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词条 St Fagans National Museum of History
释义

  1. History

  2. Buildings and exhibits

     List of structures  Minor exhibits 

  3. Future developments

  4. References

  5. External links

{{EngvarB|date=June 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}{{Infobox Museum
|name = St Fagans National Museum of History
{{lang|cy|Sain Ffagan: Amgueddfa Werin Cymru}}
|image = St Fagans Castle - geograph.org.uk - 524416.jpg
|imagesize =
|caption = St Fagans Castle in its grounds
|pushpin_map = Wales Cardiff
|map_type = Cardiff
|map_caption = Location in Cardiff, Wales
|coordinates = {{coord|51.4869|-3.2725|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
|established = 1948
|location = St Fagans, Cardiff, Wales
|visitors = 610,155 (2010)[1]
* Ranked 21st in the UK
|website = [https://museum.wales/stfagans/ http://museum.wales/stfagans/]
|logo=|latitude=|former_name=St Fagans National History Museum}}St Fagans National Museum of History ({{lang-cy|Sain Ffagan: Amgueddfa Werin Cymru}}), commonly referred to as St Fagans after the village where it is located, is an open-air museum in Cardiff chronicling the historical lifestyle, culture, and architecture of the Welsh people. The museum is part of the wider network of Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales.[2]

It consists of more than forty re-erected buildings from various locations in Wales, and is set in the grounds of St Fagans Castle, a Grade I listed Elizabethan manor house.[3] In 2011 Which? magazine named the museum the United Kingdom's favourite visitor attraction.[4]

A six-year, £30 million revamp was completed in 2018.

History

The museum was started in 1946 following the donation of the castle and lands by the Earl of Plymouth.[5] It opened its doors to the public in 1948, under the name of the Welsh Folk Museum. The museum's name in Welsh (also meaning "Welsh Folk Museum") has remained unchanged since that date, whereas the English title was revised to Museum of Welsh Life, thereafter St Fagans National History Museum, and again to its current title.[2][6]

The brainchild of Iorwerth Peate, the museum was modelled on Skansen, the outdoor museum of vernacular Swedish architecture in Stockholm. Most structures re-erected in Skansen were built of wood and are thus easily taken apart and reassembled, but a comparable museum in Wales was going to be more ambitious, as much of the vernacular architecture of Wales is made of masonry.[3][5]

A redeveloped main reception building was opened in July 2017.[7] The six-year £30m redevelopment of the site, which was funded by a number of sources, notably the Welsh Government and the National Lottery, was completed in October 2018.[8][9]

Buildings and exhibits

The museum includes more than forty buildings which represent the architecture of Wales,[5] including a nonconformist chapel (in this case, Unitarian),[10] a village schoolhouse, a Toll road tollbooth (below), a cockpit (below), a pigsty (below), and a tannery (below).[6]

The museum holds displays of traditional crafts with a working blacksmith forge, a pottery, a weaver, miller, and clog maker. It also includes two working water mills: one flour mill and one wool mill. Part of the site includes a small working farm which concentrates on preserving local Welsh native breeds of livestock. Produce from the museum's bakery and flour mill is available for sale.[3]

The medieval parish church of Saint Teilo, formerly at Llandeilo Tal-y-bont in west Glamorgan (restored to its pre-Reformation state), was opened in October 2007 by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, and still serves as a place of worship for Christmas, Easter, and Harvest Thanksgiving.[3] A Tudor merchant's house from Haverfordwest, opened in 2012, is the latest building to be added to the museum's collection.[11] Future plans include the relocation of the historic Vulcan public house from Newtown in Cardiff.[12]

Although the museum was intended to preserve aspects of Welsh rural life, it now includes several buildings that depict the industrial working life that succeeded it, that being almost extinct in Wales. There is a row of workers' cottages, depicting furnishing from 1800 to 1985, from Rhyd-y-car near Merthyr Tydfil (below), as well as the pristine Oakdale Workmen's Institute (below). Even a post-war prefabricated bungalow (below) has been erected on the grounds.[13]

From 1996 to 2012, the museum hosted the Everyman Summer Theatre Festival when it re-located from Dyffryn Gardens. This festival, which includes a Shakespeare play, a Musical, and a Children's Show has become part of Welsh theatrical calendar since its founding at Dyffryn in 1983.[14][15][16]

