“Panchkalshi”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Pachkalshi (or Panchkalshi) are an ethnic upper caste community of Hindu society in Maharashtra, India. Hari Keshavji, a 19th-century scholar after studying some ancient text declared that Panchkalashi were Somvanshi Kshatriya Pathare (SKP) and since then the community has used this name to describe themselves.^[1]

History

They are one of the original communities, who migrated to Mumbai in 13th century AD along with Yaduvanshi king, Raja Bhimdev ^[2] According to tradition, the Panchkalshis derive their name from the fact that their former headman used to sit on a canopied throne surmounted by five kalashas.^[3] A census from 1780 of Mahim and Bombay fort showed Panchkashi to be 8% and 4% of the population of these two localities respectively.^[4]

During the British era in Mumbai, they community took to carpentry, contract work and architecture.^[5]

Pachkalshi as well Chaukalshi both are mali tribe are found living along the coastal belt of Mumbai & Goa. Panchkalshi consider themselves one notch above Chaukalshis^[6]

Surnames

Being natives of Mumbai, many families in the community use surnames derived by adding the suffix -kar to names of the old Mumbai suburbs such as Chembur, Dadar, Mahim, Parel and Worli.

Other surnames used by the community include Chaudhari, Chogle, Churi, Desai,Pathare, Devare,Gharat, Kathe, Mali, Mantri, Mhatre, Naik, Patil, Patke, Purav,Raote,Raut, Sawe, Thakur, Save,Talpade,Virkud and Vartak.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

Culture

Panchkalshis have founded at least three Hindu temples in Mumbai like Malkeshwar temple in Parel and also Mahadev temple named after famous Parli Vaijnath temple is said to have been built by them. Another temple built by them is of their Kuldevi Vajreshwari devi.^[7]^[8] The community celebrates a unique festival.On Pithori Amavasya,(last date in Lunar Shaka month of Shravan) the women in the family pray to 64 yoginis for the well-being of the children.The women make offerings to figurines of the 64 deities made of flour.The eldest woman in the family holds the figurines on her head and the children surround her.It signifies that the deities will keep a watch on the children.^[9]

The community is often confused with the Pathare Prabhus because during the British era both communities were recorded as the same in the census.Although the culture of both communities may be similar, the two are in fact separate communities.^[10]

Notables

References

1. ^{{cite book|author=Govinda Nārāyaṇa Māḍagã̄vakara|title=Govind Narayan's Mumbai: An Urban Biography from 1863|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50Hmdwd_bigC&pg=PR9|year=2009|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-84331-305-2|pages=9–}}
2. ^{{cite book|last1=Da Cunha|first1=Joseph Gerson|title=The origin of Bombay|date=2004|publisher=Asian Educational service|location=New Delhi|page=42|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=miD5YO05jpUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
3. ^Bombay: social change, 1813-1857
4. ^{{cite book|title=BRAHME, Sulabha. 39 GROWTH AND METAMORPHOSIS OF BOMBAY THROUGH FOUR CENTURIES OF GLOBALISATION. In: City, Space+ Globalization: An International Perspective: Proceedings of an International Symposium, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, the University of Michigan, February 26-28, 1998. College of, 1998. p. 312|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a974/d21ccd0a97c12df2e473d9514003d6321777.pdf}}
5. ^{{cite news|last1=Sahoo|first1=Priyanka|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/|accessdate=17 April 2018|issue=July 25, 2015|publisher=Indian Express|date=2015}}
6. ^Bombay: the cities within
7. ^The gazetteer of Bombay city and island (1910)
8. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=48r8I_TDw8EC&pg=PA34&dq=panchkalshi+temple&hl=en&ei=Q-6zTqWzEoj4rQen47DLAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=temple&f=false] The Rise of Bombay: A Retrospect By Stephen Meredyth Edwardes
9. ^{{cite news|last1=Sahoo|first1=Priyanka|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/|accessdate=17 April 2018|issue=July 25, 2015|publisher=Indian Express|date=2015}}
10. ^{{cite news|last1=Sahoo|first1=Priyanka|title=Melting pot: For the past eight centuries, the Panchkalshi community has helped build Mumbai, literally|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panchkalshi-community-has-helped-build-mumbai-2933892/|accessdate=17 April 2018|issue=July 25, 2015|publisher=Indian Express|date=2015}}
11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Millard W. S. (1932)|first=|date=|title=The founders of the Bombay Natural History Society.|url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofbomb35121931bomb#page/196/mode/2up|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume= 35. No. 1 & 2|pages=196–197|via=}}
12. ^{{cite journal|author=Reuben, Rachel|year=2005|title=The Indian Founders|journal=Hornbill|issue=April–June|pages=13–15}}
13. ^Chandra, S., 1992. Whose laws?: Notes on a legitimising myth of the colonial Indian state. Studies in History, 8(2), pp.187-211