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词条 Panenka (penalty kick)
释义

  1. Technique

  2. History

      The original penalty    Since 1976  

  3. References

In association football, the Panenka is a technique used in penalty kick-taking in which the taker, instead of kicking the ball to the left or right of the goalkeeper, gives a subtle touch underneath the ball, causing it to rise and fall within the centre of the goal, deceiving the goalkeeper who is counted on by the taker to have guessed a side and committed a dive away from the centre. It was first used by Czech player Antonín Panenka, who presented this technique to the world in the 1976 UEFA European Championship final, when he beat German goalkeeper Sepp Maier to claim the title for the Czechoslovakian national team.[1][2] After its sensational debut in the tournament, the Panenka kick has been used on rare occasions and mostly by highly respected players who can deal with the consequences of missing such an attempt.[3][4] This style of penalty kick is also called Il cucchiaio ("the spoon") in the Italian-speaking world[5] and cavadinha ("little dig") in Brazil.

Technique

The aim of the technique is not to chip the ball over the goalkeeper, but to take advantage of the fact that many goalkeepers will dive to either side of the goal in anticipation, rather than waiting to see in which direction the ball is going. It is a very risky technique, because the subtle touch on the ball gives it a very slow speed, thus allowing the goalkeeper to move back from where they jumped, or even to simply remain in the same spot and wait for the ball to fall easily into their hands.[6] In addition, the subtle touch is most easily applied by a taker who slows down as he/she is about to strike the ball, making it possible for the goalkeeper to recognize what the taker is intending. The move is known for only being used by confident penalty takers who dare to risk missing the kick.[3] Some players that have used the Panenka kick have been criticized by the specialized media or their team's members and supporters.[7]

History

The original penalty

Antonín Panenka came to international prominence playing for Czechoslovakia in the 1976 European Championship; Czechoslovakia reached the final, where they faced West Germany. After extra time, the result was 2–2, and so the first penalty shootout in a European Championships final ensued. The first seven kicks were converted, until West Germany's fourth penalty taker, Uli Hoeneß, ballooned his shot over the bar. With the score 4–3, Panenka stepped up to take the fifth Czechoslovakian penalty, to win the match under immense pressure. He feigned shooting to the side of the goal, causing German goalkeeper Sepp Maier dive to his left, and then gently chipped the ball into the middle of the net.[8] The perceived impudence of the shot, in addition to its success, led a watching French journalist to dub Panenka "a poet", and his winning kick is one of the most famous ever, making Panenka's name synonymous with that particular style of penalty kick.[9]

Since 1976

As well as winning the 1976 European Championship, Panenka helped Czechoslovakia come third in the 1980 tournament, after scoring once again in a 9–8 penalty shootout win.[10] In the finals of the 1982 World Cup, Panenka scored twice with penalties, but these were the only Czechoslovakian goals, and the team did not progress beyond the first group stage.[11][12]

The Panenka penalty has since been successfully performed by many other players, such as Francesco Totti at UEFA Euro 2000, Zinedine Zidane in the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final,[9] Sebastian Abreu in the 2010 FIFA World Cup quarter-final, Andrea Pirlo at UEFA Euro 2012,[13][14] Lionel Messi in a 2015 La Liga match against Getafe, and Alexis Sánchez both in the 2015 Copa América Final and in an Arsenal 2–1 win over Burnley in the Premier League (EPL); Sánchez is the second player to win a major tournament with the Panenka.[15] The penalty has also since been successfully duplicated by Gonzalo Pineda in the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup,[9] Younis Mahmoud [16] and Omar Abdulrahman in the 2015 Asian Cup, both Andrea Pirlo and Sergio Ramos at Euro 2012 and in Euro 2016 qualifying,[9] Hélder Postiga at Euro 2004,[9] John Stones against Juventus at the 2013 International Champions Cup,[17][18] Jozy Altidore and Alejandro Pozuelo in their first games for Toronto FC,[19][9] Memphis Depay in a 2018 UEFA Nations League match, and[20] Sofiane Diop in a 2018–19 Coupe de la Ligue quarter-final penalty shoot-out vs Stade Rennais FC.[21]

A few who have tried the kick unsuccessfully include Neymar,[9] Mickaël Landreau,[9] Antonio Calle, Rogério Ceni,[9] Maicosuel,[22] Raheem Sterling[23], Marko Dević, Graham Zusi, Robin van Persie, Svetoslav Dyakov, Antonio Cassano and Alexandre Pato.[24][25]

