| 词条 | Ouarzazate Solar Power Station |
| 释义 |
| name = Ouarzazate Solar Power Station | name_official = | image = | image_caption = | image_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|31|00|33|N|6|51|44|W|region:ES-GR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Morocco | location = Ouarzazate | status = O | construction_began = May 2013 | commissioned = February 2016[1] | decommissioned = | cost = $3.9 billion | owner = | operator = | solar_type = CSP | solar_csp_technology= P | solar_csp_collectors= | solar_cpvt = | ps_units_manu_model = | ps_site_area = {{convert|450|ha|acre|0}} | solar_site_resource = 2635 kWh/m2/yr | ps_electrical_capacity= 160 MW (Noor I) 200 MW (Noor II) 150 MW (Noor III)[2] 510 MW (total) | ps_electrical_cap_fac= | ps_annual_generation= 370 GWh (Noor I) 600 GWh (Noor II) 500 GWh (Noor III) | website = | extra = }}Ouarzazate Solar Power Station (OSPS), also called Noor Power Station (نور, Arabic for light) is a solar power complex located in the Drâa-Tafilalet region in Morocco, {{convert|10|km}} from Ouarzazate town, in Ghessat rural council area. It is the world's largest solar thermal power plant. The entire Solar Project is planned to produce 580 MW at peak when finished and is being built in three phases and in four parts. The total project is expected to cost $9 billion.[3] The plant will be able to store solar energy in the form of heated molten salt, allowing for production of electricity into the night. Phase 1 comes with a full-load molten salt storage capacity of 3 hours. Noor II, commissioned in 2018,[4] and Noor III, commissioned in January 2019, store energy for up to eight hours.[4] It will cover an area of {{convert|2500|ha|acre|0}}. The project is being developed with the help of the Spanish consortium TSK-Acciona-Sener and is the first in a series of planned developments at the Ouarzazate Solar Complex by the Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy (MASEN). As of December 2015, the plant was expected to begin commercial operation in June 2017.[5] Water consumption for the Ouarzazate Noor complex is estimated at 2.5 to 3 million m3 per year for one wet- cooling project (Noor I) and two dry – cooling projects (Noor II and III), due to the need to clean the reflectors regularly.[6] Noor IOuarzazate Solar Power Station (OSPS) – Phase 1, also referred to as Noor I CSP, has an installed capacity of 160 MW. It was connected to the Moroccan power grid on 5 February 2016.[7] It covers {{convert|450|ha|acre|0}} and is expected to deliver 370 GWh per year.[8] The plant is a parabolic trough type with a molten salt storage for 3 hours of low-light producing capacity. The cost of the project when it began operations was $3.9 billion.[3] It uses half a million mirrors.[9] The design uses wet cooling and the need to regularly clean the reflectors means that the water use is high – 1.7 million m3 per year or 4.6 liters per kWh.[10] Water usage is more than double the water usage of a wet cooled coal power station and 23 times the water use per kWh of a dry cooled coal power station,[11] though life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of solar thermal plants show that generating comparable energy from coal typically releases around 20 times more carbon dioxide than renewable sources.[12] The electricity was to be sold at $0.19 /kWh.[13] Noor IINoor II CSP is the second phase of the Ouarzazate Solar Power Station. It is a 200 MW CSP solar plant using parabolic troughs. It has a 7 hours storage capacity.[16] It covers an area of {{convert|680|ha|acre|0}} and is expected to supply 600 GWh per year.[14] Construction started in February 2016[15] and the plant was commissioned in January 2018.[16] It uses a dry cooling system to decrease water use.[17] Noor IIINoor III CSP is the third part of the Ouarzazate Solar Power Station. It is a 150 MW gross CSP solar project using a solar power tower with 7 hours energy storage.[18]It covers an area of {{convert|550|ha|acre|0}} and it is expected to supply 500 GW·h per year.[14] It uses a dry cooling system to decrease water use.[17] The CSP tower mirror field was commissioned in March 2018.