| 释义 |
- Nature of the Byzantine Empire
- Geography of the Byzantine Empire Regions of the Byzantine Empire Administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire Provinces of the Byzantine Empire Themes of the Byzantine Empire Cities of the Byzantine Empire Affiliated polities Demography of the Byzantine Empire
- Government and politics of the Byzantine Empire Political institutions of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine law Military of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine armed forces Military conflict
- General history of the Byzantine Empire Military history of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine historiography Works on Byzantine history
- Culture of the Byzantine Empire Religion in the Byzantine Empire Byzantine language
- Byzantine economy
- Byzantine science and technology
- See also
- References
- External links
{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire}}{{See also|Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles}}The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire: Byzantine Empire (or Byzantium) – the Constantinople-centred Roman Empire of the Middle Ages. It is also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, primarily in the context of Late Antiquity, while the Roman Empire was still administered with separate eastern and western political centres. In its own time, there was no such thing as "the Byzantine Empire," there was just the ongoing Roman Empire; "Byzantine Empire" is a scholarly term of convenience to differentiate the empire from its earlier existence during classical antiquity before the western half collapsed (see decline of the Roman Empire). Its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire ({{lang-grc-gre|Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων}}, Basileia Rhōmaiōn;[1] {{lang-la|Imperium Romanum}}) or Romania ({{lang|grc|Ῥωμανία}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Millar|1y=2006|1pp=2, 15|2a1=James|2y=2010|2p=5|3a1=Freeman|3y=1999|3pp=431, 435–437, 459–462|4a1=Baynes|4a2=Moss|4y=1948|4p=xx|5a1=Ostrogorsky|5y=1969|5p=27|6a1=Kaldellis|6y=2007|6pp=2–3|7a1=Kazhdan|7a2=Constable|7y=1982|7p=12|8a1=Norwich|8y=1998|8p=383}} After the Western Roman Empire fragmented and collapsed in the 5th century, the eastern half continued to thrive, existing for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During much of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} Nature of the Byzantine Empire The Byzantium Empire can be described as all of the following: - Empire
- Eponym for "Roman Empire" or "Romania" (the self-identifying short-form name of the later Roman Empire and the East Roman or Byzantine Empire)
Geography of the Byzantine Empire Regions of the Byzantine Empire - Albania under the Byzantine Empire
- Byzantine Armenia
- Byzantine Crete
- Byzantine Greece
- Byzantine Egypt
Administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire - Subdivisions of the Byzantine Empire
Provinces of the Byzantine Empire - Bithynia
- Byzacena
- Byzantine Crete
- Catepanate of Italy
- Catepanate of Serbia
- Drougoubiteia
- Duchy of Perugia
- Duchy of Rome
- Duchy of the Pentapolis
- Duchy of Venetia
- Egypt (Roman province)
- Europa (Roman province)
- Duchy of Gaeta
- Galatia (Roman province)
- Haemimontus
- Helenopontus
- Honorias
- Isauria
- Mauretania Caesariensis
- Mauretania Tingitana
- Mesopotamia (Roman province)
- Moesia Secunda
- Duchy of Naples
- Palaestina Prima
- Paphlagonia
- Paristrion
- Phrygia Pacatiana
- Phrygia Salutaris
- Pontus Polemoniacus
- Rhodope (Roman province)
- Scythia Minor
- Spania
- Theodorias (province)
- History of Thessaly
Themes of the Byzantine Empire - Theme (Byzantine district)
Cities of the Byzantine Empire - Constantinople (capital)
- Thessalonika
Affiliated polities - Republic of Venice
- Frankokratia
- Despotate of Epirus
- Empire of Trebizond
- Bulgarian Empire
- Serbian Empire
Demography of the Byzantine Empire - Population of the Byzantine Empire
Government and politics of the Byzantine Empire - Byzantine bureaucracy
- Byzantine diplomacy
- Byzantine emperors family tree
Political institutions of the Byzantine Empire Political institutions of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine law Byzantine law Military of the Byzantine Empire Military of the Byzantine Empire- Byzantine battle tactics
- Byzantine military manuals
Byzantine armed forces Military conflict General history of the Byzantine Empire History of the Byzantine Empire- Byzantine Iconoclasm
- Macedonian dynasty
- Byzantine civilisation in the twelfth century
- Byzantium under the Palaiologoi
- History of Lebanon under Byzantine rule
- History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
- Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Military history of the Byzantine Empire - List of Byzantine wars
- List of sieges of Constantinople
- Byzantine–Sassanid Wars
- Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628
- Byzantine–Arab Wars
- Byzantine–Arab Wars (780–1180)
- Sack of Amorium (838)
- Rus'–Byzantine Treaty
- Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907)
- Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (911)
- Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (945)
- Rus'–Byzantine War
- Rus'–Byzantine War (860)
- Rus'–Byzantine War (907)
- Rus'–Byzantine War (941)
- Rus'–Byzantine War (1024)
- Rus'–Byzantine War (1043)
- Byzantine–Venetian Treaty of 1082
- Byzantine–Venetian War (1294–1302)
- Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
- Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
- Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)
- Byzantine civil war of 1373–1379
- Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
- Byzantine–Norman wars
- Byzantine–Seljuq Wars
- Byzantine–Georgian wars
- Byzantine–Mongol alliance
- Byzantine–Ottoman Wars
Byzantine historiography Works on Byzantine history Culture of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine culture- Byzantine architecture –
- Byzantine art –
- Macedonian art
- Byzantine dance
- Byzantine literature –
- Byzantine music
- Byzantine calendar –
- Byzantine cuisine
- Byzantine dress
- Byzantine gardens
- Byzantine Greeks
- Byzantine philosophy
