| 词条 | Otterburn Tower |
| 释义 |
| name = Otterburn Tower | native_name = | former_names = | alternate_names = | image = | alt = | caption = | map_alt = | map_caption = | altitude = | building_type = | architectural_style = | structural_system = | cost = | client = | owner = | current_tenants = | landlord = | location =Otterburn, Northumberland, England |map_type=Northumberland | coordinates = {{Coord|55|13|57|N|2|10|40|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | start_date = | completion_date = 1086 1830 | inauguration_date = | renovation_date = | demolition_date = | destruction_date = | height = | diameter = | floor_count = | floor_area = | main_contractor = | architect = | architecture_firm = | structural_engineer = | services_engineer = | civil_engineer = | awards = | url = | references = }} Otterburn Tower (sometimes spelled Otiburne; originally Otterburn Castle; currently Otterburn Tower Hotel)[1] is a Grade II listed castellated, three star country house hotel in Otterburn, Northumberland. It is set in {{Convert|32|acre}} of deer park and woodland in the Northumberland National Park in northeastern England. Founded by a cousin of William the Conqueror in 1086, it was later owned by the Clan Hall, before being rebuilt in 1830 by Thomas James, a magistrate, on the site and using some of the stones from the Otterburn Castle. Nearby Otterburn Hall was built in 1870 on land given to a Lord Douglas as recompense for the death of his ancestor Lord William Douglas in the Battle of Otterburn. GeographyOtterburn Tower is situated on {{Convert|32|acre}}[2] north of Otterburn village, Northumberland. It is on the right bank of the River Rede within the Northumberland National Park, and is accessible by the A 696 road along the Redesdale valley. Elsdon town is {{Convert|3|mi}} to its east, while Cramlington is {{convert|25|mi}} to the southeast.[2][3][4] The tower is said to be "bosomed high in tufted trees".[5] From the tower, a short walk by a burn leads to the moor; fishing is available on {{Convert|3|mi}} of riverbank along the Rede.[2] Several spots are marked with stones set in circles, indicating ancient places of burial.[5] Otterburn Hall, a fortified country house hotel, Otterburn Mill, and a quarry are nearby.[6] HistoryOtterburn Tower was built on the site and using some of the stones from the Otterburn Castle.[7] Otterburn Castle, as it was originally known, was founded by a cousin of William the Conqueror in 1086 as a bastion to repel the Scots.[8]
In August 1388, during the Battle of Otterburn, initially, the Scottish forces had camped near the Redesdale valley close to the tower, in the evening. The next day, early in the morning, they attacked the Otterburn Tower but were unsuccessful in their attempt to capture it.[8][9] Following this failure, the Scottish forces wanted to return to their homes but Douglas wanted to pursue the battle as Percy had vowed that he would not allow the Scots to leave the village Otterburn. The village then witnessed fierce battle between "the English and Scots, under the command of Henry Percy and Earl Douglas in which the former was taken prisoner and the latter was killed", on 19 August 1388.[2][9] The scene of the battle, as reconstructed by historians, mentions that it took place about {{Convert|0.5|mi}} northwest of Otterburn village. By the beginning of the 15th century, the tower was held by Sir Robert Umfraville.[16] It was owned by Clan Hall from at least the 1500s.
One of its notable owners was Mad Jack Hall, a Jacobite rebel who was tried five times and finally executed at Tyburn for high treason on 13 July 1716, and his initials are still carved over one of the original doors.[10] He had pleaded during the trial that as he was returning from a Justice’s meeting, he was surrounded by rebels and forced to go with them.[8][10] In 1777, the "Percy Cross" was placed near the tower to commemorate the Otterburn Battle site. In the 1860s, Otterburn Castle was owned by Thomas James (1807-unknown),[11][12] a magistrate, landholder, and farmer of {{convert|1276|acres}}; he was the son of William James (d. before 1822), of Otterburn Castle, and Elizabeth Woodhouse.[13] Thomas James built Otterburn Tower over what was Otterburn Castle incorporating the masonry of an 18th-century house which contained an early building.[6] No traces of the castle remain.[14] William James of Otterburn Towers, a Lt. of 42nd Highlanders, served in the Crimea and Indian Mutiny on 28 Feb 1838 and 9 April 1864, respectively.[15] He was the son of Thomas James.
In 1938, Sir Archibald Woollaston White, 4th Baronet of Tuxford and Wallingwells bought the Otterburn Tower Estate. He and his family lived there for the bulk of The Second World War. Sir Archibald took command of the local Home Guard Battalion during the war and set about training and organising it. The decision to sell the estate was made in 1944 when the army's artillery range was extended further south, with the guns firing at longer range than was previously possible. The bulk of the estate was bought by the army for the firing ranges, which it remains today. Sir Archibald moved to the Torhousemuir Estate near Wigtown in Dumfries and Galloway.
