| 词条 | Parkes ministry (1889–91) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| cabinet_name = Fifth Parkes ministry | cabinet_number = 26th | jurisdiction = the Colony of New South Wales | flag = | flag_border = true | incumbent = | image = File:Henryparkes.jpg | image_size = x85px | image2 = Australian states history 13.gif | image_size2 = x85px | image3 = | image_size3 = x85px | caption = Premier Sir Henry Parkes and the Colony of New South Wales (1863–1900) | date_formed = {{start date|1889|3|8|df=y}} | date_dissolved = {{end date|1891|10|22|df=y}} | government_head = Sir Henry Parkes | government_head_history = | deputy_government_head = | state_head = Queen Victoria (represented by Lord Carrington and subsequently The Earl of Jersey) | members_number = 10 | former_members_number = | total_number = | political_party = Free Trade Party | legislature_status = Minority government | opposition_cabinet = | opposition_party = Protectionist Party | opposition_leader = George Dibbs | election = | last_election = | legislature_term = | budget = | advice_and_consent1 = | advice_and_consent2 = | incoming_formation = | outgoing_formation = | previous = Second Dibbs ministry | successor = Third Dibbs ministry }} The fifth Parkes ministry was the 26th ministry of the Colony of New South Wales, and was led by the seventh Premier, the Honourable Sir Henry Parkes, GCMG. It was the fifth and final occasion that Parkes was Premier.[1] Having served in the New South Wales Legislative Council between 1854 and 1856, Parkes was elected in the first free elections for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly held in 1856, however resigned from Parliament later that year. He served in the Assembly on several occasions, between 1858 and 1870, being forced to resign on at least one occasion due to his personal insolvency. He came to power as Premier on the first occasion in 1872, serving as Premier for a period of three years. However, Parkes lost the confidence of the Assembly following Governor Robinson's decision to release of the bushranger Frank Gardiner led to the defeat of the ministry in 1875.[1] John Robertson served as Premier between 1875 and 1877, before Robertson was defeated at the 1877 election. Parkes formed his second ministry in a challenging environment where both Parkes and Robertson shared equal representation in the Legislative Assembly and business was sometimes at a standstill.[2] Parkes' second term as Colonial Premier lasted just 147 days, with the Farnell ministry giving both Parkes and Robertson reprieve for 12 months, prior to Parkes and Robertson forming an alliance government in the third Parkes ministry.[1] The retirement of Robertson pitted Parkes against George Dibbs and after the governments of both Dibbs and Sir Patrick Jennings faltered under public debt,[1] Parkes formed his fourth ministry, lasting nearly two years. Dibbs again formed government, but lasted for less than two months, before Parkes again formed government, where he agitated for the formation of a Commonwealth of Australia against a somewhat hostile New South Wales Colonial government. When the New South Wales Legislative Assembly voted in favour of a motion of no confidence against Parkes, he resigned from Parliament in October 1891.[1][2] There was no party system in New South Wales politics until 1887.[3] Under the constitution, ministers were required to resign to recontest their seats in a by-election when appointed.[4] In the table below, these by-elections are only noted when the minister was defeated; in general, he was elected unopposed. This ministry covers the period from 8 March 1889 until 22 October 1891.[5] Composition of ministry
See also{{stack|{{portal|New South Wales|Politics}}}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |first=A. W. |last=Martin |title=Parkes, Sir Henry (1815–96) |publisher=Australian National University |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url =http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A050455b.htm |accessdate=17 July 2011}} {{s-start}}{{succession box | before=Second Dibbs ministry | title=Fifth Parkes ministry | years=1889–1891 | after=Third Dibbs ministry}}{{s-end}}{{Ministries of New South Wales}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Parkes ministry (1889-1891)}}2. ^1 {{cite web |first=Percival |last=Serle |title =Sir Henry Parkes (1816–1896) |publisher =Project Gutenberg Australia |work=Dictionary of Australian Biography |url =http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogP-Q.html#parkes1 |accessdate = 17 July 2011}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://blogs.abc.net.au/antonygreen/2010/10/centenary-of-the-first-nsw-labor-government.html|title=Centenary of the First NSW Labor Government|date=20 October 2010|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|last=Green|first=Antony|authorlink=Antony Green|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60JLSTz09|archivedate=20 July 2011}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.atlas.nsw.gov.au/public/nsw/home/topic/article/1904-redistribution.html|title=1904 Redistribution|work=Atlas of New South Wales|publisher=Government of New South Wales|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60JN318sp|archivedate=20 July 2011}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/Archives_MemberPage |title=Former Members - Chronological List of Ministries 1856 to 2009 (requires download) |work=Project for the Sesquicentenary of Responsible Government in NSW |publisher=Parliament of New South Wales |format=Excel spreadsheet |accessdate=17 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315063124/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/Archives_MemberPage/ |archivedate=15 March 2011 }} 3 : New South Wales ministries|1889 establishments in Australia|1891 disestablishments in Australia |
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