| 词条 | Pancha Bhoota | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Pancha Bhoota or Pancha Maha-Bhoota ({{lang-sa|पञ्चभूत}}, {{lang|sa|पञ्चमहाभूत}}), five great elements, also five physical elements, is a group of five basic elements, which, according to Hinduism, is the basis of all cosmic creation.[1] These elements are: Prithvi/Bhudevi (Hindi: पृथ्वी, Earth), Apas/Varuna/Jal (Hindi: अप्, Water), Agni (Hindi: अग्नि, Fire), Vayu (Hindi: वायु, Air), Aakash/Dyaus (Hindi: आकाश, Aether). These elements have different characteristics and these also account for different faculties of human experience. In ayurveda and Indian philosophy, the human body is considered to be made of these five elements.[2] However, Cārvāka did not accept Akash as basic element as it is not tangible and according to him, there are only four basic elements.[3] Buddhism also accepts four basic elements and Akash is left out. These five elements of Indian cosmological system are similar but not identical to five element theory used in East Asia.[4] Description{{Further|The 36 tattvas}}The pancha bhoota are associated with a sense which is perceived by sense organ in human being. Below table gives details of associated sense, sense organ, and other attributes of elements.[3]
AyurvedaAccording to ayurveda and Yoga, Pancha Bhoota are associated with overall health of human being. Any disorder in human body indicates imbalance of one or more of these elements. Yoga Tattva Mudra Vijnana relates these five elements to five fingers of human being. Different Mudra were developed to balance these[5] in human body which form the Hasta Mudra in yogic tradition and are used in Naturopathy. The three dosha- three intrinsic tendencies, which, according to ayurveda are intrinsic in every human being, are representation of combination of these five elements in human body. The three Dosha have subtle positive essences which control the mind and body function.[6]
Yogic ViewAccording to Yoga, the aim of sadhana is to have mastery over oneself. This mastery can be achieved by mastering all the basic elements. The process of gaining mastery over these elements and purifying them is called Bhuta Shuddhi. Pancha Bhoota Stalam is representation of pancha bhoota for yogic practice. People used to move from one temple to another and do sadhana on particular basic element.[7] The seven Chakra in human body are associated with these five elements.[6]
Hasta Mudras{{Further|List of mudras (yoga)}}Hasta Mudra or hand posture is based on the panch bhootas. The basic assumption is that all the five elements can be represented by five different fingers in human body as shown in the table below.[8]
Vastu{{Further|Vastu shastra}}Vastu shastra emphasizes on the placement of five elements in specified direction and the balance of these elements determines the condition of the associated structure.[6]
That is why, in an ideal home, the home itself is placed so that maximum load and weight is in the southwest area of the plot. Thus, there is maximum open space in the North, Northeast and East side of the plot (satisfying Vayu / Air and Akasha / Space) The entrance to the plot (Main Gate), the Verandah (visitors lounge), and the Main Door is in the Northeast, for the cosmic benefits of Akasha and the purifying benefits of fresh air enter the house in abundance. To the south of the Verandah is the Living Room, and to its south is 1 or 2 bedrooms (with / without bathrooms) To the south or southwest of the room is the storeroom (for benefits of Prithvi / Bhumi), and in the Southeast corner of the home is the Kitchen (for here is the perfect balance of Akash (Space) and Agni (Fire) To the south of the Kitchen is the backyard (but care should be taken to ensure there is NO DOOR in the south to the backyard, it will lead to loss of Vasthu energy) To the west of the kitchen should be the Master bedroom (and care should be taken to ensure that bathroom IS NOT in the Southwest corner of the room) To the north of the master bedroom will be the pooja room, and to its north will be a utility area / common bathroom or staircase room to the first floor etc TasteCombination of pancha bhoota is associated with six human tastes as below.[6]
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|title=India through the ages|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= 79|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Venkatesan|first1=Satish|title=Ayurvedic remedies: An introduction|isbn=978-9881224149|url=https://books.google.com/?id=vVfGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46&dq=panch+bhoota#v=onepage&q=panch%20bhoota&f=false|accessdate=18 March 2015|date=2013-03-01}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Prasad Sinha|first1=Harendra|title=Bharatiya Darshan Ki Rooprekha|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher|page=86|url=https://books.google.com/?id=wCAqc1G8sKcC&pg=PT103&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4&f=false|accessdate=18 March 2015|isbn=9788120821446|year=2006}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Carroll|first1=Cain|title=Mudras of India|isbn=978-1848191099|page=18|url=https://books.google.com/?id=gEwSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=panch+bhoota#v=onepage&q=panch%20bhoota&f=false|accessdate=18 March 2015|year=2012}} 5. ^Five Elements 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=PANCHA BHOOTAS OR THE FIVE ELEMENTS|url=http://www.indianscriptures.com/vedic-lifestyle/beginners-guide/pancha-bhootas-or-the-five-elements|website=http://www.indianscriptures.com/|accessdate=25 March 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=pancha-bhutas-the-possibility-of-the-five-elements|url=http://www.ishafoundation.org/blog/sadhguru/masters-words/pancha-bhutas-the-possibility-of-the-five-elements/|website=http://www.ishafoundation.org|accessdate=18 March 2015|date=2012-01-23}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=Shiv|title=Brilliance of Hinduism|isbn=978-8128800825|page=93|url=https://books.google.com/?id=uajPVNSwYOUC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=fingers+and+associated+element+hinduism#v=onepage&q=fingers%20and%20associated%20element%20hinduism&f=false|accessdate=3 April 2015|year=2003}} 5 : Hindu philosophical concepts|Hindu iconography|Classical elements|Ayurveda|Yoga |
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