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词条 Pakistan Zindabad
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. History

  3. Battle cry

  4. Notable usage

      Political   Use in India   National days    Sports    Media  

  5. See also

  6. References

{{distinguish|Pakistan Zindabad (song)}}Pakistan Zindabad ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|پاکستان زِنده باد}}}} — {{transl|ur|Pākistān Zindah bād}}, {{IPA-ur|ˌpaːkɪsˈt̪aːn ˈzɪnˌd̪aːˈbaːd̪}}; {{lit|Long Live Pakistan}}) is a slogan used by Pakistanis as an expression of victory or patriotism, often used in political speeches.[1][2] Its use started even before the creation of Pakistan, during the later phase of the Pakistan Movement.[3] The slogan became a battle cry and greeting for the Muslim League, which was struggling for an independent country for the Muslims of South Asia, when World War II ended and the independence movement geared up.[4] During the partition the slogan was shouted when trains transporting Muslims entered Pakistan.[5] Pakistan Zindabad is also the National slogan of Pakistan.[6]

Etymology

The slogan is a use of the standard Urdu and Persian suffix Zindabad (Long Live) that is placed after a person or a country name. It is used to express victory, patriotism or as a prayer.[2][7]{{Failed verification|date=July 2012}} In literal translation, Pakistan Zindabad means "Long Live Pakistan"; it also is rendered as "Victory to Pakistan".[4][8]

History

The Pakistan Zindabad slogan was first raised during the Pakistan Movement. Muslims at that time often wrote the slogan on handkerchiefs or pillowcases.[9]{{Better source|date=July 2012}} The slogan was equally heard as Jai Hind during a visit by a British parliamentary delegation led by Robert Richards to Delhi, after the British government decided to leave India.[10] On 23 December 1940, the Bihar Muslim Student Federation passed a resolution to adopt Pakistan Zindabad as their national slogan at every meeting, conference or gathering.[11] In 1941, during the days of the Pakistan Movement, Muhammad Ali Jinnah on a visit to Ootacamund was received by a crowd of Muslims chanting Pakistan Zindabad; among them was a young boy of about 10 years age, who was scantily clothed. Jinnah called him and asked, "You were shouting Pakistan Zindabad, what do you know about Pakistan?" The boy replied, "I do not know very much about Pakistan. I only know that Pakistan means Muslim rule where many Muslims live, and Hindu rule where Hindus live," to which Jinnah observed that his message had reached the people and remarked that now the struggle for Pakistan was unstoppable.[12]

During the fight for an independent Pakistan the cry of Pakistan Zindabad was raised by the locals to welcome the refugees coming to Pakistan.[13] The refugees also raised the cry in jubilation when they crossed the border.[14][15] The slogans of Pakistan Zindabad and its counterpart, Hindustan Zindabad, notably found negative usage in communal riots associated with the fight for independence.[16][17]

On 14 August 1947, Muhammad Ali Jinnah's motorcade was welcomed by shouts of Pakistan Zindabad, Quaid-e-Azam Zindabad and flower petals all along his way from the Governor General's residence to the Constituent Assembly building and back, where he attended the Proclamation of Independence and a hoisting ceremony of the Pakistan flag.[18]

Battle cry

{{expand section|date=October 2014}}

In 1947, during the First Kashmir War, an outpost of the Jammu and Kashmir State force that were under the operational control of Indian Army[19] reported cries of Pakistan Zindabad coming from Haji Pir Pass. Assuming that the pass was invaded and occupied by Pakistanis, the Jammu and Kashmir State forces withdrew from the area and burnt a strategically important bridge. They later discovered it was a false alarm; the men were friendly forces of the Indian Army occupying the pass, who were cut off from Poonch after the bridge was blown away.[20]

Notable usage

{{expand section|date=October 2014}}

Political

The Saudi King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz in a meeting with Chief of Army Staff Ashfaq Pervez Kayani repeatedly raised the slogan to show his friendship with Pakistan, during his visit to the country in 2009.[21]

Use in India

A Brass merchant shop at Moradabad was raided by Indian Police on 6 July 1948, upon getting information that the shop had utensils with "Pakistan Zindabad" markings on them.[22] During the Muharram Processions in 1956, following communal discord Muslim youths raised the slogan; later in the same year it was heard during a procession organized by students of the Aligarh Muslim University, in protest against a book Religious Leaders published by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan; however, raising of any anti-nationalism slogan was denied by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in the Indian parliament.[23][24]

The slogan has also been raised in Jammu and Kashmir (or Indian-administered Kashmir.[25][26][27][28]).[29] In 1985, a Kashmiri was detained by the local police on a number of charges including raising of the slogan "Pakistan Zindabad", which was called an anti-national and provocative slogan.[30] On 13 October 1983, during a limited over cricket match between West Indies and India at Sher-i-Kashmir Stadium, Srinagar, spectators, including a group of spectators consisting of members of the Jamait-Tuleba, the student wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami, cheered India's defeat with cries of Pakistan Zindabad.[31][32]

National days

  • Independence Day slogans – closely related to independence.[33] The slogan is used in speeches and rallies carried out on this day across the world, where Pakistanis celebrate the day.[34]

