| 词条 | Autolycus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
In Greek mythology, Autolycus ({{IPAc-en|ɔː|ˈ|t|ɒ|l|ɪ|k|ə|s}}; Ancient Greek: Αὐτόλυκος Autolykos, "the wolf itself")[1] was a successful robber who had even the power of metamorphosing both the stolen goods and himself . He had his residence on Mount Parnassus and was renowned among men for his cunning and oaths. BiographyThere are a number of different accounts of the birth of Autolycus. According to most, he was the son of Hermes[2] and Chione[3] or Philonis.[4] In Ovid's version, Autolycus was conceived after Hermes had intercourse with the virgin Chione.[5] Pausanias instead states that Autolycus' real father was Daedalion.[6][7] In some accounts, his mother was also called Telauge.[8] Autolycus was the husband of Mestra, daughter of Erysichthon[9][10] who could change her shape at will, or to Neaera,[6] or to Amphithea.[11] He became the father of Anticlea (who married Laertes of Ithaca and was the mother of Odysseus[12]) and several sons, of whom only Aesimus, father of Sinon was named.[13] Autolycus' other daughter was Polymede mother of Jason, the famous Argonaut who led a group of men to find the coveted Golden Fleece.[2] A different Autolycus, the son of Deimachus, was a part of the Argonauts who went on the journey to find the fleece.
MythologyAdventuresAutolycus obtained most of the same skills that his supposed father Hermes possesses, such as the arts of theft and trickery and skill with the lyre and gracious song. It was said that he "loved to make white of black, and black of white, from a hornless animal to a horned one, or from horned one to a hornless". He was given the gift that his thievery could not be caught by anyone.[3][14] He had a helmet to make him invisible.[15] Autolycus, master of thievery, was also well known for stealing Sisyphus' herd right from underneath him – Sisyphus, who was commonly known for being a crafty king that killed guests, seduced his niece and stole his brothers' throne[16] and was banished to the throes of Tartarus by the gods. Heracles, the great Greek hero, was taught the art of wrestling by Autolycus.[17] However, Autolycus was a source of trouble in Heracles' life, because when Autolycus stole some cattle from Euboea and Eurytus, they accused Heracles of the deed; upon going mad from these accusations, Heracles killed them and another one of Eurytus' sons, Iphitus. This led to Heracles serving three years of punishment to repent the deed.[18]Odysseus' nameThrough Anticleia, Autolycus was also the grandfather of the famous warrior Odysseus,[12] and he was responsible for the naming of the child as well. This happened when the nurse of the child Eurycleia "laid the child upon his knees and spoke, and addressed him: Autolycus, find now thyself a name to give to thy child's own child; be sure he has long been prayed for". Then Autolycus answered: "Since I have been angered (ὀδυσσάμενος odyssamenos)[19] with many, both men and women, let the name of the child be Odysseus".[20] In popular cultureAlthough not as well known as many other Greek mythological figures, Autolycus has appeared in a number of works of fiction.
Notes1. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rJmFvRNHbo4C&pg=PA37&dq=Autolycus+thief&hl=ensa=X&ei=_9EqVdG6B5LQ7Qb8pIHwBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Autolycus%20thief&f=false|author=K. J. Gutzwiller |title=Theocritus' Pastoral Analogies: The Formation of a Genre (p. 37)|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|date =1991| ISBN=0299129446| accessdate=2015-04-12}} 2. ^1 Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.9.16 3. ^1 Hyginus, Fabulae 201 4. ^Hesiod, Ehoiai fr. 64. 5. ^Ovid, Metamorphoses 11, translated by Samuel Garth, John Dryden, et al (MIT): "unresisted revels in her arms ...". 6. ^1 Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 8.4.6 7. ^Pausanias, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Wz72pKpgpx8C&pg=PR59&lpg=PR59&dq=Pausanias+-+Autolycus%27+real+father+was+Daedalion&source=bl&ots=xNaQ4aTtLT&sig=VHheka48tRtY2kyl2ILiTCnCv8Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7_YqVZvlLpHTaOTigdgB&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Pausanias%20-%20Autolycus'%20real%20father%20was%20Daedalion&f=false Pausanias's Description of Greece (p. lix)], translated by J G Frazer, Cambridge University Press, 2012, {{ISBN|1108047238}}. 8. ^Eustathius, ad Horner p. 804 9. ^Ovid, Metamorphoses 8.738 10. ^I. Ziogas, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fMtJRSPGb6MC&pg=PA136&dq=Autolycus+was+husband+to+Mestra&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vAArVZK5NsXvapGJgPAL&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Autolycus%20was%20husband%20to%20Mestra&f=false Ovid and Hesiod: The Metamorphosis of the Catalogue of Women (p. 136)], Cambridge University Press, 2013. {{ISBN|1107007410}}. Ziogas states a detail of Ovid 8.738, "Mestra is not actually mentioned by name in Ovid 8. 738". 11. ^Homer, Odyssey 19.394 & 416 12. ^1 Homer, Odyssey 24.334 13. ^Tryphiodorus, The Taking of Ilios footnote 21 14. ^Ovid, Metamorphoses 11.301 15. ^Homer, Iliad 10.265-271 16. ^Hyginus, Fabulae 50-99 17. ^Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.4.9 18. ^Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.6.3 19. ^ὀδύσσομαι at LSJ. 20. ^Homer, Odyssey 19.400-405 21. ^Murray, Nicholas, biography on Aldous Huxley 2002. References
External links{{Wikisource1911Enc|Autolycus}}
1 : Offspring of Hermes |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。