| 词条 | Stephen Gaskin |
| 释义 |
| name = Stephen Gaskin | image = Stephen Gaskin at the Nambassa 3 day Music & Alternatives festival, New Zealand 1981. Photographer Michael Bennetts.jpg | image_size = | alt = Stephen Gaskin at the Nambassa 5 day Music & Alternatives festival, New Zealand, 1981. Photographer: Michael Bennetts. | caption = Stephen Gaskin at the Nambassa 5 day Music & Alternatives festival, New Zealand, 1981. Photographer: Michael Bennetts. | birth_date = {{Birth date|1935|02|16}} | birth_place = Denver, Colorado | death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|07|01|1935|02|16}} | death_place = Summertown, Tennessee | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = Summertown, Tennessee | nationality = American | citizenship = U.S. | education = San Francisco State College, B.A., M.A. | occupation = Activist, speaker, writer | years_active = | employer = | organization = The Farm, Plenty International | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | religion = | denomination = | criminal_charge = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = Carol Groves (1957-1959) Carol Ladas (1961-1964) Margaret Nofziger (1967-1975) Ina May Middleton (1976-2014) | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | callsign = | awards = | website = | footnotes = | box_width = }} Stephen Gaskin (February 16, 1935 – July 1, 2014) was an American counterculture Hippie icon best known for his presence in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco in the 1960s and for co-founding "The Farm", a famous spiritual intentional community in Summertown, Tennessee.[1] He was a Green Party presidential primary candidate in 2000 on a platform which included campaign finance reform, universal health care, and decriminalization of marijuana.[2] He was the author of over a dozen books, political activist, a philanthropic organizer and a self-proclaimed professional Hippie. LifeGaskin was born in Denver, Colorado and served in the US Marine Corps from 1952 to 1955. In the 1960s, he moved to San Francisco and taught English, creative writing, and general semantics at San Francisco State College, where he was a student of S. I. Hayakawa.[3][4] Stephen Gaskin's writing class evolved into an open discussion group known as Monday Night Class, which involved up to 1500 students. The Monday Night Class was held in "The Family Dog", an auditorium on the Great Highway on the land side of Ocean Beach on the shore of the Pacific Ocean in the Outer Richmond neighborhood of San Francisco. Stephen Gaskin spoke about his experiences with psychedelic drugs and paranormal experiences, as well as lecturing on the importance of ecological awareness. This popular weekly gathering was attended by hippies from all over the San Francisco Bay Area during the years 1969 and 1970. Stephen became known as San Francisco's acid guru. In 1970, Gaskin was part of a caravan of 60 vehicles that crossed the United States to settle 60 miles south-west of Nashville, Tennessee, forming a community called "The Farm", which the Wall Street Journal came to call "the General Motors of American Communes".[3] This community was "a platform from which to launch efforts to improve the lot of poor and indigenous peoples, whales, and old growth trees"[3] For example, raising 1,200 earthquake-resistant homes in Guatemala as well as several public buildings and water lines to 5 villages, sending independent dosimetry teams after the Three Mile Island accident and the Chernobyl disaster, or giving the Rainbow Warrior equipment to escape from a Spanish harbor.[3] He went to prison in 1974 for marijuana possession, as members of the community had, against his recommendation, planted several marijuana plants on the property.[2] He served one year of a three-year sentence.[2] Following his release, his voting rights were rescinded. He brought a lawsuit challenging the legality of mass retroactive disenfranchisement under the Tennessee Constitution, Gaskin v. Collins. After winning in lower courts, the case went to the Tennessee Supreme Court and in 1981 returned voting rights to more than a quarter of a million convicts.[2][5] In Volume One: Sunday Morning Services on the Farm and earlier talks, Stephen Gaskin produced a substantial body of spiritual teaching. His ideas are now contained in books and tapes of the Sunday Morning Services which were published by the Book Publishing Company on The Farm. They speak of magic, energy and life in community as well as of service to humanity.