| 词条 | Ottoman Serbs |
| 释义 |
History{{further|History of the Serbs}}Early modern periodThe Serbs had taken an active part in the wars fought in the Balkans against the Ottoman Empire, and also organized uprisings.[2] Because of this, they suffered persecution and their territories were devastated.[2] Major migrations from Serbia into Habsburg territory ensued.[2] In early 1594, the Serbs in Banat rose up against the Ottomans.[3] The rebels had, in the character of a holy war, carried war flags with the icon of Saint Sava.[4] After suppressing the uprising, the Ottomans publicly incinerated the relics of Saint Sava at the Vračar plateau on April 27, 1595.[4] The incineration of Sava's relics provoked the Serbs, and empowered the Serb liberation movement. From 1596, the center of anti-Ottoman activity in Herzegovina was the Tvrdoš Monastery in Trebinje.[5] An uprising broke out in 1596, but the rebels were defeated at the field of Gacko in 1597, and were forced to capitulate due to the lack of foreign support.[5]{{sfn|Samardžić et al.|1993|p=324}} After allied Christian forces had captured Buda from the Ottoman Empire in 1686 during the Great Turkish War, Serbs from Pannonian Plain (present-day Hungary, Slavonia region in present-day Croatia, Bačka and Banat regions in present-day Serbia) joined the troops of the Habsburg Monarchy as separate units known as Serbian Militia.[6] Serbs, as volunteers, massively joined the Austrian side.[7] In 1688, the Habsburg army took Belgrade and entered the territory of present-day Central Serbia. Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden called Serbian Patriarch Arsenije III Čarnojević to raise arms against the Turks; the Patriarch accepted and returned to the liberated Peć. As Serbia fell under Habsburg control, Leopold I granted Arsenije nobility and the title of duke. In early November, Arsenije III met with Habsburg commander-in-chief, General Enea Silvio Piccolomini in Prizren; after this talk he sent a note to all Serb bishops to come to him and collaborate only with Habsburg forces. A large migration of Serbs to Habsburg lands was undertaken by Patriarch Arsenije III.{{sfn|Jelavich|1983|p=145}} The large community of Serbs concentrated in Banat, southern Hungary and the Military Frontier included merchants and craftsmen in the cities, but mainly refugees that were peasants.{{sfn|Jelavich|1983|p=145}} Serbia remained under Ottoman control until the early 19th century, with the eruption of the Serbian Revolution in 1804. 1900sThe Serb Democratic League was an Ottoman Serb political organisation established on August 13, 1908, at the First Serb Conference (August 10–13), immediately after the Young Turk Revolution. It included the Serb elite of Old Raška, Kosovo and Metohija, and Vardar Macedonia and Aegean Macedonia.[8] Serbian PatriarchateThe Serbian Orthodox Church (as the Patriarchate of Peć) was re-established in 1557.[9] The Patriarchate of Peć was abolished in 1766. Nationality statusIn 1826, an addendum to the Akkerman Convention mentioned the Serb Millet.[10] Since given autonomy in 1830, the Principality of Serbia urged the Ottoman government to recognize the Serb nation outside the principality, in Ottoman territories. In 1906, the Ottoman government recognized the Serb Millet in Macedonia.[11][12] This decision was made independently from the Serbian government.[11] Notable peopleAfter the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire acquired a significant Serb community. Among notable people in the Ottoman government of fully or partial Serb ancestry were several viziers and sultans (Suleiman II and Osman III).
