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词条 Pacific Northwest windstorm
释义

  1. Categories and frequency

     Notable Pacific Northwest windstorms 

  2. References

  3. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}

Pacific Northwest windstorms, sometimes colloquially known as Big Blows,[1] are extratropical cyclones which form in the Pacific basin, and affect land areas in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and British Columbia, Canada. They form as cyclonic windstorms associated with areas of low atmospheric pressure that track across the North Pacific Ocean towards western North America. Deep low pressure areas are relatively common over the North Pacific. They are most common in the winter months. On average, the month when most windstorms form is December.

The closest analogue to these storms are European windstorms, which develop over the eastern portion of the North Atlantic Ocean as opposed to the North Pacific.[2]

Categories and frequency

Office of Washington State Climatologist Windstorm Categories[3]
Average Peak Instant Gust (mph) Windstorm Category Approximate Return Interval
39-44 Minor Several per year
45-54 Moderate Annual
55-64 Major Once every 2–3 years
65-74 Extreme Once every 5–10 years
75+ Phenomenal Once every 25–50 years

Notable Pacific Northwest windstorms

  • 1880: Great Gale of 1880
  • 1921: January 29, the Great Olympic Blowdown.
  • 1962: Columbus Day Storm began life as tropical storm Typhoon Frieda/Freda.
  • 1979: February 13 windstorm leads to the catastrophic failure of the Hood Canal Bridge.
  • 1981: Friday the 13th Windstorms, November 13–15.[4]
  • 1990: November 22–24, Mercer island bridge sinking Washington state.[5]
  • 1993: Inauguration Day windstorm, January 20. Claimed five lives, 750,000 homes and businesses without power with total damage in western Washington of $130 million.[6]
  • 1995: December 11–12.[7]
  • 2002: South Valley Surprise of 2002
  • 2006: Hannukah Eve windstorm.[8]
  • 2007: Great Coastal Gale of 2007
  • 2015: August 29–30 windstorm knocking out power to 710,000 customers in British Columbia's Lower Mainland region. Several municipalities in Metro Vancouver were without power for three days; causing the largest outage in BC Hydro's recorded history.[9][10]
  • 2016: Ides of October storm, Typhoon Sondga transitioned into an extratropical storm as it crossed the North Pacific and approached the west coast of North America. Originally, expected to be a historic windstorm to make a direct hit on Washington State, the worst of the storm ended up staying offshore. Despite this, coastal regions reported winds as high as 100 mph and an EF-2 tornado touched down in Manzanita.[11]
  • 2018: December 20th, as winds approached (and occasionally exceeded) 100 km/h, trees came down, high seas cancelled ferries and over 310,000 customers in British Columbia lost power. One man needed to be rescued by helicopter from the damaged White Rock Pier and a woman was killed in Duncan after being struck by a tree.[12]

References

1. ^{{cite journal|last=Knox|first=John A.|author2=Frye, John D. |author3=Durkee, Joshua D. |author4= Fuhrmann, Christopher M. |title=Non-Convective High Winds Associated with Extratropical Cyclones|journal=Geography Compass|year=2011|volume=5|issue=2|pages=63–89|doi=10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00395.x|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:rgSzV7obbHcJ:people.wku.edu/joshua.durkee/publications/Knox%2520et%2520al.%2520%5B2011%5D%2520Nonconvective%2520high%2520winds%2520associated%2520with%2520extratropical%2520cyclones.pdf+stingjet+pacific+northwest&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi0wjhAU2xFCI99gr3I5his6Yytn-uRRTmWRlTVHMkL5PuzsTXL8OYAI5x8YNEGyvlTq2aTC_IreVEymqMJRGGJZne0Tu6BFZSyroRJP2Bc-CChiDJyb7RkXrUpBdHVfaceAmwA&sig=AHIEtbQcW7fmFNXD2bbGhnSV8aLvNFVjzQ|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Mass|first=Clifford|author2=Dotson, Brigid|title=Major Extratropical Cyclones of the Northwest United States: Historical Review, Climatology, and Synoptic Environment|journal=Monthly Weather Review|year=2010|volume=138|issue=7|pages=2499–2527|doi=10.1175/2010MWR3213.1|url=http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/2010MWR3213.1|accessdate=August 18, 2013|bibcode = 2010MWRv..138.2499M }}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Some Historical Weather Events in the Pacific Northwest|url=http://www.climate.washington.edu/stormking/|publisher=Office of Washington State Climatologist|accessdate=April 15, 2013}}
4. ^{{cite web|last=Read|first=Wolf|title=Two Windstorms in Three Days November 13–15, 1981|url=http://www.climate.washington.edu/stormking/November1981.html|publisher=The Storm King, hosted by the Office of Washington State Climatologist|accessdate=April 17, 2013}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Wind Storms|url=http://www.seattle.gov/emergency/hazards/windstorms.htm|publisher=Office of Emergency Management, Seattle|accessdate=April 15, 2013}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Washington's Top 10 Weather Events of 1900s|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/pqr/paststorms/washington10.php|publisher=National Weather Service, Portland Oregon|accessdate=April 17, 2013}}
7. ^{{cite web|last=Read|first=Wolf|title=The Major West Coast Windstorm of December 12, 1995|url=http://www.climate.washington.edu/stormking/December1995.html|publisher=The Storm King, hosted by the Office of Washington State Climatologist|accessdate=April 14, 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|last=Read|first=Wolf|title=December 14-15, 2006 Windstorm|url=http://www.climate.washington.edu/stormking/December2006.html|publisher=The Storm King, hosted by the Office of Washington State Climatologist|accessdate=April 14, 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web|last=Pawson|first=Chad|title=B.C. Lower Mainland storm cuts power to 400,000 homes|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-lower-mainland-storm-cuts-power-to-400-000-homes-1.3208698|date=August 29, 2015|publisher=CBC News|accessdate=October 14, 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web|last=|first=|title=B.C. storm: 'Largest outage event' in BC Hydro history|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-storm-hydro-1.3210919|date=September 1, 2015|publisher=CBC News|accessdate=October 14, 2017}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=The mid-October windstorm in the Pacific Northwest {{!}} NOAA Climate.gov|url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/windstorm-impacts-pacific-northwest?platform=hootsuite|accessdate=1 November 2016|publisher=www.climate.gov|date=28 October 2016}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4783958/bc-storm-photos/|title=In pictures: Powerful December windstorm blasts B.C.’s south coast {{!}} Globalnews.ca|date=2018-12-20|website=globalnews.ca|language=en|access-date=2019-02-24}}

External links

  • Wolf Read: The Storm King- Some Historical Weather Events in the Pacific Northwest
  • KCTS9 Science Cafe: Great Windstorms of the Pacific Northwest with Dr. Cliff Mass
{{Extratropical cyclones}}

6 : Extratropical cyclones|Natural disasters in Oregon|Natural disasters in Washington (state)|Pacific Northwest storms|Weather events in the United States|Weather events in Canada
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