| 词条 | Oxytropis sericea |
| 释义 |
|image = Oxytropis sericea 1.jpg |status = G5 |status_system = TNC |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Fabales |familia = Fabaceae |subfamilia = Faboideae |tribus = Galegeae |genus = Oxytropis |species = O. sericea |binomial = Oxytropis sericea |binomial_authority = Nutt. |}}Oxytropis sericea is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names white locoweed, white point-vetch, whitepoint crazyweed, and silky crazyweed. It is native to western North America from Yukon and British Columbia south through the Pacific Northwest, the Rocky Mountains, and the Great Plains.[1] This plant is a perennial herb growing up to about {{convert|30|cm|in|abbr=off}} in maximum height. It grows from a long taproot. The leaves are up to {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. One plant may produce several flowering stalks, each with up to 27 flowers. The fruit is a legume pod up to {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} long containing many hairy, leathery, kidney-shaped seeds. The tough seeds can remain dormant in a soil seed bank for a long time. This helps the species survive stress conditions such as cold, exposure, and desiccation. This is often one of the first plants to grow up in the spring.[1] The plant may occur in a wide variety of habitat types, including those in subalpine and alpine climates. It may occur at {{convert|3708|m|ft|abbr=off}} in elevation in Colorado. It easily takes hold on rangeland that has been disturbed, and in mature, climax plant communities.[1] This plant, a species of locoweed, is a common cause of poisoning in livestock in North America. Locoweed poisoning is "the most widespread poisonous plant problem in the western United States."[1] Locoweeds cause locoism, a disease state resulting from chronic neurological damage. Symptoms of locoism include depression, blindness, loss of coordination, emaciation, tremors, paralysis, constipation, deterioration of the coat, decreased libido, abortion, seizures,[2] and death. It may also predispose cattle to high mountain brisket disease, a type of congestive heart failure.[3] The toxic agent in the plant is swainsonine, an alkaloid. Animals affected include cattle, sheep, horses, goats,[4] and wildlife such as elk and mule deer.[4] Horses are very susceptible to the poisoning, and do not recover from locoism. Cattle, sheep, and horses[5] find the plant palatable and even preferable to other forages, even when grass is readily available. They may become chemically addicted to the plant.[1] Cattle tend to prefer the flowers and fruits of the plants, which contain higher levels of swainsonine than the leaves.[3] One to three months of heavy exposure can cause death.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 Esser, Lora L. 1993. Oxytropis sericea. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 12-07-2011. 2. ^Stegelmeier, B. L., et al. (1998). Tissue swainsonine clearance in sheep chronically poisoned with locoweed (Oxytropis sericea). Journal of Animal Science 76 1140-44. Retrieved 12-07-2011. 3. ^1 Ralphs, M. H., et al. (1986). [https://www.jstor.org/pss/3899777 Utilization of white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea Nutt.) by range cattle.] Journal of Range Management 39(4) 344-47. Retrieved 12-07-2011. 4. ^1 Stegelmeier, B. L., et al. (2005). Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea)-induced lesions in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Veterinary Pathology 42(5) 566-78. Retrieved 12-07-2011. 5. ^Pfister, J. A., et al. (2002). Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in horses. Journal of Animal Science 80 79-83. Retrieved 12-07-2011. External links
2 : Oxytropis|Plants described in 1838 |
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