Sports

  • Pakistani cricket matches.[7] The slogan is used during Pakistan's cricket matches to support the team and also in jubilation if the team wins, especially big tournaments; historical examples include the 1992 Cricket World Cup,[35] 2009 ICC World Twenty20.[36]

Media

  • Pakistan Zindabad (song) – de facto national anthem of East Pakistan.
  • TV and radio shows, including a programme on Radio Pakistan.[37]
  • A documentary named Pakistan Zindabad was aired on Sveriges Television in 2007, documenting the sixty-year history of Pakistan.[38]

See also

  • Pakistani nationalism
  • Pakistan khappay, the Sindhi equivalent
  • Joy Bangla
  • Pakistan Zindabad (song)
  • Vive, Viva

References

1. ^{{cite web|author=Henna Rakheja May 15, 2012, DHNS |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/249463/manto-brought-life.html |title=Manto brought to life |publisher=Deccanherald.com |date=2012-05-14 |accessdate=2012-06-06}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-14444-Pakistan-India-have-no-option-but-to-promote-peace-Shahbaz |title=Pakistan, India have no option but to promote peace: Shahbaz |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |accessdate=2012-06-06}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Wolpert|first=Stanley|title=Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJHTif-WA6oC&pg=PA18|accessdate=24 July 2012|date=3 September 2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-539394-1|page=18}}
4. ^1 {{cite book|title=India|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0520221727|pages=103–104|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nHnOERqf-MQC&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Stanley Wolpert|accessdate=22 June 2012|date=12 October 1999}}
5. ^{{cite book|title=Tracking Modernity: India's Railway and the Culture of Mobility|publisher=University Of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0816665600|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpxjXZL6rNsC&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Marian Aguiar|accessdate=22 June 2012|page=86|date=4 March 2011}}
6. ^{{cite book|title=Pakistan Chronicle|year=2010|publisher=Wirsa Publishers|location=94/1, 26th St., Ph. 6, D.H.A., Karachi, Pakistan|isbn=9789699454004|page=880|author=Aqeel Abbas Jafari|edition=First|language=Urdu}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/canada/content/current/story/564854.html |title=International XI v Asia XI, Toronto: Fans' enthusiasm shields farcical organisation of Toronto T20 | Canada Cricket Features |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |accessdate=2012-06-06}}
8. ^{{cite book|title=The Roots of Rhetoric: Politics of Nuclear Weapons in India and Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcTfwCZ0lR4C&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81 |author=Haider K. Nizamani |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2000 |isbn=9780275968779 |page=81}}
9. ^{{cite book|title=Muslim Separatism and the Partition of India|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8126902385|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKZMsbNeGmIC&pg=PA115#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Debadutta Chakravarty|accessdate=24 June 2012|page=115}}
10. ^{{cite book|title=Gandhi's Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=USA|isbn=978-0195156348|pages=216|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXzdibsUYjgC&pg=PA216#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Stanley Wolpert|accessdate=23 June 2012|date=28 November 2002}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=Bihar's Muslim Students' Slogan: Pakistan Zindabad|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PM0-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=YEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1439,2951942|accessdate=24 June 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=27 December 1940|location=Patna|page=8}}
12. ^{{cite book|title=The nation's voice, towards consolidation : speeches and statements / Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah|year=1992|publisher=Quaid-i-Azam Academy|location=Karachi|isbn=9694780004|pages=255–256|author=Mohammad Ali Jinnah|editor=Waheed Ahmad|volume=1}}
13. ^{{cite book|title=Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521002509|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLhnFet4w4C&pg=PA150#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Gyanendra Pandey|accessdate=24 June 2012|page=150|date=14 January 2002}}
14. ^{{cite book |title=1947: A Memoir of Indian Independence |publisher=Trafford Publishing |isbn=978-1426915017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TdlikbiWZIQC&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false |author=M. Zahir |accessdate=23 June 2012 |page=93 |date=4 November 2009}}
15. ^{{cite book|title=A Medical Doctor Examines Life on Three Continents, A Pakistani View|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=978-0875866338|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNNMoORpiTcC&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=S. Akhtar Ehtisham|accessdate=23 June 2012|page=40|date=1 October 2008}}
16. ^{{cite book |page=43 |title=Borders & Boundaries: Women in India's Partition |author=Ritu Menon |author2=Kamla Bhasin |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1998 |isbn=9780813525525 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNN4SE7cL60C&pg=PA43&dq=Hindustan+Zindabad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IlbPT7yGN8_prQe0tMCjDA&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Hindustan%20Zindabad&f=false}}
17. ^{{cite book|page=43|title=Borders & Boundaries: Women in India's Partition|author=Ritu Menon|author2=Kamla Bhasin|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=1998|isbn=9780813525525|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNN4SE7cL60C&pg=PA43&dq=Hindustan+Zindabad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IlbPT7yGN8_prQe0tMCjDA&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Hindustan%20Zindabad&f=false}}
