“Pashchima Namaskarasana”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Pashchima Namaskarasana

释义

Etymology
Description
Variations Practice Points Effects Cautions Anatomy
References
Bibliography

Pashchima Namaskarasana ({{IPA-sa|pɐɕtɕiːmɐ nɐmɐskaːɽaːsɐnaː|IPA}};IAST:Paścima Namaskārāsanā;{{lang-sa|पश्चिम नमस्कारासना}}) is commonly called Reverse Prayer Pose{{sfn|Fitz-Simon|2010}} or Penguin Pose{{sfn|Ramaswami|2005|p=3}} in English and is a standing yoga asana.

It can be considered a variation of Tāḍāsanā.{{sfn|Ramaswami|2005|p=3}}{{sfn|Fitz-Simon|2010}}

Etymology

Paścima Namaskārāsanā ({{lang-sa|पश्चिमे नमस्कारासना}}) is a compound word: paścima ({{lang-sa|पश्चिम}}) means "being behind";^[1]^[2] namaskāra ({{lang-sa|नमस्कार}}) is a "greeting" or "offering of respect";^[3] and āsana ({{lang-sa|आसन}}) means "posture" or "seat".^[4]

Description

From Tāḍāsanā the feet are turned out 90 degrees (with the heels remaining together). Hand behind the back, the palms are placed against each other. {{sfn|Ramaswami|2005|p=3}} This hand position can also be called Añjali Mudrā.{{sfn|Ramaswami|2005|p=8}}

Variations

As an alternative to the fingers or palms touching at the back, the wrists{{sfn|Iyengar|2005|p=46}} or elbows can be grabbed.{{sfn|Fitz-Simon|2010}}

Paścima Namaskārāsanā appears in one of the Hasta Vinyāsas.

Practice Points

When entering the pose, the knees may be bent in order to maintain an upright trunk, then straightened once the hands are in place behind the back.{{sfn|Fitz-Simon|2010}}
When entering the pose, it may be easier to let the shoulders roll forward/upward and open the back (abducting the scapulea), but as the pose deepens the shoulders can relax down and back (adducting the scapulea).{{sfn|Kaminoff|2007|p=72}}
Do not excessively push the chest and ribs forward, rather bring the back against the hands. {{sfn|Fitz-Simon|2010}} The blade of the hands should be firmly against the back. {{sfn|Coulter|2001|p=51}}
Bring the entire palm and all fingers of the hands together evenly, paying special attention to the index finger and thumbs.{{sfn|Fitz-Simon|2010}}
Lift the hands upward{{sfn|Fitz-Simon|2010}} to roughly the level of the shoulder blades.{{sfn|Iyengar|2005|p=46}}
Open the back, and allow the upper arms to roll forward.{{sfn|Fitz-Simon|2010}}
Should the latissimus dorsi be over-engaged, the ability of the spine to flex will be hindered.{{sfn|Kaminoff|2007|p=72}}
Continue appropriate pranayama breathing.
Activate appropriate bandhas.

Effects

This posture opens the abdomen allowing for deeper breath.{{sfn|Iyengar|2005|p=47}}

The posture stretches the pectoral muscles, shoulder joint capsules, and deltoids, as well as numerous upper back muscles.{{sfn|Kaminoff|2007|p=73}}

Cautions

As with Paścima Namaskārāsanā's variation, Tāḍāsanā, those who suffer from headaches, insomnia, or low blood pressure should take care when practicing prolonged standing poses.

Anatomy

This posture primarily affects the scapulea's articulation in relation to the rib cage, and the mobility of the wrists and forearms.{{sfn|Kaminoff|2007|p=73}}

There are numerous joint actions when performing this pose: The downward rotation and adduction of the scapulae toward the rib cage. The glenohumeral joint extends and rotates medially. The elbows are flexed, and forearms pronated, with the wrists

dorsiflexed and hands extended.{{sfn|Kaminoff|2007|p=72}}

The muscles at work are the subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, lower, mid-, and upper trapezius muscles; while the

infraspinatus, teres minor, serratus anterior, anterior deltoids, and (if the scapulea are adducted) the pectoralis major and minor are being stretched.{{sfn|Kaminoff|2007|p=73}}

Should the practitioner have particularly tight pectoral muscles, deltoids, or shoulder joint capsules, this posture may be difficult.{{sfn|Kaminoff|2007|p=73}}

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=pazcima&script=&direction=SE&link=yes | title=Spoken Sanskrit Dictionary: पश्चिम Entry | accessdate=04-02-2012}}
2. ^{{cite book | url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0612-pazubandhaka.jpg |page=612 | title=Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary |year=2008|publisher= Brown University }}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=Namaskara&trans=Translate&direction=AU | title=Spoken Sanskrit Dictionary: नमस्कार Entry | accessdate=04-01-2012}}
4. ^{{cite web | url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=Asana&script=&direction=SE&link=yes | title=SpokenSanskrit Dictionary: आसन entry | accessdate = 2012-03-11}}

Bibliography

{{cite book |

last1=Ramaswami

|first1=Srivatsa
|title=The Complete Book of Vinyasa Yoga
|publisher=Da Capo Press
|year=2005
|isbn=9781569244029}}

{{cite book|last=Iyengar|first=B. K. S.|authorlink=B. K. S. Iyengar|title=Illustrated Light On Yoga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbx5AAAACAAJ|date=1 October 2005|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=9788172236069}}
{{cite book

|last1=Kaminoff
|first1=Leslie
|title=Yoga Anatomy
|year=2007
|publisher=The Breath Trust
|isbn=978-0736062787
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LxNrxZ4navgC&lpg=PA39&vq=Terminology%20Note&pg=PA39#v=onepage&q&f=false}}

{{cite book

| last1=Coulter
| first1=H. David
| title=Anatomy of Hatha Yoga
| year=2001
| publisher=Body and Breath Inc.
| isbn=978-0970700605}}

{{cite web

| last1=Fitz-Simon
| first1=Witold
| work=Yoga Art and Science
| title= Arm Variations: Pashchima Namaskarasana
| year=2010
| accessdate=04-02-2012
| url=http://www.yogaartandscience.com/poses/av/pashnam/pashnam.html}}{{refend}}

2 : Buddhist meditation|Asanas

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