See also{{commonscat}}
References1. ^{{cite book|title=Serbian Studies|volume=9–10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXVpAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=North American Society for Serbian Studies|page=91}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=Ga ́bor A ́goston|author2=Bruce Alan Masters|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA518|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7|pages=518–}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Rajko L. Veselinović|title=(1219-1766). Udžbenik za IV razred srpskih pravoslavnih bogoslovija. (Yu 68-1914)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QogsAQAAMAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Sv. Arh. Sinod Srpske pravoslavne crkve|pages=70–71}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|author=Nikolaj Velimirović|title=The Life of St. Sava|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0-Or1eDv1wC|date=January 1989|publisher=St. Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=978-0-88141-065-5|page=159}} 5. ^1 {{harvnb|Ćorović|2001|loc=Преокрет у држању Срба}} 6. ^{{Citation |last= Gavrilović |first= Slavko |title= Zbornik Matice Srpske za Istoriju |url= http://www.maticasrpska.org.rs/casopisi/istorija_74.pdf |format= pdf |accessdate= 21 December 2011 |volume= 74 |origyear= |year= 2006 |publisher= Matica Srpska, Department of Social Sciences, Proceedings i History |location= Novi Sad |language= Serbian |page= 7 |chapter= Isaija Đaković |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110916135844/http://www.maticasrpska.org.rs/casopisi/istorija_74.pdf |archivedate= 16 September 2011 |df= }} 7. ^{{Citation |last= Janićijević |first= Jovan|title=Kulturna riznica Srbije |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQAoAAAAMAAJ |year= 1996 |publisher= IDEA |location= |language= Serbian |page=70 |quote= Велики или Бечки рат Аустрије против Турске, у којем су Срби, као добровољци, масовно учествовали на аустријској страни}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Tatomir P. Vukanović|title=Enciklopedija narodnog života, običaja i verovanja u Srba na Kosovu i Metohiji: VI vek - početak XX veka : više od 2000 odrednica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g24tAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Vojnoizdavački zavod|page=449|quote=Српски прваци}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Dušan T. Bataković|title=Kosovo and Metohija: living in the enclave|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eGM_AQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies|quote=The re-establishment of the Serbian Orthodox Church under as the Patriarchate of Pec in 1557 marked the beginning of a vigorous religious renaissance of the Serbian millet. The reassembling of the Christian Orthodox into one religious ...}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Bernard Lewis|title=The Political Language of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NXCTjv2oFtUC&pg=PA132|date=11 June 1991|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-47693-3|pages=132–|quote=As early as 1826, an addendum to the Akkerman Convention signed in that year spoke of the "Serb Millet" (Turkish text in Mecmua-i Muahedat [Istanbul, a.h. 1294-98], vol. 4, p. 69).}} 11. ^1 {{cite book|author=Lazo Mojsov|title=The Macedonian Historical Themes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3q4AAAAIAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Jugoslovenska stvarnost-Medjunarodna politika|page=91}} 12. ^{{cite book|author1=Prince Stephan Lazar Eugene Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich|author2=Eleanor Hulda Princess Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich|title=The Servian People: Their Past Glory and Their Destiny|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nDhAAQAAMAAJ|year=1910|publisher=Charles Scibner's Sons|page=365}} 13. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFE847D7E258FE1EFB | title = Sultan II. Süleyman Han | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | publisher = Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism}} 14. ^{{cite book|author1=Günseli İnal|author2=Semiramis Arşivi|title=Semiramis: Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIKRAAAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=YKY|isbn=978-975-08-0928-6|page=27|quote=Siileyman'in annesi Sirp Katrin yani Dilasiip Hatun}} 15. ^{{cite book|author=Ali Kemal Meram|title=Padişah anaları: resimli belgesel tarih romanı|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgkG57W9t0MC|year=1977|publisher=Öz Yayınları|page=325}} 16. ^{{harvnb|Meram|1977|p=355|loc= "İkinci Mustafa'nın (Şehsuvar Sultan) takma adlı câriyesi Sırp kızı Mari'den doğan oğlu Üçüncü Osman"}}, {{harvnb|İnal|Arşivi|2005|p=27|loc= "Osman'in annesi Sirp Mari yani §ehsiivar Sultan"}} 17. ^{{cite book|author=Heath W. Lowry|authorlink=Heath W. Lowry|title=The Nature of the Early Ottoman State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31j8T6XoigYC&pg=PA116|accessdate=20 February 2013|year=2003|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-8726-6|page=116}} 18. ^{{cite book|title=Bosanska vila|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rLHsAAAAMAAJ|year=1898|publisher=Nikola T. Kašiković|page=301}} 19. ^{{cite book|author=Milenko M. Vukićević|title=Znameniti Srbi muslomani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1EULAAAAIAAJ|year=1906|publisher=Davidović|page=104|quote=Кућа Сијерчића води своје поријекло од старе српске властеоске куће Шијернића, како запнси тврде, или од Лучевпћа, како предање каже. Кад је сила османлијска навалила на Босну п Херцеговину, онда се кућа Шијернића храбро бо- рила протпв снле османлијске, борила се бранећи јуначкн своје огњиште и свој народ, свој језнк и своју слободу. Алп ко ће силн ...}} 20. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK40AAAAMAAJ|language=Romanian|page=59|quote=Malkocogullari, tot comandanţi de acingii, erau descendenţii unui feudal sirb Malkovic).|title=Românii și otomanii în secolele XIV-XVI|last=Gemil|first=Tahsin|year=1991}} Sources
Further reading
1 : Serbs of the Ottoman Empire |
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