Scenes from the Doctor Who episodes "Human Nature" and "The Family of Blood" were filmed at the museum.[17][18][19]

Based on archaeological findings, a reconstruction of Llys Rhosyr, a thirteenth-century court of the princes of Gwynedd,[20][21] was completed and opened to the public in October 2018. Called Llys Llewelyn ('Llewelyn's Court'), it was hoped school children would be able to stay in the buildings overnight, from Spring 2019.[22]

The Gweithdy ('Workshop') also opened in October 2018. It is a sustainable building housing improved facilities for visitors, supporting the study of collections and hosting demonstrations and workshops by traditional craftsmen.[7]

List of structures

Image Name Date Re-erected Original site County
(historic)		 Unitary Authority
(modern)		 Listing
Main entrance and administration offices
(Percy Thomas Partnership architects).
1968–74—St FagansGlamorganCardiff
St Teilo's Church1100–{{circa|1520}}|sortable=yes}}

(present form: {{circa|1520}})

2007Llandeilo Tal-y-bont, near PontarddulaisGlamorganSwansea{{--}}}}
Cilewent farmhouse1470|begun 1470}}

(present form: 1734)

1959CwmdauddwrRadnorshirePowys{{sort|3|Grade II
Tudor Trader House1501–1600|16th century}}2012HaverfordwestPembrokeshirePembrokeshire{{--}}}}
Hendre'r Ywydd Uchaf farmhouse15081962Llangynhafal, near LlandyrnogDenbighshireDenbighshire{{sort|3|Grade II
Y Garreg Fawr farmhouse15441984WaunfawrCaernarfonshireGwynedd
Stryd Lydan barn1550|sortable=yes}}1951PenleyFlintshireWrexham{{sort|3|Grade II
St Fagans Castle1580—St FagansGlamorganCardiff{{sort|1|Grade I
Dovecote18th century—St FagansGlamorganCardiff{{sort|3|Grade II
Hendre Wen barn1600|sortable=yes}}1982LlanrwstDenbighshireConwy{{--}}}}
Hawk and Buckle Inn cockpit1601–1700|17th century}}1970DenbighDenbighshireDenbighshire{{sort|3|Grade II
Kennixton Farmhouse16101955LlangennithGlamorganSwansea{{sort|3|Grade II
Lead cistern in east forecourt
of St Fagans Castle		1620{{--}}St FagansGlamorganCardiff{{sort|2|Grade II*
Abernodwydd farmhouse16781955LlangadfanMontgomeryshirePowys{{sort|3|Grade II
Smithy1701–1800|18th century}}1972LlawryglynMontgomeryshirePowys{{sort|3|Grade II
Tannery1750–1800|late 18th century}}1968RhayaderMontgomeryshirePowys{{sort|3|Grade II
Esgair Moel woollen mill17601952LlanwrtydBrecknockshirePowys{{sort|3|Grade II
Llainfadyn cottage17621962RhostryfanCaernarfonshireGwynedd{{sort|3|Grade II
Nant Wallter cottage1770|sortable=yes}}1993Taliaris, near LlandeiloCarmarthenshireCarmarthenshire{{--}}}}
Southgate tollhouse17721968Penparcau, AberystwythCardiganshireCeredigion{{sort|3|Grade II
Pen Rhiw Unitarian chapel17771956Dre-fach FelindreCarmarthenshireCarmarthenshire{{sort|3|Grade II
Cae Adda byre1778–1900|18th–19th century}}2003WaunfawrCaernarfonshireGwynedd{{--}}}}
Pigsty1800|sortable=yes}}1977Hendre Ifan ProsserGlamorganRhondda Cynon Taf{{--}}}}
Rhyd-y-Car ironworkers' cottages1800|sortable=yes}}1986Rhyd-y-Car, Merthyr TydfilGlamorganMerthyr Tydfil{{--}}}}
Llwyn-yr-Eos farmhouse1820|begun 1820}}—St FagansGlamorganCardiff{{sort|3|Grade II
Gorse mill1842|after 1842}}1983Dôl-wenDenbighshireDenbighshire{{--}}}}
Melin Bompren corn mill1852|begun 1852}}1977Cross InnCeredigion{{--}}}}
Hayshed18701977MaentwrogGwynedd{{--}}}}
Summer House1880|sortable=yes}}1988Bute Park, CardiffGlamorganCardiff{{--}}}}
Gwalia Stores18801991Ogmore ValeGlamorganBridgend{{--}}}}
Maestir School1880|in use 1880–1916}}1984Maestir, near LampeterCardiganshireCeredigion{{--}}}}
Sawmill18921994Tŷ'n Rhos, near Llanddewi BrefiCeredigion{{--}}}}
Tailor's shop 1896 (extended 1920s) 1992 Cross Inn Ceredigion{{--}}}}
Ewenny Pottery1900|sortable=yes}}1988EwennyGlamorganVale of Glamorgan{{--}}}}
Derwen bakehouse19001987Thespian Street, AberystwythCardiganshireCeredigion{{--}}}}
Urinal1901–10|sortable=yes}}1978Llandrindod railway stationRadnorshirePowys{{--}}}}
Oakdale Workmen's Institute19161995OakdaleMonmouthshireCaerphilly{{--}}}}
Saddler's workshop19261986St ClearsCarmarthenshireCarmarthenshire{{--}}}}
Blaenwaun Post Office19361992Blaenwaun, near WhitlandCarmarthenshireCarmarthenshire{{--}}}}
Newbridge War Memorial19361996Caetwmpyn Park, NewbridgeMonmouthshireCaerphilly{{--}}}}
Anderson air raid shelter1939–45|sortable=yes}}{{--}}}}
Prefab bungalow19481998Gabalfa, CardiffGlamorganCardiff{{--}}}}
House of the Future/ Ty Gwyrdd2000[23]—St FagansGlamorganCardiff
Bryn Eryr Iron Age roundhouses 2015[24]
(Reconstruction)		{{--}}}}
Gweithdy 2016[21]
(opened 2018)		— St Fagans Glamorgan Cardiff{{--}}}}
Llys Llewelyn, 13th century royal court 1200s 2016–18
(Reconstruction)		 Rhosyr Anglesey Anglesey{{--}}}}
The Vulcan Hotel1853in progressAdamsdown, CardiffGlamorganCardiff{{--}}}}