It became a Grade II listed building on 7 January 1988.[26] Architecture and fittingsOtterburn is a castellated building. Much of the current building was constructed in 1830 incorporating an 18th-century tower and earlier architectural work as little of the original tower remained. The northern corner of the modern tower includes part of the walls of the old castle. The building was extended at the rear in 1904,[16] and a stable block was added by F.W. Rich for Howard Pease.[6] GroundsThree Roman altar stones, said to have been brought from Rochester, are situated at the entrance to the tower.[5] The Douglas Monument, within a small clump of trees, contains a large upright stone which was originally a fireplace beam in the Otterburn Castle, which was in the process of being demolished around the time the Douglas Monument was created.[17] References1. ^{{cite book|last=Matthews|first=Rupert|title=Northumberland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGLZGsQdmEsC&pg=PA84|accessdate=6 July 2011|date=24 April 2008|publisher=Frances Lincoln Ltd|isbn=978-0-7112-2827-6|pages=84–}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|author= William Whellan & Co|title=History, topography, and directory of Northumberland: comprising a general survey of the county, and a history of the town and county of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with separate historical, statistical, and descriptive sketches of the boroughs of Gateshead and Berwick-upon-Tweed, and all the towns ... wards, and manors. To which is subjoined a list of the seats of the nobility and gentry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-kGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA672|accessdate=6 July 2011|year=1855|publisher=Whittaker and Co.|pages=672–}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom|author2=United Service and Royal Aero Club|title=Flight International|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXEPAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=4 July 2011|date=July 1933|publisher=IPC Transport Press Ltd.|page=783}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Burke|first=Thomas|title=The beauty of England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNEBAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=4 July 2011|year=1933|publisher=G. G. Harrap|page=305}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle-upon-Tyne|author2=Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club|title=Natural history transactions of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xBJLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA235|accessdate=5 July 2011|edition=Now in the public domain.|year=1889|publisher=Williams & Norgate|pages=235–}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Pevsner|first1=Nikolaus|last2=Grundy|first2=John|last3=McCombie|first3=Grace |author4=Peter Ryder |author5=Humphrey Welfare|title=Northumberland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kClO7NOfvsIC&pg=PA537|accessdate=5 July 2011|date=11 March 1992|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-09638-5|pages=537–}} 7. ^Matthews, p. 79 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://hauntedhotelguide.com/hoteldetails.asp?id=19|title=Otterburn Tower|publisher=Haunted Hotel Guide|accessdate=4 July 2011}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Anthony Goodman|author2=Anthony Tuck|title=War and border societies in the middle ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZijGamBWWgkC&pg=PA75|accessdate=6 July 2011|year=1992|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-08021-7|pages=75–}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Geldard|first=Ed|title=Northumberland Strongholds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yw4Nuho27rEC&pg=PA5&dq=Otterburn+Tower&hl=en&ei=XP8TTprxD8PirAe6kNSHBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Otterburn&f=false|accessdate=5 July 2011|date=22 October 2009|publisher=Frances Lincoln Ltd|isbn=978-0-7112-2985-3|pages=5, 36}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Burke|first=Sir Bernard|title=A genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=161CAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA346|accessdate=5 July 2011|year=1871|publisher=Harrison|pages=346–}} 12. ^{{cite book|author1=Paul Frodsham|author2=Council for British Archaeology|title=Archaeology in Northumberland National Park|page=122|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SuRvAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=6 July 2011|year=2004|publisher=Council for British Archaeology|isbn=978-1-902771-38-0}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://clanbarker.com/getperson.php?personID=I537&tree=Br|title=Thomas James, of Otterburn|publisher=Clan Barker|accessdate=6 July 2011}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northofthetyne.co.uk/LittleorNoTraceCastles.html|title=Little or No Trace Castles|publisher=North of the Tyne|accessdate=6 July 2011}} 15. ^{{cite book|author=Sir Bernard Burke|title=A genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=93M-AQAAIAAJ|accessdate=6 July 2011|year=1894|publisher=Harrison|isbn=978-0-394-48726-7}} 16. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-239688-otterburn-tower-otterburn|title=Otterburn Tower|publisher=British Listed Buildings|accessdate=4 July 2011}} 17. ^Matthews, p. 87 External links
7 : Country houses in Northumberland|1086 establishments in England|Houses completed in 1830|Hotels in Northumberland|Otterburn, Northumberland|Castles in Northumberland|Buildings and structures completed in 1086 |
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