“Steve Carlton”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Steven Norman Carlton (born December 22, 1944), nicknamed "Lefty", is a former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher. He pitched from 1965 to 1988 for six different teams in his career, but it is his time with the Philadelphia Phillies where he received his greatest acclaim as a professional and won four Cy Young Awards. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994.

Carlton has the second-most lifetime strikeouts of any left-handed pitcher (4th overall), and the second-most lifetime wins of any left-handed pitcher (11th overall). He was the first pitcher to win four Cy Young Awards in a career. He held the lifetime strikeout record several times between {{Baseball Year|1982}} and {{Baseball Year|1984}}, before his contemporary Nolan Ryan passed him. One of his most remarkable records was accounting for nearly half (46%) of his team's wins, when he won 27 games for the last-place (59-97) {{Baseball Year|1972}} Phillies. He is the last National League pitcher to win 25 or more games in one season,^[1] as well as the last pitcher from any team to throw more than 300 innings in a season.^[2] He also holds the record with the most career balks of any pitcher, with 90 (double the second on the all-time list, Bob Welch).

Early years

Carlton was born and raised in Miami, Florida, where he played Little League and American Legion Baseball during his youth. He attended North Miami High School, and later Miami Dade College. In 1963, while a student at Miami-Dade, he signed with the St. Louis Cardinals for a $5,000 bonus.^[3]^[4]^[5]

St. Louis Cardinals

Carlton debuted with the St. Louis Cardinals as a 20-year-old in 1965 and by {{Baseball Year|1967}} was a regular in the Cardinals rotation. An imposing man (6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m)) with a hard fastball and slider, Carlton was soon known as an intimidating and dominant pitcher. Carlton enjoyed immediate success in St. Louis, posting winning records and reaching the World Series in 1967 and 1968. On September 15, {{Baseball Year|1969}}, Carlton struck out 19 New York Mets, while losing to the Mets, 4–3, setting the modern-day record at that time for strikeouts in a nine-inning game. That season, he finished with a 17–11 record with a 2.17 ERA, second lowest in the NL, and 210 strikeouts. A contract dispute with the Cardinals (he had made $26,000 in 1969 and was holding out for $50,000, as opposed to the Cardinals' contract offer for $31,000){{refn|group=nb|If adjusted for inflation, these amounts would be equivalent to $167,000, $304,000, and $189,000, respectively, in 2014 dollars.^[6]}}made Carlton a no-show at spring training in {{Baseball Year|1970}}. He proceeded to go 10–19 with a 3.73 ERA, leading the NL in losses. In {{Baseball Year|1971}}, he became a 20-game winner for the first time, going 20–9 with a 3.56 ERA.

Philadelphia Phillies

Following a salary dispute, Cardinals owner Gussie Busch ordered Carlton traded. Eventually, he was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies before the {{Baseball Year|1972}} season for pitcher Rick Wise.^[7]

The trade is now considered one of the most lopsided deals in baseball history.^[8] However, at the time, the trade appeared to make sense from the Cardinals' perspective. Carlton had won 77 games to Wise's 75, and both were considered among the game's best pitchers. Tim McCarver, who had caught for Carlton in St. Louis and for Wise in Philadelphia, described the trade as "a real good one for a real good one." He felt Carlton had more raw talent, but Wise had better command on the mound.^[9] Although Wise stayed in the majors for another 11 years (though only two of them were with the Cardinals), the trade is reckoned{{by whom|date=February 2018}} as an epoch-making deal for the Phillies, as well as one of the worst trades in Cardinals history.{{Citation needed|date = February 2018}}

In Carlton's first season with Philadelphia, he led the league in wins (27), complete games (30), strikeouts (310), and ERA (1.97), despite playing for a team whose final record was 59–97. His 1972 performance earned him his first Cy Young Award and the Hickok Belt as the top professional athlete of the year. His winning percentage of 46% of his team's victories that season is a record in modern major league history. Carlton attributed his success to his grueling training regimen, which included Eastern martial arts techniques, the most famous of which was twisting his fist to the bottom of a 5-gallon bucket of rice.^[10]

Some highlights of Carlton's 1972 season included starting the season with 5 wins and 1 loss, then losing 5 games in a row, during which period the Phillies scored only 10 runs.^[11] At this point he began a 15-game winning streak. After it ended at a 20–6 record, he finished the final third of the year with 7 more wins and 4 losses, ending with 27 wins and 10 losses. Carlton also completed 30 of 41 starts.^[12]

