| 词条 | P80 (rocket stage) |
| 释义 |
|name = P80 |image = Vega_first_stage_engine_being_transferred_to_the_test_stand.jpg |image_size = 250px |caption = P80 being transferred to the test stand |country_of_origin= Italy, France, Netherlands, Belgium |date = |first_date = 13 February 2012 |last_date = |designer = Avio |manufacturer = Avio |purpose = Main stage solid-fuel rocket |associated = ESA |predecessor = |successor = |status = In use |type = solid |oxidiser = |fuel = Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) |grain = |core = |casing = Carbon-epoxy filament-wound |nozzle = |description = |combustion_chamber= |nozzle_ratio = |thrust = |thrust_at_altitude= |thrust(Vac) = |thrust(SL) = {{convert|2261|kN|abbr=on|sigfig=4|lk=on}} |thrust_to_weight= |chamber_pressure= |specific_impulse= |specific_impulse_vacuum={{convert|280|isp|abbr=on}} |specific_impulse_sea_level= |total_impulse = 240,470 kN s |burn_time = 109.8 s |capacity = {{convert|88365|kg|abbr=on}} |dimensions = |length = {{convert|11.714|m|abbr=on}} |diameter = {{convert|3.005|m|abbr=on}} |dry_weight = {{convert|7330|kg|abbr=on}} |used_in = Vega |references = [1][2]{{rp|5}}[3] |notes = }}P80 is a solid-fuel first-stage rocket motor used on the European Space Agency Vega rocket (in the P80FW version). It is the world's largest and most powerful one-piece solid-fuel rocket engine.[3] HistoryThe P80's development was led by a joint team of ESA, CNES and ASI since 2005, with Avio selected as the prime contractor.[2]{{rp|15}} The first test of the P80 engine was completed at Guiana Space Centre in November 2006 followed by qualification tests in December 2007.[1] The first launch was completed on 13 February 2012,[4][5] with the first commercial launch following on 7 May 2012.[6] Total development cost of the engine reached €76 million.[2]{{rp|15}} OverviewP80 is a single monolithic solid rocket motor propelled by hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene which burns for 109.8 s and is jettisoned at an altitude of 61 km after achieving a relative speed of 1.7 km/s.[2]{{rp|13}}[3] The engine shares specifications with Ariane 5 solid rocket boosters - it has the same 3 meter diameter and similar height to the largest segments of the booster. This allows using the same facilities and equipment at the Guiana Propellant Plant for loading the propellant and transporting the engine to the launch site. The nozzle of the P80 is also a direct evolution of the one used in Ariane 5 boosters.[2]{{rp|5}} The manufacture process is divided among several European companies. Italian Avio manufactures the main motor case loaded with fuel, performs integration of the components, and final testing. French-Italian Europropulsion manufactures the P80 motor while Regulus performs propellant loading. Aerospace Propulsion Products BV from Netherlands builds the igniter.[7] Belgian SABCA produces components for thrust vectoring and the staging skirt. French Herakles manufactures the engine nozzle.[2]{{rp|5}} Future developments{{Infobox rocket engine|name = P120C |image = |image_size = |caption = |country_of_origin= Italy, Germany[8] |date = |first_date = |last_date = |designer = Avio |manufacturer = Avio |purpose = Main stage solid-fuel rocket |associated = ESA |predecessor = |successor = |status = In development |type = solid |oxidiser = |fuel = Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) |grain = |core = |casing = Carbon-epoxy filament-wound |nozzle = |description = |combustion_chamber= |nozzle_ratio = |thrust = |thrust_at_altitude= |thrust(Vac) = |thrust(SL) = {{convert|4500|kN|abbr=on|sigfig=4|lk=on}} |thrust_to_weight= |chamber_pressure= |specific_impulse= {{convert|278.5|isp|abbr=on}} |specific_impulse_vacuum= |specific_impulse_sea_level= |total_impulse = |burn_time = 132.8 s |capacity = {{convert|143600|kg|abbr=on}} |dimensions = |length = {{convert|13.5|m|abbr=on}} |diameter = {{convert|3.4|m|abbr=on}} |dry_weight = {{convert|11000|kg|abbr=on}} |used_in = Vega C, Ariane 6 |references = [9] |notes = }} A wider P120C version of the engine, increasing the propellant mass to 143.6 tons, is in development for use as Ariane 6 boosters and Vega C first stage.[10] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.avio.com/files/catalog/pdf/motore_p80_75.pdf|title=Vega Satellite Launcher|publisher=Avio|format=PDF|accessdate=22 July 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180829/http://www.avio.com/files/catalog/pdf/motore_p80_75.pdf|archivedate=23 September 2015|df=}} {{Rocket engines}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://download.esa.int/docs/VEGA/Vega_PressKit_06-02-2012_EN.pdf|title=Press Kit - Vega qualification flight VV01|publisher=ESA|format=PDF|accessdate=22 July 2014}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.elv.it/en/launcher-vega/composizione-lanciatore/primo-stadio/|title=Vega Launcher - Launcher Composition|publisher=European Launch Vehicle S.p.A. P.IVA|accessdate=22 July 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023240/http://www.elv.it/en/launcher-vega/composizione-lanciatore/primo-stadio/|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Launchers/Launch_vehicles/Vega3/ESA_s_new_Vega_launcher_scores_success_on_maiden_flight|title=ESA's new Vega launcher scores success on maiden flight.|publisher=ESA|date=13 February 2012|accessdate=16 December 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/vega-maiden-launch-goes-to-plan-368170/|title=Vega maiden launch goes to plan|publisher=Flightglobal|date=13 February 2012|accessdate=16 December 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/vegas-second-success-confirms-functionality-385689/|title=Vega's second success 'confirms functionality'|publisher=Flightglobal|date=9 May 2013 |accessdate=16 December 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.appbv.nl/index.asp?grp_id=3|title=APP: Space - Specialist in the development and production of igniters for rocket engines|date=2013-05-07|author=APP Aerospace Propulsion Products B.V.|accessdate=2014-01-14}} 8. ^spacenews.com/esa-decision-frees-up-full-funding-for-ariane-6-rocket/ 9. ^http://www.avio.com/en/ariane/ariane-6/p120c-motor/ 10. ^http://www.avio.com/en/ariane/ariane-6/p120c-motor/ 2 : Rocket stages|Solid-fuel rockets |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。