| 释义 |
- Nature of mathematics Mathematics is General reference Classification systems Reference databases
- Subjects Quantity Structure Space Change Foundations and philosophy Mathematical logic Discrete mathematics Applied mathematics
- History
- Psychology
- Influential mathematicians
- Mathematical notation
- See also
- External links
{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to mathematics}}Mathematics is a field of study that investigates topics including number, space, structure, and change. For more on the relationship between mathematics and science, refer to the article on science. {{TOC limit|limit=2}}Nature of mathematics- Definitions of mathematics – Mathematics has no generally accepted definition. Different schools of thought, particularly in philosophy, have put forth radically different definitions, all of which are controversial.
- Philosophy of mathematics – its aim is to provide an account of the nature and methodology of mathematics and to understand the place of mathematics in people's lives.
Mathematics is- an academic discipline – branch of knowledge that is taught at all levels of education and researched typically at the college or university level. Disciplines are defined (in part), and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners belong.
- a formal science – branch of knowledge concerned with the properties of formal systems based on definitions and rules of inference. Unlike other sciences, the formal sciences are not concerned with the validity of theories based on observations in the physical world.
General referenceClassification systems- Mathematics in the Dewey Decimal Classification system
- Mathematics Subject Classification – alphanumerical classification scheme collaboratively produced by staff of and based on the coverage of the two major mathematical reviewing databases, Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH.
Reference databases- Mathematical Reviews – journal and online database published by the American Mathematical Society (AMS) that contains brief synopses (and occasionally evaluations) of many articles in mathematics, statistics and theoretical computer science.
- Zentralblatt MATH – service providing reviews and abstracts for articles in pure and applied mathematics, published by Springer Science+Business Media. It is a major international reviewing service which covers the entire field of mathematics. It uses the Mathematics Subject Classification codes for organizing their reviews by topic.
SubjectsQuantityQuantity- Arithmetic
- Natural numbers
- Integers
- Rational numbers
- Real numbers
- Complex numbers
- Hypercomplex numbers
- Infinity
StructureStructure- Abstract algebra
- Linear algebra
- Number theory
- Order theory
- Function (mathematics)
SpaceSpace- Geometry
- Algebraic geometry
- Trigonometry
- Differential geometry
- Topology
- Fractal geometry
ChangeChange- Calculus
- Vector calculus
- Differential equations
- Dynamical systems
- Chaos theory
- Analysis
Foundations and philosophyFoundations of mathematics- Philosophy of mathematics
- Category theory
- Set theory
- Type theory
Mathematical logic{{see also|Outline of mathematical logic}}Mathematical logic- Model theory
- Proof theory
- Set theory
- Type theory
- Recursion theory
- Theory of Computation
Discrete mathematicsDiscrete mathematics- Combinatorics
- Cryptography
- Graph theory
Applied mathematicsApplied mathematics- Mathematical physics
- Analytical mechanics
- Mathematical fluid dynamics
- Numerical analysis
- Control theory
- Dynamical systems
- Mathematical optimization
- Operations research
- Probability
- Statistics
- Game theory
- Mathematical economics
- Financial mathematics
- Information theory
- Cryptography
- Mathematical biology
HistoryHistory of mathematics- Babylonian mathematics
- Egyptian mathematics
- Indian mathematics
- Greek mathematics
- Chinese mathematics
- History of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system
- Islamic mathematics
- Japanese mathematics
- History of algebra
- History of geometry
- History of mathematical notation
- History of trigonometry
- History of writing numbers
Psychology- Mathematics education
- Numeracy
- Numerical Cognition
- Subitizing
- Mathematical anxiety
- Dyscalculia
- Acalculia
- Ageometresia
- Number sense
- Numerosity adaptation effect
- Approximate number system
- Mathematical maturity
Influential mathematiciansSee Lists of mathematicians Mathematical notationMathematical notation- List of mathematical abbreviations
- List of mathematical symbols
- List of mathematical symbols by subject
- Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date
- Notation in probability and statistics
- Table of logic symbols
- Physical constants
- Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
- Latin letters used in mathematics
- Mathematical alphanumeric symbols
- Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode
- ISO 31-11 (Mathematical signs and symbols for use in physical sciences and technology)
See also{{portal|Mathematics}}- Lists of mathematics topics
- Areas of mathematics
- Glossary of areas of mathematics
External links {{Sister project links|Mathematics}}- MAA Reviews – The Basic Library List – Mathematical Association of America
- Naoki's Recommended Books, compiled by Naoki Saito, U. C. Davis
- A List of Recommended Books in Topology, compiled by Allen Hatcher, Cornell U.
- Books in algebraic geometry in nLab
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