| 词条 | Stephen Friedman (PFIAB) |
| 释义 |
|name = Stephen Friedman |office = Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board |president = George W. Bush Barack Obama |term_start = December 20, 2005 |term_end = October 28, 2009 |predecessor = Jim Langdon |successor = Chuck Hagel David Boren |office1 = 5th Director of the National Economic Council |president1 = George W. Bush |term_start1 = December 12, 2002 |term_end1 = January 10, 2005 |predecessor1 = Larry Lindsey |successor1 = Al Hubbard |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|12|21}} |birth_place = {{nowrap|New York City, New York, U.S.}} |death_date = |death_place = |party = Republican |spouse = Barbara Benioff |children = David Benioff (born David Friedman) 2 daughters |education = Cornell University {{small|(A.B.)}} Columbia Law School {{small|(J.D.)}} }} Stephen "Steve" Friedman (born December 21, 1937[1]) is the former Chairman of the United States President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. He was nominated on October 27, 2005, to replace Brent Scowcroft in the position. Early life and educationFriedman was born in New York City, to a Jewish family. He received his BA from Cornell University[2] in 1959 and his law degree from Columbia University Law School[3] in 1962.[4] At Cornell he was a wrestler[5] and a member of the Quill and Dagger society.[6] At Columbia he was on the Law Review.[7] CareerIn 1966 Friedman joined Goldman Sachs and became a partner in 1973. From 1987 until November 1990 he was the co-chief operating officer and either co-chairman or chairman between 1990 and 1994.[8] Friedman re-joined the board of Goldman in April 2005, and stepped down from serving on the board on May 22, 2013.[9] In 1998 Friedman joined Stone Point Capital LLC. He also served as Senior Advisor at Crestview Partners, LP and a Special Limited Partner and Member of the Executive Advisory Board of Insight Venture Partners.[10] From 1998 to 2002, he served as a senior principal of Marsh & McLennan Capital Corp.[11][12] In March 1999 President Clinton announced his intention to appoint Friedman and Crescencio S. Arcos to serve as Members of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board.[13] From December 2002 to December 2004 Friedman was United States Assistant to President George W. Bush for Economic Policy as well as the director of the National Economic Council.[14] On October 27, 2005 Friedman was asked to replace Brent Scowcroft as the Chairman of the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.[15] Chairman of New York Federal Reserve BoardFriedman was the Chairman of the New York Federal Reserve Board, a body which implements the Wall Street policies of the Federal Reserve, during a period of immense financial market upheaval, from January 2008 until May 7, 2009.[16] When Goldman Sachs was converted to a bank holding company in September 2008 the bank then came under the regulatory authority of the New York Fed, which made Friedman’s position as a member of Goldman Sachs’ board a violation of Federal Reserve policy. At the time of the conversion Friedman requested a waiver from this violation, which was granted about 10 weeks later.[17] On May 7, 2009, Friedman resigned as Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.[18] In his letter of resignation Friedman explains why: ‘Last Fall, after Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. became a bank holding company, I agreed to remain on the Board, pursuant to the waiver authority of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, to provide continuity during a time of financial market instability. Today, although I have been in compliance with the rules, my public service motivated continuation on the Reserve Bank Board is being mis-characterized as improper. The Federal Reserve System has important work to do and does not need this distraction.’[19] Friedman was criticized for seemingly benefiting from his role as Chair of the New York Fed branch due to the federal government's aid to Goldman Sachs in recent months. He had "remain[ed] on the board of Goldman even as he was supposedly regulating [Goldman]; in order to rectify the problem, he applied for, and got, a conflict of interest waiver from the government. Friedman was also supposed to divest himself of his Goldman stock after Goldman became a bankholding company, but thanks to the waiver, he was allowed to go out and buy 52,000 additional shares in his old bank, leaving him $3 million richer," as one report put it.[20] Friedman's resignation announcement came within an hour of the government's release of the 2009 stress tests for 19 U.S. financial institutions. Public serviceFriedman is involved in several public service activities, including Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Columbia University,[21] Chairman Emeritus of the Executive Committee of the Brookings Institution,[22] and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.[23] He is also a benefactor of his alma mater Cornell University, particularly its wrestling program as the college's wrestling building is known as the Friedman Center.[24] Personal lifeStephen Friedman is married to Barbara Benioff, chairwoman of the board of governors of Hebrew Union College. The couple live on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, and have three children: two daughters, Susan and Caroline, and a son, David Benioff. Benioff, who goes by his mother’s maiden name, is a writer, screenwriter and creator of Game of Thrones. David is married to actress Amanda Peet.