[19] Noor III is the fifth ever built utility-scale CSP tower, but the second with energy storage, after the 125 MW gross Crescent Dunes. At 150 MW Noor III is now the most powerful CSP tower unit built.[20] In September 2018 the CSP tower unit was first time synchronized to the power grid. In December Noor III completed a 10-day reliability test demonstrating that the project can provide continuous rated power even in the absence of sunlight.[21] The model HE54 heliostat has 54 mirrors with a total reflective surface of {{convert|178.5|sqm|sqft}}. The solar field has 7400 of such mirrors. The tower is {{convert|250|m|ft}} high. Noor IVNoor IV will be a 72 MW[22] Photovoltaic power station[23]. The total investment in this project is 750 millions MAD. See also{{commons category}}{{stack|{{Portal|Morocco|Sustainable development|Renewable energy}}}}
References1. ^{{cite news|title=Morocco commissions first phase of Noor-Ouarzazate solar power project|url=http://www.power-technology.com/news/newsmorocco-commissions-first-phase-noor-ouarzazate-solar-power-project-4803152|accessdate=6 February 2016|publisher=power-technology.com|date=5 February 2016}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}} 2. ^{{cite news| url=http://helioscsp.com/chinese-firm-helps-build-worlds-largest-concentrated-solar-power-complex-in-moroccos-desert/ | title=Chinese firm helps build world’s largest concentrated solar power complex in Morocco’s desert|access-date=22 January 2019}} 3. ^1 {{Cite news | first = Arthur | last = Neslen | title = Morocco to switch on first phase of world's largest solar plant | newspaper = The Guardian | date = 2016-02-04 | issn = 0261-3077 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/04/morocco-to-switch-on-first-phase-of-worlds-largest-solar-plant | access-date = 2016-02-07 | language = en-GB}} 4. ^{{cite news | last1 = Neslen | first1 = Arthur | title = Morocco poised to become a solar superpower with launch of desert mega-project | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/26/morocco-poised-to-become-a-solar-superpower-with-launch-of-desert-mega-project | accessdate = 27 October 2015 | work = The Guardian | date = 26 October 2015}} 5. ^Project > MA-Ouarzazate Concentrated Solar Power > Results, World Bank, accessed 2015-12-28 6. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/Morocco_-_Ouarzazate_Solar_Power_Station_Project_II_-_ESIA_Summary.pdf|title = Ouarzazate Solar Power Complex, Phase 1 Morocco Specific Environmental and Social Impact Assessment|date = |access-date = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }} 7. ^{{Cite web | last= Vorrath | first= Sophie | title= First 160MW of huge Noor solar thermal plant connected to Moroccan grid | date= 2016-02-05 | website= RenewEconomy | url= http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/first-160mw-of-huge-noor-solar-thermal-plant-connected-to-moroccan-grid-18132 | access-date= 2016-07-19}} 8. ^{{Cite web | last= | first= | title= Project Ourzazate Solar Power Station – Phase I Country: Kingdom of Morocco Project Appraisal Report Date: April 2012 | date= | website= | publisher= | url= http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Morocco_-_AR_Ouarzazate_Project_I_.pdf | access-date=}} 9. ^{{Cite web | title= Morocco's Massive Desert Solar Project Starts Up | website= MIT Technology Review | url= https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600751/moroccos-massive-desert-solar-project-starts-up/#/set/id/600752/ | access-date= 2016-02-09}} 10. ^{{Cite web | last= | first= | title= Ouarzazate Solar Power Complex, Phase 1 Morocco Specific Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Volume 1 | date= | website= | publisher= | url= http://www.masen.org.ma/upload/environnement/OZZ1_SESIA_Volume_1_%28SESIA%29.pdf | access-date=}} 11. ^{{Cite web | title= Majuba Power Station | website= www.eskom.co.za | url= http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/ElectricityGeneration/PowerStations/Pages/Majuba_Power_Station.aspx | access-date= 2016-02-08}} 12. ^{{Cite web | title= NREL: Energy Analysis - Life Cycle Assessment Harmonization Results and Findings | website= www.nrel.gov | url= http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/sustain_lca_results.html | access-date= 2016-11-01 | deadurl= yes | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170506114117/http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/sustain_lca_results.html | archivedate= 2017-05-06 | df= }} 13. ^{{Cite web | title= Morocco starts production at 160 MW solar plant - Agricultural Commodities -Reuters | website= af.reuters.com | url= https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL8N15J4PR | access-date= 2016-02-08}} 14. ^1 {{Cite web | last = | first = | title = Ouarzazate Solar Complex Project – Phase II (NOORo II AND NOORo III power plants) | date = | website = | publisher = | url = http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/MOROCCO-AR_-_Ouarzazate_Solar_Complex_Project-_Phase_II_-_12_2014.pdf | access-date =}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|title=Concentrating Solar Power Projects - NOOR II {{!}} Concentrating Solar Power {{!}} NREL|url=http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/project_detail.cfm/projectID=4292|website=www.nrel.gov|accessdate=1 December 2016}} 16. ^1 {{cite web|title=Concentrating Solar Power Projects - NOOR II {{!}} Concentrating Solar Power {{!}} NREL|url=https://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/project_detail.cfm/projectID=4292|website=www.nrel.gov|accessdate=26 February 2018|language=en}} 17. ^1 {{Cite web | last = | first = | title = Project: Ouarzazate Solar Power Station Project II Country: Morocco Summary environmental and social impact assessment | date = | publisher = | website = | url = http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/Morocco_-_Ouarzazate_Solar_Power_Station_Project_II_-_ESIA_Summary.pdf | access-date =}} 18. ^{{cite web | url= https://solarpaces.nrel.gov/noor-iii | title=Concentrating Solar Power Projects - NOOR III | website= solarpaces.nrel.gov | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20181212062951/https://solarpaces.nrel.gov/noor-iii | archivedate= 12 December 2018 | deadurl= no | access-date= 12 December 2018 }} 19. ^{{Cite web | url= https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-03/s-w2u030918.php | title= World's second utility-scale 24/7 tower CSP, Noor III commissions solar field | date= 11 March 2018 | website= www.eurekalert.org | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180312200709/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-03/s-w2u030918.php | archivedate= 12 March 2018 | deadurl= no | access-date= 12 December 2018 }} 20. ^{{Cite web | url= https://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/featurefirst-synchronisation-of-phase-iii-of-the-worlds-largest-csp-6822494/ | title= First synchronisation of phase III of the world’s largest CSP | date= 28 October 2018 | website= www.modernpowersystems.com | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20181212065836/https://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/featurefirst-synchronisation-of-phase-iii-of-the-worlds-largest-csp-6822494/ | archivedate= 12 December 2018 | deadurl= no | access-date= 12 December 2018 }} 21. ^{{Cite web | url= https://www.powermag.com/moroccan-molten-salt-tower-project-clears-reliability-test/ | title= Moroccan Molten Salt Tower Project Clears Reliability Test | date= 2 December 2018 | website= www.powermag.com | access-date= 12 December 2018 }} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ledesk.ma/2017/04/01/noor-iv-lance-parachevant-la-mega-centrale-solaire-de-ouarzazate/|title=Noor IV lancée, parachevant la méga-centrale solaire de Ouarzazate|date=2017-04-01|website=Le Desk|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-24}} 23. ^{{Cite news|url=https://renewablesnow.com/news/morocco-to-complete-noor-ouarzazate-solar-complex-by-mid-2018-602259|title=Morocco to complete Noor Ouarzazate solar complex by mid-2018|work=Renewablesnow.com|access-date=2018-11-22|language=en}} 3 : Solar power stations in Morocco|Energy infrastructure completed in 2016|2016 establishments in Morocco |
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