Minor exhibits

Future developments

  • The Vulcan Hotel will be rebuilt on the site. Originally located in Adam Street, Cardiff, the hotel first opened in 1853. It closed in May 2012 and was dismantled in 2013 to be placed in storage. It is hoped to restore the building as it would have looked in 1915.[25]
  • The rebuilding of the Victorian police station from Taff's Well, Rhondda Cynon Taf.[26]
  • In 2012 it was announced that Raglan railway station would be rebuilt at the museum.[27]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alva.org.uk/visitor_statistics/|title=Visits made in 2010 to visitor attractions in membership with ALVA|publisher=Association of Leading Visitor Attractions|accessdate=22 October 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031142218/http://www.alva.org.uk/visitor_statistics/|archivedate=31 October 2010|df=}}
2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffians.co.uk/suburbs/stfagans.shtml|title=The history of the suburb of St. Fagans – Cardiffians.co.uk|last=Witty|first=Matthew|website=www.cardiffians.co.uk|language=en-gb|access-date=18 October 2018}}
3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/story-wales-best-loved-museum-14981627|title=The story of Wales' best-loved museum as St Fagans hits 70|last=Clements|first=Laura|date=2018-08-04|work=walesonline|access-date=23 October 2018}}
4. ^{{cite news |title= National History Museum at St Fagans soars to the top of UK's favourite tourist sites |author= Clare Hutchinson |url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2011/09/29/national-history-museum-at-st-fagans-soars-to-the-top-of-uk-s-favourite-tourist-sites-91466-29507382/ |newspaper= WalesOnline |date= 29 September 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}
5. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/welsh-history-month-st-fagans-7908390|title=Welsh History Month: St Fagans’ 100-acre site now contains more than 40 original buildings that demonstrate many aspects of Wales’ architectural history|last=Pyke|first=Chris|date=2014-10-09|work=walesonline|access-date=18 October 2018}}
6. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/st-fagans-celebrates-60-years-2161447|title=St Fagans celebrates 60 years|last=WalesOnline|date=2008-06-30|work=walesonline|access-date=18 October 2018}}
7. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-40584991|title=St Fagans museum's redevelopment opens|date=2017-07-13|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-10-23|language=en-GB}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/oct/18/st-fagans-welsh-history-museum-revamp-completed|title='Story of Wales': history museum's six-year revamp completed|last=Morris|first=Steven|date=18 October 2018|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=18 October 2018}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/first-look-inside-30m-redevelopment-15295532|title=The £30m revamp at St Fagans National Museum of History|last=Bevan|first=Nathan|date=2018-10-18|work=walesonline|access-date=2018-10-23}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplescollection.wales/items/672|title=Opening ceremony of Pen-rhiw Chapel at the Welsh Folk Museum, St. Fagans, 21 June 1956|website=Peoples Collection Wales|language=en|access-date=18 October 2018}}
11. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-18664538 BBC News, "Haverfordwest Tudor trader home opens at St Fagans museum", 2 July 2012]. Retrieved 11 September 2013
12. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-18816130 BBC News – ""Work starts to move Cardiff's Vulcan pub to St Fagans museum", 12 July 2012]. Retrieved 30 September 2013
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://britishheritage.com/stfagans-time-for-welsh-history|title=St.Fagans: Time for Welsh History|work=British Heritage|access-date=2018-10-18|language=en}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.walesartsreview.org/the-power-of-everyman-cardiffs-theatre-festival/|title=The Power of Everyman: Cardiff's Theatre Festival|date=2015-08-04|work=Wales Arts Review|access-date=2018-10-18|language=en-US}}
