| 词条 | Outcome primacy |
| 释义 |
ModellingBehaviour in this task can be modelled using a standard, model-free reinforcement learning algorithm. In this model, the values of the different actions are learned over time and are used to determine the next action according to a predefined action-selection rule. It was shown that a substantial effect of first experience on behaviour is consistent with the reinforcement learning model if one assumes that the outcome of first experience resets the values of the experienced actions, but not if symmetric initial conditions are assumed. Moreover, the predictive power of the resetting model outperforms previously published[3] models regarding the aggregate choice behaviour. Relation to other form of primacyThese findings suggest that first experience has a disproportionately large effect on subsequent actions, similar to primacy effects in other fields of cognitive psychology, such as in the application of the serial position effect. The mechanism of resetting of the initial conditions that underlies outcome primacy may thus also account for other forms of primacy. References1. ^{{cite journal|last=Shteingart|first=Hanan|author2=Tal Neiman |author3=Yonatan Loewenstein |title=The Role of First Impression in Operant Learning|journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: General|issue=2|pages=476–488|url = http://elsc.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/476.pdf|doi = 10.1037/a0029550|year = 2013|volume = 142|pmid=22924882}} 2. ^{{cite journal|author1=Hertwig Barron |author2=Weber Erev |title= Decisions from experience and the effect of rare events in risky choice|journal= Psychological Science|pages=534–539|url = http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/ft/rh/RH_Decisions_2004.pdf |doi = 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00715.x |year = 2004|volume = 15}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Erev|first1=Ido|last2=Ert|first2=Eyal|last3=Roth|first3=Alvin E.|last4=Haruvy|first4=Ernan|last5=Herzog|first5=Stefan M.|last6=Hau|first6=Robin|last7=Hertwig|first7=Ralph|last8=Stewart|first8=Terrence|last9=West|first9=Robert|last10=Lebiere|first10=Christian|title=A choice prediction competition: Choices from experience and from description|journal=Journal of Behavioral Decision Making|volume=23|issue=1|year=2010|pages=15–47|issn=0894-3257|doi=10.1002/bdm.683|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/5343169/Roth_ChoicePrediction.pdf?sequence=1}} 1 : Decision theory |
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