During the 18 games of the winning streak (3 were no-decisions), Carlton pitched 155 innings, allowed 103 hits and 28 runs (only 17 in the 15 winning games), allowed 39 walks, and had 140 strikeouts. From July 23, 1972 to August 13, 1972 he pitched five complete game victories, allowed only 1 unearned run while only giving up 22 hits in 45 innings, and threw four shutouts.^[13] He had a fastball, a legendary slider, and a long looping curve ball; and later a change-up, then a screwball. Baseball commentators during 1972 regularly remarked that Carlton's slider was basically unhittable, while Pittsburgh Pirates slugger Willie Stargell once remarked, "Hitting Steve Carlton's slider is like trying to drink coffee with a fork".^[14] He was also a good hitter for a pitcher; at times he pinch-hit for the Phillies during 1972.{{Citation needed|date = February 2018}}

Relationship with the media

Carlton slumped in {{Baseball Year|1973}}, losing 20 games. The media's questioning of his unusual training techniques led to an acrimonious relationship between them and Carlton. In 1976, upon the advice of his lawyer Edward L. Wolf, he decided to sever all ties with the media, and refused to answer press questions for the rest of his career with the Phillies.^[15] When approached unbeknownst he was on live air in the early 1980s he hurled a sponsor’s watch at commentator’s head in the pregame show. This reached a point where, in {{Baseball Year|1981}}, while the Mexican rookie Fernando Valenzuela was achieving stardom with the Los Angeles Dodgers, a reporter remarked, "The two best pitchers in the National League don't speak English: Fernando Valenzuela and Steve Carlton."^[16]

In 1994 he agreed to an interview with writer Pat Jordan at his home in Durango, Colorado. The result was the story "Thin Mountain Air" in the April 1994 issue of Philadelphia.^[17] The article was noted by The New York Times as being the source of numerous claims about Steve Carlton's political and social beliefs: "According to Pat Jordan, the writer of the article, Carlton alternately said that the world is ruled or controlled by the Russian and United States Governments, which {{'}}fill the air with low-frequency sound waves,{{'}} the Elders of Zion, British intelligence agencies, {{'}}12 Jewish bankers meeting in Switzerland{{'}} and {{'}}a committee of 300 which meets at a roundtable in Rome.{{'}} Not only that, but Carlton also charges, according to Jordan, that President Clinton has {{'}}a black son{{'}} he won't acknowledge and that the AIDS virus was created at a secret Maryland biological warfare laboratory to get rid of gays and blacks.{{' "}} The same New York Times article notes that teammate Tim McCarver defended Carlton against charges of being a bigot and an anti-Semite, though he acknowledged "If he's guilty of anything, it's believing some of the material he reads. Does he become confused with his reading about radical things? Yes. I've told him that. Does that translate into him being anti-Semitic? No."^[18]

More success

Carlton continued to enjoy many years of success with the Phillies, winning the Cy Young Award in {{Baseball Year|1972}}, {{Baseball Year|1977}}, {{Baseball Year|1980}}, and {{Baseball Year|1982}}, and pitching the Phillies to the best string of post-season appearances in club history. Carlton was the first pitcher to win four Cy Young Awards, a mark later matched by Greg Maddux, and exceeded by Roger Clemens and Randy Johnson. His Cy Young Award in 1972 was by unanimous vote, and he finished fifth in balloting for the National League MVP. Gradually the Phillies improved their team, and won the National League East Division three consecutive times from 1976 to 1978. In 1980, Carlton helped the Phillies win their first World Series; he won the series' final game.^[19]

Carlton won a Gold Glove Award for his fielding in {{Baseball Year|1981}}. He helped the Phillies to another pennant in 1983, but they lost to the Baltimore Orioles in the World Series.^[20]

On September 13, 1982, for the fourth time in his career, Carlton hit a home run and tossed a complete game shutout in the same game. He is the only pitcher to have done so in three different decades.{{Citation needed|date = December 2012}} On September 23, 1983, in a game against the St. Louis Cardinals, Carlton won the 300th game of his career, becoming the 16th pitcher to accomplish the feat.^[21]

Race with Nolan Ryan and Gaylord Perry for the all-time strikeout record

Over a three-year period between {{Baseball Year|1982}}–{{Baseball Year|1984}}, Carlton was involved in an interesting pitching duel with Nolan Ryan and Gaylord Perry, in which they often traded places at the top of the all-time strikeout list. At the start of the 1983 season, the 55-year-old mark of Walter Johnson was 3,508 strikeouts,^[22] but there were three pitchers who were within 100 strikeouts of Johnson: Ryan (3,494), Perry (3,452), and Carlton (3,434). Ryan was the first to surpass Johnson on April 22, 1983 against the Montreal Expos. However a stint on the disabled list shortly after he set the record, combined with a spectacular season by Carlton, allowed Carlton to make up ground and on June 7, 1983, Carlton passed Ryan as the all-time strikeout king with 3,526 to Ryan's 3,524. There were be 14 lead changes and one tie that season, often after each of their respective starts, before the season ended with Carlton leading 3,709 to 3,677. Perry, aging and in his final season passed Johnson later to finish his career with 3,534 strikeouts. Since then, five other pitchers have surpassed Johnson's mark and Johnson has fallen to ninth place on the all-time strikeout list.