15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/showbiz/everyman-takes-plays-outdoors-1906062|title=Everyman takes plays outdoors|last=Owens|first=David|date=2010-07-01|work=walesonline|access-date=2018-10-18}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theatre-wales.co.uk/companies/company_details.asp?ID=98|title=Details of Everyman Theatre Cardiff on the Theatre in Wales database|website=www.theatre-wales.co.uk|access-date=18 October 2018}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/arts/sites/doctor-who-wales/alllocations/cardiff-st-fagans-natural-history-museum|title=BBC – Wales – Arts – Doctor Who in Wales – St Fagans Natural History Museum, Cardiff|website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=18 October 2018}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldtravelguide.net/features/feature/close-encounters-with-the-welsh-world-of-dr-who/|title=Close encounters with the Welsh world of Dr Who – World Travel Guide|work=World Travel Guide|access-date=2018-10-18|language=en-US}}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/travel/2017-04-14/13-doctor-who-filming-locations-you-can-visit-in-south-wales/|title=13 Doctor Who filming locations you can visit in South Wales|work=Radio Times|access-date=18 October 2018|language=en}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://yourcardiff.walesonline.co.uk/2012/05/03/st-fagans-24m-revamp-takes-a-step-forward/|title=St Fagans £24m revamp takes a step forward|work=Wales Online}}
21. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/one-wales-favourite-museums-having-12275853|title=One of Wales' favorite museums is having a big revamp and this is what you can expect|work=Wales Online|date=5 December 2016|accessdate=23 October 2018}}
22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/oct/18/st-fagans-welsh-history-museum-revamp-completed|title='Story of Wales': history museum's six-year revamp completed |work=theguardian.com |date=18 October 2018 |accessdate=23 October 2018}}
23. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/948766.stm |title=First tenants meet house of the future |publisher=BBC Wales |date=30 September 2000 |accessdate=9 March 2016 }}
24. ^Bryn Eryr: from house to home, Amgueddfa Blog (National Museum Wales), 18 August 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
25. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-23482063 BBC News, "Plans to rebuild Cardiff's Vulcan pub at St Fagans submitted", 28 July 2013]. Retrieved 2 February 2014
26. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-14221017 |title=St Fagans: National History Museum police station plans |date=21 July 2011 |work=BBC News|accessdate=6 May 2012}}
27. ^{{citation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-20521066|first=Neil|last=Prior|date=28 November 2012|title=Raglan railway station to move to St Fagans museum|work=BBC News|accessdate=3 August 2015}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • [https://museum.wales/stfagans/ Official website]
  • The buildings of St Fagans
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20050307114319/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/panoramics/pages/welshlife_castle.shtml BBC Wales site] including panoramic views of buildings in the museum
  • Everyman Theatre
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070426151028/http://www.gtj.org.uk/en/item10/28950 St Fagans National History Museum at Gathering the Jewels]
  • Celebration of St Dwynwen's day in Wales
{{Culture in Cardiff}}{{Economy and industry of Cardiff}}{{Landmarks and visitor attractions in Cardiff}}{{Museums and art galleries in Wales}}

4 : St Fagans National Museum of History|Musical instrument museums|1946 establishments in Wales|Museums established in 1946
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