18. ^{{cite book|title=My Years in Blue Uniform|year=2006|publisher=PAF Book Club|location=Karachi|pages=79–81|author=Mian Atta Rabbani}}
19. ^{{cite book|title=Indian Army After Independence|date=August 2009|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1935501107|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4p8tHVpzbGUC&pg=PA129#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=K. C. Praval|accessdate=15 July 2012|page=129}}
20. ^{{cite book|title=Slender Was the Thread|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-0861316922|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYHXmx4cOUsC&pg=PA123#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=L. P. Sen|accessdate=25 June 2012|page=123|date=1 January 1994}}
21. ^{{cite news|title=Saudi king assures full support to Pakistan|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%2F04%2F13%2Fstory_13-4-2009_pg7_5|accessdate=24 June 2012|newspaper=Daily Times|date=13 April 2009|location=Islamabad}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Brass Engraved Slogans|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j9I-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=k0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6064%2C673707|accessdate=24 June 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=8 July 1948|location=Moradabad|page=1}}
23. ^{{cite book|title=Muslims in India: Attitudes Adjustments and Reactions|date=February 1988|publisher=Northern Book Centre|isbn=978-8185119267|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXryl8xgQ5UC&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Qamar Hassan|accessdate=21 June 2012|page=77}}
24. ^{{cite book|title=The Production Of Hindu-Muslim Violence In Contemporary India|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0295985060|pages=76–77|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRxmxMttBScC&pg=PA76#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Paul R. Brass|accessdate=22 June 2012|date=15 May 2011}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2012/04/07/235115/general-strike-indianadministered-kashmir/|title=General strike hits Indian-administered Kashmir|publisher=Press TV.Ir|date=2012-04-07|accessdate=2012-07-23}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://kashmirprocess.org/|title=BURIED EVIDENCE:|publisher=Kashmir Process.Org|date=2009-12-02|accessdate=2012-07-23}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=http://dawn.com/2012/04/07/indian-administered-kashmir-on-strike-after-us-sentences-fai/|title=Indian-administered Kashmir on strike after US sentences Fai|newspaper=Daily Dawn.Com|date=2012-04-17|accessdate=2012-07-23}}
28. ^{{cite web|author=GreaterKashmir.com (Greater Service) |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2012/May/29/-please-read-the-report-is-all-i-can-say--12.asp |title=Please read the report is all I can say Lastupdate:- Tue, 29 May 2012 18:30:00 GMT |publisher=Greaterkashmir.com |date=2012-05-29 |accessdate=2012-06-06}}
29. ^{{cite book|title=My Frozen Turbulence in Kashmir|date=January 2006|publisher=Allied Publisher|isbn=978-8177642858|page=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWjLtfi-ssIC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Jagmohan|accessdate=6 June 2012}}
30. ^{{cite book|title=Kashmir Under Siege|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=978-0300056143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jrGwSsSchRUC&pg=PA119#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=6 June 2012|page=119|date=31 December 1991}}
31. ^{{cite book|title=Indian Cricket Controversies|publisher=Ajanta Books International|isbn=978-8128801136|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wJf6NuadRWEC&pg=PA332#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=K.R. Wadhwaney|accessdate=23 June 2012|page=332|date=1 December 2005}}
32. ^{{cite book|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War|publisher=I. B. Tauris|isbn=978-1860648984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek00fuXVz1wC&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Victoria Schofield|accessdate=15 July 2012|page=132|date=18 January 2003}}
33. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9ufrUyISBsC&pg=PA9&dq=Literature+%26+Nation:+Britain+and+India+1800-1990+By+Rick+Allen,+Richard+Allen,+Harish+Trivedi&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eL43T47xHoKJhQfgosybAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=337&f=false |title=Literature & nation: Britain and India, 1800–1990 – Harish Trivedi, Richard Allen – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.pk |accessdate=2012-02-29}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Pakistan Independence Day: What should Pakistani-Americans feel?|url=http://www.wbez.org/story/pakistan-independence-day-what-should-pakistani-americans-feel-90502|accessdate=24 June 2012|newspaper=Chicago Public Media|date=12 August 2011|author=Maham Khan}}
35. ^{{cite news|title=Five killed in Pakistan cricket celebrations|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aaZjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2iYMAAAAIBAJ&pg=471,3957653|accessdate=24 June 2012|newspaper=Stabroek News|date=27 March 1992|location=Karachi}}
36. ^{{cite news|title=Pakistan celebrate T20 World Cup win|url=http://www.geo.tv/6-22-2009/44609.htm|accessdate=24 June 2012|newspaper=Geo News|date=22 June 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027145050/http://www.geo.tv/6-22-2009/44609.htm|archivedate=27 October 2014|df=}}
37. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KkLvAAAAMAAJ&q=zindabad#search_anchor |title=A history of Radio Pakistan – Nihal Ahmad – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.pk |page=20 |accessdate=2012-06-17}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Pakistan Zindabad|url=http://www.svt.se/2.61757/1.906662/pakistan_zindabad|work=Documentary Film|publisher=Sveriges Television|accessdate=3 July 2012|year=2007}}

7 : Pakistani nationalism|Political terminology in Pakistan|Urdu words and phrases|Battle cries|Pakistani political slogans|Bengali words and phrases|Hindi words and phrases
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