[25] Friedman's brother is Richard Friedman, a law professor at the University of Michigan and a leading expert in the Confrontation Clause of the United States Constitution.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} References1. ^{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0CEFD9103AF930A25751C1A9649C8B63|title= Man in the News; Economic Adviser From Other Side of the Deficit -- Stephen Friedman|last=McGeehan|first=Patrick|date=December 13, 2002|publisher=New York Times}} {{s-start}}{{s-bus}}{{s-bef|before=Bob Rubin}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair and Chief Executive Officer of Goldman Sachs|years=1992–1994}}{{s-aft|after=Jon Corzine}}2. ^{{cite web|title=Stephen Friedman|url=http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/orgchart/board/friedman.html|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of New York|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=January 2008}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Stephen Friedman|url=http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/orgchart/board/friedman.html|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of New York|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=January 2008}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Keynote Speaker: Stephen Friedman|url=http://web.law.columbia.edu/graduation/2005/keynote|publisher=Columbia Law School|accessdate=10 September 2014|quote=Mr. Friedman, a 1962 graduate of the law school, spent 28 years with Goldman Sachs & Company where he served as co-chairman (1990-1992) and chairman and senior partner (1992-1994.)}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Friedlander|first1=Blaine|title=Cornell to open nation's first dedicated wrestling center, named for alumni Stephen Friedman and trustee Barbara Benioff Friedman|url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2003/01/cornell-open-nations-first-dedicated-wrestling-center|publisher=Cornell Chronicle|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=Jan 20, 2003|quote=Stephen Friedman is a former Cornell wrestling star and 1959 graduate.}} 6. ^{{cite journal|title=Cornell Alumni News|date=15 June 1958|issue=LX (18)}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Keynote Speaker: Stephen Friedman|url=http://web.law.columbia.edu/graduation/2005/keynote|publisher=Columbia Law School|accessdate=10 September 2014|quote=Columbia University Law School, LL.B., 1962 (Law Review)}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Stephen Friedman|url=http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/orgchart/board/friedman.html|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of New York|accessdate=10 September 2014|quote=He was vice chairman and co-chief operating officer from 1987 to November 1990, and co-chairman or chairman from 1990 to 1994.}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=ALDEN|first1=WILLIAM|title=Stephen Friedman to Retire From Goldman Board|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/04/04/stephen-friedman-to-retire-from-goldman-board/|website=DealB%k|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=April 4, 2013|quote=He joined Goldman’s board in April 2005./A onetime leader of Goldman who worked at the firm for nearly 30 years, Mr. Friedman is stepping down on May 22, the day before Goldman’s annual shareholder meeting.}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Executive Profile: Stephen Friedman|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=422858&privcapId=21651&previousCapId=358534&previousTitle=ENI%20SPA|publisher=Bloomberg Business Week|accessdate=10 September 2014|quote=Mr. Stephen Friedman serves as a Senior Advisor at Crestview Partners, L.P. He also serves as a Special Limited Partner and Member of Executive Advisory Board of Insight Venture Partners. Mr. Friedman joined Stone Point Capital LLC in 1998.}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Marsh & McLennan|url=http://www.nndb.com/company/506/000062320/|publisher=NNDB: Tracking the World|accessdate=10 September 2014}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Loch K.|title=The Threat on the Horizon: An Inside Account of America's Search for Security After the Cold War|date=January 12, 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=40|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oF6ElDGX3uYC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=Marsh+%26+Mclennan+stephen+friedman&source=bl&ots=MHjPj6UcOj&sig=dF4HgRjIqWwrWTcH3iAT0nuRwZ4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0kgMVO2nNoSJ7AbOqoDYAg&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Marsh%20%26%20Mclennan%20stephen%20friedman&f=false|accessdate=10 September 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=TEXT: CLINTON NAMES ARCOS & FRIEDMAN TO INTELLIGENCE BOARD|url=https://fas.org/irp/news/1999/03/99032413_tlt.htm|website=Federation of American Scientists|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=March 24, 1999|quote=President Clinton announced March 24 his intent to appoint Cresencio S. Arcos and Stephen Friedman to serve as Members of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Stephen Friedman|url=http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/orgchart/board/friedman.html|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of New York|accessdate=10 September 2014|quote=From December 2002 to December 2004, he served as assistant to President George W. Bush for Economic Policy and director of the National Economic Council.