Religion in the Byzantine Empire - History of late ancient Christianity
- State church of the Roman Empire
- Byzantine Papacy
- Byzantine Arts
- Eastern Orthodox Church
- Icons
- Byzantine Iconoclasm
- Degrees of Orthodox monasticism
- Mount Athos
- Saint Catherine's Monastery
- Paulicianism
Byzantine language Byzantine economy - Byzantine economy
- Byzantine agriculture
- Byzantine commerce
- Byzantine currency
- Byzantine coinage
- Byzantine silk
Byzantine science and technology - Byzantine science
- Byzantine medicine
- List of Byzantine inventions
See also {{portal|Byzantine Empire}}- Outline of classical studies
- Agnes of France, Byzantine Empress
- Albanian Greek Catholic Church
- Alexander (Byzantine emperor)
- Argyros (Byzantine family)
- Bandon (Byzantine Empire)
- Book of Job in Byzantine illuminated manuscripts
- Bristol Byzantine
- Byzantine & Christian Museum
- Byzantine Catholic World
- Byzantine Chain
- Byzantine Church, Lin
- Byzantine Discalced Carmelites
- Byzantine Empire under the Angeloi
- Byzantine Foothold
- Byzantine Fresco Chapel
- Byzantine Institute of America
- Byzantine Master of the Crucifix of Pisa
- Byzantine Museum of Antivouniotissa
- Byzantine Museum of Ioannina
- Byzantine Museum of Kastoria
- Byzantine Museum of Komotini
- Byzantine Revival architecture
- Byzantine Rite
- Byzantine Rite Christianity in Canada
- Byzantine Rite Lutheranism
- Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
- Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Collection of Chania
- Byzantine commonwealth
- Byzantine complexity
- Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
- Byzantine fault tolerance
- Byzantine heraldry
- Byzantine lyra
- Byzantine novel
- Byzantine rhetoric
- Byzantine text-type
- Byzantine university
- Cathedral of St. Mary Byzantine Catholic Church
- Chios Byzantine Museum
- Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)
- Cours (Byzantine general)
- Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East
- Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Martyrology for February
- Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Martyrology for January
- Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholics
- Greek Byzantine Catholic Church
- Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church (Pittsburgh)
- Immortals (Byzantine)
- Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles
- Irene Palaiologina (Byzantine empress)
- John the Deacon (Byzantine writer)
- Julian Byzantine
- Kephale (Byzantine Empire)
- Kleisoura (Byzantine district)
- Komnenian Byzantine army
- List of Byzantine emperors
- List of Byzantine foreign treaties
- List of Byzantine mints
- List of Byzantine monuments in Istanbul
- List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars
- List of Byzantine scholars
- List of Byzantine usurpers
- List of Roman and Byzantine Empresses
- List of exiled and pretending Byzantine Empresses
- List of leaders during the Byzantine Papacy
- Macedonian art (Byzantine)
- Museum of Ancient Greek, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Instruments
- Museum of Byzantine Culture
- Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire
- Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture
- Palaiologan Byzantine army
- Pannonia, Byzantine Empire
- Papias (Byzantine office)
- Phokas (Byzantine family)
- Political mutilation in Byzantine culture
- Population of the Byzantine Empire
- Prosopography of the Byzantine World
- Quantum Byzantine agreement
- Raoul (Byzantine family)
- Saint Anne Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite
- Serbo-Byzantine architecture
- St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church (Pittsburgh)
- St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cathedral (Pittsburgh)
- St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery
- St. Michael Byzantine Catholic Church Toledo
- St. Nicholas Byzantine Catholic Church
- Songs of Byzantine Flowers
References 1. ^{{harvnb|Kazhdan|Epstein|1985|p=1}}.
External links {{sisterlinks|Byzantine Empire}}- Byzantine studies, resources and bibliography
- Adena, L. "The Enduring Legacy of Byzantium", Clio History Journal, 2008.
- Ciesniewski, C. "The Byzantine Achievement", Clio History Journal, 2006.
- Fox, Clinton R. What, If Anything, Is a Byzantine? (Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors)
- The Cambridge Medieval History (IV) The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453).
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410123427/http://www.doaks.org/Byzantine.html Byzantine studies homepage] at Dumbarton Oaks. Includes links to numerous electronic texts.
- Byzantium: Byzantine studies on the Internet. Links to various online resources.
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20111107172532/http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans.html Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c. 700–1204]. Online sourcebook.
- De Re Militari. Resources for medieval history, including numerous translated sources on the Byzantine wars.
- Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium. Numerous primary sources on Byzantine history.
- Bibliography on Byzantine Material Culture and Daily Life. Hosted by the University of Vienna; in English.
- Constantinople Home Page. Links to texts, images and videos on Byzantium.
- Byzantium in Crimea: Political History, Art and Culture.
- Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (with further resources and a repository with papers on various aspects of the Byzantine Empire)
- Miscellaneous
- {{In Our Time|Byzantine Empire|p00547j9|Byzantine_Empire}}
- De Imperatoribus Romanis. Scholarly biographies of many Byzantine emperors.
- The Fall of the Empire. Byzantine Lesson (2007). (Russian: Гибель империи. Византийский урок) A film explaining the political and economical reasons for the fall of the Empire, filmed by the Russian Orthodox Church.
- 12 Byzantine Rulers by Lars Brownworth of The Stony Brook School; audio lectures. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/31/education/31education.html NYTimes review].
- 18 centuries of Roman Empire by Howard Wiseman (Maps of the Roman/Byzantine Empire throughout its lifetime)
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