| 词条 | Particularly vulnerable tribal group | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Dhebar Commission (1960-1961)[2] stated that within Scheduled Tribes there existed an inequality in the rate of development. During the fourth Five Year Plan a sub-category was created within Scheduled Tribes to identify groups that considered to be at a lower level of development. This was created based on the Dhebar Commission report and other studies. This sub-category was named "Primitive tribal group". The features of such a group include a pre-agricultural system of existence, that is practice of hunting and gathering, zero or negative population growth, extremely low level of literacy in comparison with other tribal groups.[3][3] Groups that satisfied any one of the criterion were considered as PTG. At the conclusion of the Fifth Five year plan, 52 communities were identified as being a "primitive tribal group", these communities were identified on the basis of recommendations made by the respective state governments.[4][3] At the conclusion of the Sixth Five year plan 20 groups were added and 2 more in the Seventh Five year plan, one more group was added in the eighth five-year plan, making a total 75 groups were identified as PTG.[5] The 75th group recognised as PTG were the Maram in Manipur in 1993-94. No new group was declared as PTG on the basis of the 2001 census.[6] In 2006 the government of India proposed to rename "Primitive tribal group" as Primitive and vulnerable tribal group".[7] PTG has since been renamed Primitive and vulnerable tribal group by the government of India.[8] Names of the Primitive and vulnerable tribal groups - states / UT wise:[9]
References1. ^{{cite book|author=B. M. L. Patel|title=Agrarian Transformation In Tribal India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HI9h4qVFDCoC&pg=PA313|accessdate=2 April 2013|date=1 January 1998|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7533-086-3|pages=313–}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Ram Nath Sharma|author2=Dr. Rajendra K. Sharma|title=Problems Of Education In India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4odAR3HVJNcC&pg=PA46|accessdate=2 April 2013|year=2004|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-612-9|pages=46–}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri|author2=Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri|title=Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oG9_QkvmUKMC&pg=PA2|accessdate=2 April 2013|year=2005|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-8324-026-0|page=2}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Jasodhara Bagchi|author2=Sarmistha Dutta Gupta|title=The Changing Status of Women in West Bengal, 1970-2000: The Challenge Ahead|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYYW8Un5zFAC&pg=PA130|accessdate=2 April 2013|year=2005|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3242-0|page=130}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Bhagyalaxmi Mahapatra|title=Development of a Primitive Tribe: A Study of Didayis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hxccPsvvDkkC&pg=PA47|accessdate=2 April 2013|year=2011|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-782-1|pages=47–49}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Komol Singha|title=Economy of a Tribal Village|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ9Z0GzDTeUC&pg=PA167|accessdate=2 April 2013|year=2011|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-745-6|page=21}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Laxmikanth|title=Governance In India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ri6XEuHlcJkC&pg=SA14-PA26|accessdate=2 April 2013|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited|isbn=978-0-07-107466-7|pages=14–}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/misconstruing-order-chhattisgarh-tribals-denied-sterilisation-for-three-decades/article4048484.ece|title=Misconstruing order, Chhattisgarh tribals denied sterilisation for three decades|date=2012-10-31|accessdate=3 April 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web | url = http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2008/Dec/r2008121914.pdf| title = Primitive Tribal Groups and their Population in India as per 2001 Census| accessdate = 2016-02-27 | last = | first = | work = | publisher = pib.nic.in}} 1 : Social groups of India |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。