}} 15. ^{{cite web|last1=Clemons|first1=Steve|title=Stephen Friedman Named to Chair President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board|url=http://washingtonnote.com/stephen_friedma/|publisher=Washington Note|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=October 27, 2005}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York: 2008 Annual Report|url=http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/annual/annual08/directors.pdf|publisher=New York Federal Reserve|accessdate=10 September 2014|page=83|year=2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116124451/http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/annual/annual08/directors.pdf|archivedate=16 January 2013|df=}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Friedman Resigns as Chairman of New York Fed|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2009/05/07/friedman-resigns-as-chairman-of-new-york-fed/|website=DealB%k|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=May 7, 2009|quote=The New York Fed asked for a waiver, which, after about two and a half months, the Fed granted.}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.newyorkfed.org/newsevents/news/aboutthefed/2009/oa090507.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126063813/http://newyorkfed.org/newsevents/news/aboutthefed/2009/oa090507.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=November 26, 2010 |title=Resignation Letter of Stephen Friedman, Chair of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York |date=May 7, 2009 |work=The Federal Reserve |publisher=The Federal Reserve Bank of New York |accessdate=2009-05-07 }} 19. ^{{cite web|last1=Friedman|first1=Stephen|title=Letter of Resignation to Ben Bernanke|url=http://www.newyorkfed.org/newsevents/news/aboutthefed/2009/oa090507.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126063813/http://newyorkfed.org/newsevents/news/aboutthefed/2009/oa090507.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=November 26, 2010|publisher=Personal Letter|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=May 7, 2009}} 20. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/29127316/the_great_american_bubble_machine/6| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406021652/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/29127316/the_great_american_bubble_machine/6| title=The Great American Bubble Machine| work=Rolling Stone| page=6| archivedate=April 6, 2010| accessdate=Sep 9, 2012| author=Matt Taibbi| date=July 13, 2009}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Keynote Speaker: Stephen Friedman|url=http://web.law.columbia.edu/graduation/2005/keynote|publisher=Columbia Law School|accessdate=10 September 2014|quote=Mr. Friedman has maintaned [sic] a strong commitment [sic] to his alma mater and is Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Columbia University.}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=Stephen Friedman|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/596/000127215/|publisher=NNDB: Tracking the Entire World|accessdate=10 September 2014}} 23. ^{{cite web|last1=McDonald|first1=Duff|title=The man behind Buffett's new man: Stephen Friedman|url=http://fortune.com/2010/10/28/the-man-behind-buffetts-new-man-stephen-friedman/|publisher=Fortune|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=October 28, 2010|quote=Friedman is also a trustee of The Council on Foreign Relations.}} 24. ^{{cite web|last1=Friedlander|first1=Blaine|title=Cornell to open nation's first dedicated wrestling center, named for alumni Stephen Friedman and trustee Barbara Benioff Friedman|url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2003/01/cornell-open-nations-first-dedicated-wrestling-center|publisher=Cornell Chronicle|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=Jan 20, 2003|quote=The $3.5 million facility is named for two Cornell alumni who made the lead gift toward the building, Stephen Friedman, who was appointed to the Bush administration in December, and his wife, Barbara Benioff Friedman.}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Stephen Friedman|url=http://gawker.com/550966/stephen-friedman|publisher=Gawker|accessdate=10 September 2014|date=February 3, 2008}}{{Clarify|reason=ambiguous date format|date=May 2015}} |-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Larry Lindsey}}{{s-ttl|title=Director of the National Economic Council|years=2002–2005}}{{s-aft|after=Al Hubbard}} |-{{s-gov}}{{s-bef|rows=3|before=Jim Langdon}}{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board|years=2005–2009}}{{s-aft|after=David Boren}} |-{{s-aft|rows=2|after=Chuck Hagel}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Intelligence Oversight Board|years=2005–2009}}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Friedman, Stephen}} 13 : 1937 births|American financial businesspeople|American investment bankers|American people of German-Jewish descent|Chairmen of Goldman Sachs|Chief Executive Officers of Goldman Sachs|American chief operating officers|Columbia Law School alumni|Cornell University alumni|Federal Reserve Bank people|Living people|United States presidential advisors|Politicians from New York City |
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