| 词条 | Osnabrück mortar attack |
| 释义 |
| title = Osnabrück mortar attack | partof =the Troubles | image = Spartan IMG 1545.jpg | image_size = 300px | alt = | caption = A Spartan armoured carrier, a type of vehicle deployed at Osnabrück as part of the 4th Armoured Brigade | map = {{Location map|Germany |relief = yes | width = 250 | lat = 52.300278 | long = 7.983056 | marksize = 5 | caption = }} | location = Osnabrück, Germany | target =British Army Quebec barracks | coordinates = {{coord|52|18|1|N|7|58|59|E}} | date = 28 June 1996 | time = 18:50 | timezone = 00 | type = Mortar | fatalities = 0 | injuries = 0 | victim = | perps = | perp = | perpetrators=Provisional IRA | perpetrator = | susperps = | susperp = | weapons = | numparts = | numpart = | dfens = | dfen = | footage = }} The Osnabrück mortar attack was an improvised mortar attack carried out by a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) unit based in mainland Europe on 28 June 1996 against the British Army's Quebec Barracks at Osnabrück Garrison near Osnabrück, Germany. BackgroundThe main participants in the Troubles, in particular the British Government and the IRA, had accepted by the early 1990s that they could not resolve the conflict by force. The IRA believed that greater progress towards republican objectives might be achieved by negotiation.[1] In this context, the IRA declared a "permanent cessation" of hostilities on 31 August 1994.[2] The IRA called off this ceasefire on 9 February 1996 because of the exclusion of Sinn Féin from the peace talks. They ended the truce by detonating a truck bomb at Canary Wharf in London, which caused serious damage to property and, despite advance warning from the IRA, the deaths of two civilians. In early June 1996, another truck bomb devastated Manchester city centre. The Provisional IRA activities of 1996–1997 were used to gain leverage in negotiations with the British government during the period.[3] The attackThe attack took place at 18:50, local time, when three Mark 15[4] mortar bombs were launched from a Ford Transit van. The devices contained more than 180 lb (81.64 kg) of explosive in each projectile. The van had been modified by a former British Army engineer, Michael Dickson, who built the launch platform and aimed the tubes towards the barracks.[5] The tubes were screwed to the floor of the van and masked with tarpaulins.[5] Two of the bombs fell short of the perimeter fence and failed to explode, but the third went off 20 yards (18.3 mt) inside the base, leaving a crater near a petrol pump. No fire was ignited, but several buildings, cars and armoured vehicles[6] were damaged by the blast.[7][8] The destruction was described as 'substantial'.[9] There were 150 soldiers inside the facilities at the time,[10] but none were injured.[9] An explosive charge was left in the vehicle with the intention of destroying forensic evidence, but the intact van's plates allowed it to be traced to Yorkshire.[8] The IRA unit was composed of five members, two of them women, who had rented a holiday home in northern Germany where they built the mortar launchers. Dickson later claimed at his trial that he had no experience in handling explosives during his career in the British Army's Royal Engineers. Dickson had served in several British bases in Germany, but never in Northern Ireland. Róisín McAliskey (daughter of republican activist Bernadette Devlin McAliskey) and Jimmy Corrie were also suspected of being members of the cell. The primary aim of the IRA with these events was reportedly to establish a permanent presence in mainland Europe.[10] AftermathJohn Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, said that the assault showed how the IRA and Sinn Féin were isolating themselves from the peace process.[8] John Bruton, Taoiseach of Ireland, described the IRA strategy as "utterly pointless".[11]Whereas in 1994–95, the British Conservative Party government had refused to enter public talks with Sinn Féin until the IRA had given up its weapons, the Labour Party government in power by 1997 was prepared to include Sinn Féin in peace talks before IRA decommissioning. This precondition was officially dropped in June 1997.[12] Michael Dickson was arrested in December 2002 on an international arrest warrant relating to the 1996 mortar attack whilst he was driving a lorry-load of contraband cigarettes and tobacco at Ruzyne Airport in the Czech Republic. He was extradited to Germany and sentenced to six and a half years for attempted murder and setting off an explosion.[10] He served his sentence in Celle maximum security prison in Germany, and was released after serving 27 months of his sentence.[13] Róisin McAliskey battled successfully against the extradition warrant issued by Germany.[9] See also{{Campaignbox Northern Ireland Troubles|state=collapsed}}
References1. ^Taylor, Peter (1999). Behind the mask: The IRA and Sinn Féin, Chapter 21: Stalemate, pp. 246–261. {{ISBN|1-57500-077-6}}, {{coord|52|18|1|N|7|58|59|E|display=title}}{{PIRA}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Osnabruck mortar attack}}2. ^CAIN – Chronology of events – August 1994 3. ^O'Brien, Brendan (1999). The Long War – The IRA and Sinn Féin. Syracuse University Press, pp. 370–371. {{ISBN|0-8156-0319-3}} 4. ^Geraghty, Tony (2000). The Irish War. Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 193. {{ISBN|0-00-255617-0}} 5. ^Barnaby, Frank (1996). Instruments of terror. Vision Paperbacks, p. 30; {{ISBN|1-901250-01-6}} 6. ^Former soldier wanted over base attack BBC News, 28 January 2003 7. ^[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/terrorists-in-mortar-attack-on-barracks-1339224.html Terrorists in mortar attack on barracks] The Independent, 29 June 1996 8. ^1 2 [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/plates-on-bomb-van-traced-to-yorkshire-1339411.html Plates on bomb van traced to Yorkshire] The Independent, 30 June 1996 9. ^1 2 "McAliskey extradition bid refused" BBC News, 23 November 2007 10. ^1 2 3 "Ex-soldier jailed for IRA attack on base", Irish Independent, 24 December 2003 11. ^Irish leader slams IRA The Palm Beach Post, 1 July 1996 12. ^Maillot, Agnès (2005). New Sinn Féin: Irish republicanism in the twenty-first century. Routledge, p. 32. {{ISBN|0-415-32197-2}} 13. ^Scot IRA Bomber back on the streets The Daily Record, 7 March 2006 17 : Osnabrück|1996 crimes in Germany|Provisional Irish Republican Army actions|Conflicts in 1996|Improvised explosive device bombings in Germany|Battles and conflicts without fatalities|British forces in Germany|20th-century history of the British Army|Explosions in 1996|20th century in Lower Saxony|1996 in military history|Military actions and engagements during the Troubles (Northern Ireland)|Crime in Lower Saxony|June 1996 events|Attacks on military installations|Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany|Terrorist incidents in Germany |
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