-152, with photograph.
5. ^[https://archive.org/stream/lightlocomotives00hkporich#page/102/mode/1up H. K. Porter Company Builders of Light Light Locomotives, 10th Ed.], Pittsburgh, 1908; pages 102-105, with photos.
6. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=q5VEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA61 Light Locomotives, 6th Ed.], H. K. Porter & Co., Pittsburgh, 1889; pages 32-33 (0-4-0) and 42-45 (0-4-2 and 2-4-2), 61-66 descriptive text, 94-95 empirical use data.