[6] Gaskin was recipient of the first Right Livelihood Award in 1980 (listed as Plenty International) and an inductee into the Counterculture Hall of Fame in 2004. He was awarded the Golden Bolt Award by The Farm Motor Pool (for helping buy a lemon semi), and won the Guru-Off (without even entering), racking up 77 points to Krishnamurti's 73.[7] Gaskin continued to work as an international activist, writer and speaker until a few months before his death from natural causes, in his home, surrounded by family. His topics ranged from humorous advice on all aspects of communal life and farming to modern communications, the counter-culture, spirituality, drug law reform, and social and ecological issues. He was a drummer in The Farm Band, an early Jam Band which toured in the seventies and eighties. His last published works were revised and annotated versions of Monday Night Class and The Caravan. He died on July 1, 2014 from natural causes at the age of 79.[4][8] BibliographyIn order of first publication date.{{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1964 |title=Forty Miles of Bad Road |type=Fiction, typed manuscript |oclc=6235330}} {{interp|[https://www.worldcat.org/title/forty-miles-of-bad-road/oclc/6235330#details WorldCat.org]: A creative work submitted to San Francisco State College in partial fulfillment for the degree Master of Arts.}} Copy available at the San Francisco State University Library. {{closed access}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=2005 |origyear=1970 |title=Monday Night Class |url=http://authorize.alexanderstreet.com/access/resolution/52e72dfc9ccea |others=Recorded and transcribed by William Meyers |edition=Rev. and annotated |location=Summertown, TN, USA |publisher=The Book Publishing Company |isbn=9781570671814 |oclc=318941623 |subscription=yes}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=2007 |origyear=1972 |title=The Caravan |edition=Rev. |location=Summertown, TN, USA |publisher=The Book Publishing Company |isbn=9781570671951 |oclc=77004166}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |others=Farmer-Centred Agricultural Resource Management Programme |year=1974 |title=Hey Beatnik!: This is the Farm Book |location=Summertown, TN, USA |publisher=The Book Publishing Company |oclc=1309762 |asin=B0006W3AZE}} This book was printed on low quality paper which deteriorated rapidly. A few copies are in library inventories. {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |editor1-last=McClure |editor1-first=Matthew |year=1977 |title=Volume One: Sunday Morning Services on The Farm |location=Summertown, TN, USA |publisher=The Book Publishing Company |isbn=9789139900863 |oclc=4128110}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1977 |title=Stephen Speaks to San Francisco |type=Pamphlet |location=Summertown, TN, USA |publisher=The Book Publishing Company |oclc=23292310 |asin=B000722Y14}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1978 |title=This Season's People: A Book of Spiritual Teachings |location=Summertown, TN, USA |publisher=The Book Publishing Company |isbn= 9780913990056 |oclc=3049964}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1980 |origyear=1979 |title=Mind at Play |location=Summertown, TN, USA |publisher=The Book Publishing Company |isbn=9780913990247 |oclc=609405566}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1999 |origyear=1980 |title=Amazing Dope Tales |edition=Third |location=Berkeley, CA, USA |publisher=Ronin Publishing |isbn=9781579510107 |oclc=41419976}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1980 |title=Amazing dope tales and Haight Ashbury flashbacks |location=Summertown, TN, USA |publisher=The Book Publishing Company |isbn=9780913990292 |oclc=7817614}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1983 |title=Irrwitzige Dope-Geschichten und Erinnerungen an Haight-Ashbury |language=German |location=Linden, Germany |publisher=Volksverl |oclc=74755699 |asin=B0024HN626 |asin-tld=de}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1990 |title=Haight Ashbury Flashbacks |edition=Second |location=Berkeley, CA, USA |publisher=Ronin Publishing |isbn=9780914171300 |oclc=23609888}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1986 |origyear=1981 |title=Rendered Infamous: A Book of Political Reality |location= Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780913990322 |oclc=644929240}} {{cite journal |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |date=May 1983 |title=The Hidden Holocaust |journal=New Age Journal |location=Boston, MA |publisher=Rising Star Associates |issn=0746-3618 |oclc=679402858 }} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1983 |title=The Hidden Holocaust: Stephen Gaskin Reveals What's Really Going On in Guatemala |location=Summertown, TN, USA |publisher=Plenty International |oclc=656850481}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=1997 |origyear=1996 |title=Cannabis Spirituality: Including 13 Guidelines for Sanity and Safety |location=New York, NY |publisher=High Times |edition=Second |isbn=9780964785861 |oclc=39608629}} {{cite book |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |author-mask=1 |year=2000 |origyear= |title=An Outlaw in My Heart: A Political Activist's User's Manual |location=Philadelphia, PA, USA |publisher=Camino Books |isbn=9780940159648 |oclc=680493217}} See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web |last=Meunier |first=Rachel |origyear=1994-12-17 |date=2007-11-08 |url=http://www.thefarm.org/lifestyle/cmnl.html |title=Communal Living in the Late 60s and Early 70s |work=thefarm.org |publisher=The Farm |location=Summertown, TN |accessdate=2014-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67cpqbLC9?url=http://www.thefarm.org/lifestyle/cmnl.html |archivedate=2012-05-13 |df= }} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |last1=Gaskin |first1=Stephen |date=Spring 2000 |title=Stephen Gaskin for President |url=http://www.greens.org/s-r/22/22-03.html |journal=Synthesis/Regeneration |location=St. Louis, MO |publisher=Gateway Green Education Foundation |issue=22 |issn=1083-7639 |id={{OCLC|494613727|494613727}} |accessdate=2014-02-01}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite conference |url=http://www.thefarm.org/lifestyle/albertbates/akbp3.html |title=J. Edgar Hoover and The Farm |last=Bates |first=Albert |authorlink=Albert Bates |date=1993-10-16 |conference=International Communal Studies Conference on Culture, Thought and Living in Community, New Harmony, IN, USA. |work=thefarm.org |publisher=The Farm |location=Summertown, TN |accessdate=2014-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819194429/http://www.thefarm.org/lifestyle/albertbates/akbp3.html |archivedate=2013-08-19 |df= }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Martin|first1=Douglas|title=Stephen Gaskin, Hippie Who Founded an Enduring Commune, Dies at 79|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/03/us/stephen-gaskin-hippie-who-founded-an-enduring-commune-dies-at-79.html|website=The New York Times|publisher=New York Times|date=2 July 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1787684/gaskin-v-collins/ | title=Gaskin v. Collins, 661 S.W.2d 865 (Tenn. 1983) | publisher=Free Law Project | work=CourtListener | date=December 12, 1983 | accessdate=August 12, 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thefarm.org/lifestyle/sg.html |title=Stephen Gaskin |website=thefarm.org |publisher=The Farm |location=Summertown, TN |accessdate=2014-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126121152/http://www.thefarm.org/lifestyle/sg.html |archivedate=2014-01-26 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.globalideasbank.org/site/bank/idea.php?ideaId=1832 |title=How to rate a guru? |author=pekelhc |website=www.globalideasbank.org |series= |publisher=Global Ideas Bank |location=UK |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518024324/http://www.globalideasbank.org/site/bank/idea.php?ideaId=1832 |archivedate=2013-05-18 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2014-02-01}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.newschannel5.com/story/25920627/stephen-gaskin-hippie-leader-and-farm-founder-dies|title=Stephen Gaskin, Hippie Leader And Farm Founder, Dies|publisher=newschannel5.com|date=July 2, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707050321/http://www.newschannel5.com/story/25920627/stephen-gaskin-hippie-leader-and-farm-founder-dies|archivedate=July 7, 2014|df=}} References
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