“Passive fluency”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Passive fluency

释义

Language Attitudes regarding "Passive Bilinguals"
A Need for Passive Bilinguals in Basque Country
References

{{Orphan|date=March 2015}}Passive fluency is where a person can fluently read and audibly understand a language whilst not having the ability to fluently speak or write the language.^[1] Passive fluency is often brought about by being raised in one language (which becomes the person's passive language) and being schooled in another language (which becomes the person's native language).^[2]

People who are passively fluent in a language are often latent speakers who were raised in an environment where the language was spoken but did not become native speakers.^[2]

Language Attitudes regarding "Passive Bilinguals"

A more common term for this phenomenon is 'passive bilingualism'. Grosjean argues that there has been a monolingual bias regarding who is considered a 'bilingual', where people who do not have equal competence in all their languages are judges not speaking properly. 'Balanced bilinguals' are, in fact, very rare, and the fluency of a bilingual in his/ her languages is domain- specific: it depends on what they need the languages for.^[3] This means that speakers may not admit to their fluency in their passive language, despite the fact that there are social (extralinguistic) factors underlying their different competencies.

A Need for Passive Bilinguals in Basque Country

Karlos Cid Abasolo discusses that passive bilingualism would be a minimum requirement for the co- official status of Basque and Spanish to become a working reality. As there are currently many monolingual Spanish speakers, and no monolingual Basque speakers, there is not yet a situation where an individual fluent in Basque could speak in his/ her mother tongue, regardless of the domain, circumstance or interlocutor.^[4]

References

1. ^{{cite journal | last= Leap | first= W. | date= 1988 | title= Indian language renewal | journal= Human Organization | publisher= | volume= 47 | issue= 4 | pages= 283–291 | doi= 10.17730/humo.47.4.c23234600v728641 }}
2. ^¹{{cite journal | last = Basham | first = Charlotte | last2 = Fathman | first2 = Ann | date = 19 December 2008 | title = The Latent Speaker: Attaining Adult Fluency in an Endangered Language | journal = International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 577–597 | doi = 10.1080/13670050802149192 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.115.5492 }}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Grosjean|first1=François|title=Bilingual : Life and Reality|date=2010|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Massachusetts|page=21}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Abasolo|first1=Karlos Cid|title=Bilingüísmo, monolingüísmo y sesquilingüismo en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca|journal=Revista de Filología Románica|date=2009|volume=26|pages=229–242}}

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4 : Language|Language education|Oral communication|Multilingualism

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