Aaron Ramsey of Wales converted a Panenka penalty in a World Cup Qualifier on 11 June 2017, in the same stadium where Antonin Panenka first executed it, the Rajko Mitic Stadium in Belgrade, although he claimed after the match that he was unaware of the stadium's history in this regard.[26] On 7 October 2017, Jozy Altidore of the US National Soccer Team converted a Panenka in a 2018 World Cup qualification match against Panama, the first such attempt in US National Team history.[27] On 2 December 2017, Antonín Panenka's 69th birthday, Chelsea player Eden Hazard scored a Panenka penalty in a 3–1 home win over Newcastle United at Stamford Bridge.[28]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2007/oct/31/theknowledge.sport|title=The footballers who have moves named after them|accessdate=2010-11-14}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/czechstoday/antonin-panenka-the-footballer-pele-described-as-either-a-genius-or-a-madman|title=Antonin Panenka - the footballer Pele described as "either a genius or a madman"|accessdate=2010-11-14}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2012/06/25/euro_2012_pirlos_courage_to_kick_a_penalty_like_panenka_helped_italys_42_win_over_england.html|title=Euro 2012: Pirlo’s courage to kick a penalty like Panenka helped Italy’s 4-2 win over England|publisher=The Star}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/andrea-pirlo-panenka-penalty-andrea-3416154|title=Andrea Pirlo explains THAT Panenka penalty which bamboozled Joe Hart at Euro 2012|publisher=The Mirror}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://storiedicalcio.altervista.org/il-rigore-di-panenka.html|title=Il rigore di Panenka|publisher=Storie di Calcio|language=Italian|accessdate=9 May 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2521051/Didier-Drogba-says-nearly-tried-panenka-penalty-Champions-League-final.html|title=I nearly tried a cheeky panenka penalty in Champions League final, admits Drogba|publisher=The Daily Mail}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2615295/Fulham-starlet-Moussa-Dembele-misses-Panenka-penalty-Youth-Cup-final.html|title=Fulham starlet Moussa Dembele misses 'Panenka' penalty in Youth Cup final|publisher=The Daily Mail}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2007/oct/31/theknowledge.sport|title=Football - Knowledge: the footballers who have moves named after them|author=Tom Bryant|work=the Guardian}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |url= https://www.fifa.com/newscentre/features/news/newsid=1655278/index.html |title= The cult of the Panenka penalty |work= FIFA.com |date= 25 June 2012 |accessdate= 3 July 2012}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=1980/matches/round=197/match=3584/postmatch/report/index.html#czechs+dramatic+shoot|title=UEFA EURO 1980 - History - Czechoslovakia-Italy - UEFA.com|date=4 October 2003|accessdate=18 April 2016|publisher=UEFA.com}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/spain1982/statistics/players/goal-scored.html|title=1982 FIFA World Cup Spain - Statistics - Players - Top goals|work=FIFA.com|publisher=FIFA}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/spain1982/groups/index.html|title=1982 FIFA World Cup Spain - Groups|work=FIFA.com|publisher=FIFA}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18574269|title=Euro 2012 analysis: Peerless Pirlo exposes England|publisher=BBC Sport|date=24 June 2012|accessdate=28 June 2012}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.football-italia.net/20359/pirlo-why-i-chipped-hart |title=Pirlo: 'Why I chipped Hart' |publisher=Football Italia |date=24 June 2012 |accessdate=28 June 2012}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/chile-vs-argentina/338158|title=Chile 0-0 Argentina (4-1 pens): Hosts claim first Copa America title with shoot-out victory|date=4 July 2015|accessdate=4 July 2015|publisher=Sky Sports}}
16. ^{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6e2YbM-yEMU|title=ركلة جزاء يونس محمود على منتخب ايران تعليق عصام الشوالي كاس اسيا 2015|date=23 January 2015|publisher=|via=YouTube}}
17. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.101greatgoals.com/blog/everton-youngster-john-stones-out-pirlos-andrea-pirlo-in-juventus-shoot-out/| title=Everton youngster John Stones "Out Pirlos" Andrea Pirlo in Juventus shoot out| date=1 August 2013|accessdate=15 May 2015|publisher=101 Great Goals}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/everton/10215605/Everton-1-Juventus-1-6-5-on-penalties-match-report.html/|title=Everton 1 Juventus 1; 6-5 on Penalties: Match Report|date=1 August 2013|accessdate=15 May 2015|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|work=The Telegraph}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/post/2019/03/29/alejandro-pozuelo-goal-march-29-2019|title=Alejandro Pozuelo Goal - March 29, 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=31 March 2019}}
20. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.meemetoranje.nl/29943-samenvatting-nederland-frankrijk-16-november-2018|language=nl| title = Samenvatting: Dominant Oranje stunt tegen Frankrijk| accessdate = 16 November 2018 | date = 16 November 2018}}
21. ^https://www.ouest-france.fr/sport/football/stade-rennais/direct-coupe-de-la-ligue-suivez-le-quart-de-finale-monaco-stade-rennais-6164223
22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/epic-fail-watch-maicosuels-failed-1285137|title=EPIC FAIL: Watch two moments of hilarity and anguish as Udinese miss out on Champions League|date=29 August 2012|accessdate=8 November 2013|publisher=Mirror Football}}
23. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/46603511|title=EFL Cup quarter-finals: Man City beat Leicester on penalties, Burton win|date=2018-12-18|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2018-12-18|language=en-GB}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.101greatgoals.com/blog/the-anti-panenka-alexandre-patos-awful-penalty-easily-saved-by-dida-costs-corinthians-penalty-shoot-out-v-gremio/|title=The Anti-Panenka! Alexandre Pato's awful penalty easily saved by Dida, costs Corinthians penalty shoot-out v Gremio|date=24 October 2013|accessdate=8 November 2013|publisher=101 Great Goals}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=http://esporte.uol.com.br/futebol/campeonatos/copa-do-brasil/ultimas-noticias/2013/10/24/gremio-x-corinthians.htm|title=Pato perde pênalti com cavadinha, Grêmio vence o Corinthians e vai à semi|date=24 October 2013|accessdate=8 November 2013|publisher=UOL Esporte|language=Portuguese}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-4596074/Aaron-Ramsey-didn-t-know-home-Panenka.html|title=Aaron Ramsey: 'I didn't know venue was home of the Panenka!'|work=Mail Online|access-date=12 June 2017}}
27. ^http://www.espnfc.us/match?gameId=466970
28. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/premier-league/2017-2018/chelsea-v-newcastle-united-live_sto6429539/story.shtml |title=Eden Hazard warning to England as Chelsea dismiss Newcastle |publisher=Eurosport |author1=Michael Hincks |date=2 December 2017 |accessdate=14 October 2018 }}
{{Association football terminology}}

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