There were five more lead changes and a tie in {{Baseball Year|1984}} before Carlton ran out of gas. His last-ever lead in the all-time strikeout race was after his start on September 4, 1984, when he struck out four Cubs to lead Ryan by three (3,857 to 3,854). Although the season ended with a mere two-strikeout lead for Ryan (3,874 to 3,872), Carlton had an injury-riddled season in 1985 and an even worse season in 1986 before being released by the Phillies just 18 strikeouts short of 4,000.

Post-Phillies

San Francisco Giants

After being released by the Phillies, Carlton joined the San Francisco Giants; he also broke his self-imposed boycott of the media, giving a press conference after signing with the team. Unfortunately, Carlton mostly pitched ineffectively — except for seven shutout innings in a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates, in which he also hit a 3-run homer, for his only win as a Giant. Overall, he went 1–3 with a 5.10 ERA in six games for the Giants, hanging around just long enough to collect his 4,000th strikeout (against Eric Davis), before announcing his retirement.^[23]

Chicago White Sox

Carlton's retirement was brief: he almost immediately signed with the Chicago White Sox for the remainder of the {{baseball year|1986}} season. He was surprisingly effective, going 4–3 with a respectable 3.69 ERA, but was not offered a contract for 1987. Overall, Carlton's 1986 numbers (with three teams) were a 9-14 win-loss record, with a 5.10 ERA.^[24]

Cleveland Indians

In 1987, Carlton joined the Cleveland Indians, where his most notable achievement was teaming up with Phil Niekro in a game against the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium, where they became the first teammates and 300-game winners to appear in the same game. Both were ineffective in a 10–6 Yankee victory. It was Carlton's first and only pitching appearance in Yankee Stadium, having spent the majority of his career in the National League before the inception of interleague play. (He was selected to the 1977 National League All-Star team which was held in Yankee Stadium, but he did not appear in the game.){{Citation needed|date = February 2018}}

Minnesota Twins

Carlton was traded to the Minnesota Twins in late July 1987, where he was yet again ineffective. He went a combined 6–14 with a 5.74 ERA for both the Indians and Twins. However, the Twins, who had been a bad team for most of the 1980s, won the 1987 World Series, albeit without Carlton on the postseason roster, to earn him a third World Series ring and a trip to the White House to meet President Reagan along with his teammates. When Carlton was photographed with his teammates at the White House, newspapers listed each member of the team with the notable exception of Carlton. Instead, Carlton was listed as an "unidentified Secret Service agent."^[25] The Twins brought him back in {{Baseball Year|1988}} but he lasted only a month (0-1 with a 16.76 ERA in four games) before being released.^[26]

Retirement

He attempted to find work in {{Baseball Year|1989}} but found no takers. The closest thing to an offer was the New York Yankees offering him the use of their facilities for training purposes but no spot on the spring training team. Nolan Ryan pitched until {{Baseball Year|1993}} and extended his strikeout lead over Carlton to almost 1,600 before retiring. Carlton eventually fell to third and then fourth place on the all-time strikeout list after Roger Clemens and Randy Johnson passed him.^[27]

Legacy

A ten-time All-Star, Carlton led the league in many pitching categories. He struck out 4,136 batters in his career, setting a record for a left-handed pitcher (since surpassed by Randy Johnson), and holds many other records for both left-handed and Phillies pitchers. His 329 career wins are the eleventh most in baseball history, behind Greg Maddux, Roger Clemens, and Warren Spahn among pitchers of the live-ball era (post-{{baseball year|1920}}). He is also second (behind Bob Gibson) in major league history for the most consecutive starts with at least six innings pitched (69), which was snapped in April 1982.^[28]

Carlton picked 144 runners off base, by far the most in Major League Baseball since pickoff records began being collected in 1957. Jerry Koosman is second with 82.^[29]

He never threw a no-hitter, but pitched six one-hitters.{{Citation needed|date = February 2018}}

Carlton was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in {{baseball year|1994}} with 96% of the vote, one of the highest percentages ever. The Phillies retired his number 32 in 1989, and honored him with a statue outside Citizens Bank Park in 2004.^[30]

In 1998, The Sporting News ranked him number 30 on its list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players. In 1999, he was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.^[31]

Despite his career-long rivalry with Ryan, Carlton maintains his greatest rival was Tom Seaver.{{Citation needed|date = February 2018}}

His losing 19-strikeout effort against the Mets was a microcosm of his career against them. While he posted 30 wins against them during his career, they bested him 36 times.^[32]

Carlton appeared in an episode of Married... with Children, playing himself in an episode where former athletes humiliate Al Bundy while filming a shoe commercial. In the episode, Bud asks him for an autograph and he is shown writing with his right hand.{{Citation needed|date = February 2018}}

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite web| title = List of Major League Wins Leaders by Year | url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/W_leagues.shtml | accessdate = September 15, 2007 }}
2. ^{{cite web| title = List of Major League IP Leaders by Year | url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/IP_leagues.shtml | accessdate = September 15, 2007 }}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Biographical information from Baseball Reference.com|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/carltst01.shtml|accessdate=February 14, 2010}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Bio on Carlton's official site|url=http://www.carlton32.com/pages/bio.html|accessdate=February 14, 2010}}
5. ^$5,000 in 1963 is equivalent to $38,556.97 in 2014 dollars.
6. ^"A Bird in Hand and a Burning Busch" by William Leggett, Sports Illustrated, March 23, 1970
7. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Cards, Phils Trade Aces: Carlton, Wise |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=35wMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=r2ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=7196,336640&dq=steve+carlton |newspaper=St. Petersburg Times |page=3-C|date=February 26, 1972 |accessdate=September 11, 2009}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Steve Carlton Biography|url=http://espn.go.com/mlb/player/bio/_/id/526/steve-carlton|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=June 13, 2013}}
9. ^{{cite book |last=Neyer |first=Rob |authorlink=Rob Neyer |coauthors= |title=Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Blunders |year=2006 |publisher=Fireside |location=New York City |isbn=0-7432-8491-7 }}
10. ^{{cite news| url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1004780/index.htm | work=CNN | title=Steve Carlton | date=January 24, 1994}}
11. ^"Imagination, It's Funny" by William Leggett, Sports Illustrated, August 21, 1972
12. ^Steve Carlton Official Website Bio {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206141148/http://stevecarlton.com/bio.html |date=December 6, 2013 }}
13. ^"Steve Carlton's Long Winning Streak in '72 Still Amazing" by Ted Silary from Baseball Digest Nov 1992
14. ^http://articles.philly.com/1986-06-25/sports/26047131_1_steve-carlton-era-pitcher-in-phillies-history-gus-hoefling
15. ^Steve Carlton Quotes
16. ^The Philadelphia Phillies' Ten Greatest Pitchers
17. ^http://thestacks.deadspin.com/thin-air-in-the-mountains-with-steve-carlton-armed-co-478492324 retrieved March 27, 2015
18. ^https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/14/sports/on-baseball-was-silence-better-for-steve-carlton.html
19. ^1980 World Series#Game 6
20. ^1983 World Series#Philadelphia Phillies
21. ^{{cite news |title=Stoic Carlton participates in excitement of No. 300 |agency=Associated Press |work=Gadsden Times |page=7 |date=September 25, 1983 |accessdate=March 7, 2011 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tp8fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DtYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2636,4539451&dq=steve+carlton&hl=en}}
22. ^Sortable Player Stats | MLB.com: Stats
23. ^{{cite web |title=Steve Carlton |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-08-11/sports/sp-2559_1_white-sox |website=Los Angeles Times |publisher=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}
24. ^{{cite web |title=Steve Carlton stats |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/carltst01.shtml |website=Baseball Reference |publisher=Baseball Reference |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}
25. ^{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Wulf|authorlink= |title=Steve Carlton |url=https://www.si.com/vault/1994/01/24/130307/steve-carlton |newspaper=Sports Illustrated |date=January 24, 1994 |accessdate=September 11, 2009}}
26. ^{{cite web |title=Steve Carlton, With an ERA of 16.76, Is Given His Release by the Twins |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-04-28/sports/sp-3048_1_steve-carlton |website=Los Angeles Times |publisher=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}
27. ^{{cite web |title=Career Leaders and Records for Strikeouts |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/SO_p_career.shtml |publisher=Baseball Reference |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}
28. ^Corcoran, Cliff at Sports Illustrated on July 12, 2012
29. ^{{cite web| title = Pickoffs since 1957 | url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/shareit/28Uz | accessdate = August 19, 2007 }}
30. ^http://www.offbeat.group.shef.ac.uk/statues/STUS_Carlton_Steve.htm
31. ^{{cite web |title=The All-Century Team |url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_moreinfo.jsp |website=MLB.com |publisher=Major League Basenall |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}
32. ^{{cite web |title=Ultimate Mets Database: Steve Carlton |url=http://www.ultimatemets.com/profile.php?PlayerCode=3031 |website=Ultimate Mets Database |publisher=Ultimate Mets Database |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}