“Paswan”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Historically a pastoral community, many Dusadhs fought on behalf of the East India Company during the 18th century.^[3]

The Paswan (Dusadh) are a Hindu Caste, found in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarkhand, Bihar,^[4] Jharkhand, West Bengal with other States in India.

This caste belongs to Scheduled Caste of India. The Paswans, members of this caste are now developing in the society. They are in all fields Politics, Social Service, Engineering, Medical, Administrative services etc. This cast is one of the most developed castes in Scheduled Caste.

Paswans, primarily known as Dusadh in the state of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Madhya Pradesh, north east states and West Bengal in their people's notification/gadgets. Paswan is known for their valour and courage. They were the born warriors and had the history of participating in various historical battles in the past. Paswan is only the community among SC in Bihar who doesn't have any traditional profession to do or perform. But despite of this they are hard working people and imparting valuable contribution towards their education and social upliftment. It is the most educated SC community among other i.e. 25 percent. This community actively participates in all social revolutions in the state like Bihar and has acquired a dignified status in the society but still not the forward position. Still you will find people being appointed or serving hierarchically as Choukidars in villages or security personnel because of their past history.

The Dusadh are traditionally a community of watchmen and belong to Uttar Pradesh, Uttarkhand Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and other States. This community are concentrated in the Purvanchal, especially in the districts of Varanasi, Chandauli, Sonbhadra, Mirzapur, Ghazipur, Ballia, Gorakhpur Devaria, Basti, Bahraich, Sant Kabir Nagar, Mau, Jaunpur, Lucknow, Azamgarhand other districts. They are migrated to all states. The population of this Caste in Uttar Pradesh is 3-5% and Dusadhs are the second largest Dalit community of undivided Bihar. They are also found in bordering areas of West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh with Bihar. The community practice sub-caste endogamy. Mostly Dusadh community is living in Bihar to Araria, Arwal, Aurangabad, Banka, Begusarai, Bhabhua, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Buxar, Darbhanga, East Champaran, Gaya, Gopalganj, Jamui, Jehanabad, Katihar, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Lakhisarai, Madhepur, Madhubani, Munger, Muzaffarpur, Nalanda, Nawada, Patna, Purnia, Rohtas, Saharsa, Samastipur, Saran, Sheohar, Shiekhpura, Sitamarhi, Siwan, Supaul, Vaishali, West Champaran, Jharkhand to Ranchi, Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega, Palamu, Latehar, Garhwa, West Singhbhum, Seraikela, Kharsawan, East Singhbhum, Dumka, Jamtara, Sahebganj, Pakur, Godda, Hazaribagh, Chatra, Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Deoghar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Orissa, (Delhi(Migrated)), (Madhya Pradesh(Migrated)) and other's states. Dusadhs are one of the most stigmatized groups of Indian caste system. They initially belonged to the Guhilot Rajput clans and lost their level through different circumstances. Migration from one place to another was the most important. It is evident from many authentic resources that they migrated from Rajasthan and Delhi. Aalha/Udal/Amar Singh Rathor with Rana Lakha (1382–1421) of Mewar came to Varanasi and Gaya in Bihar to protect the temples. Rana lakha was killed in the operation and Dusadhs settled there and other nearby places without any land or property. Many returned too. Their history is very recent in this part of India and mostly derived from the British writings.

The 2011 Census of India for Uttar Pradesh showed the Dusadh population, which was classified as a Scheduled Caste, as being 230,593.^[5] The 2001 Census of India recorded 4,029,411 in Bihar.^[6]

References

1. ^{{cite book |title=The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India |first1=Oliver |last1=Mendelsohn |first2=Marika |last2=Vicziany |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-52155-671-2 |page=xiii |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FGbp9MjhvKAC&pg=PR13}}
2. ^{{cite book |title=The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India |first1=Oliver |last1=Mendelsohn |first2=Marika |last2=Vicziany |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-52155-671-2 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FGbp9MjhvKAC&pg=PA6}}
3. ^{{cite book |title=Society and Circulation: Mobile People and Itinerant Cultures in South Asia, 1750-1950 |editor1-first=Claude |editor1-last=Markovits |editor2-first=Jacques |editor2-last=Pouchepadass |editor3-first=Sanjay |editor3-last=Subrahmanyam |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-843312-31-4 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YEj600m1bgMC&pg=PA299}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/hemraj-paswan-a-centenarian-voter-shows-political-acuity/article26656362.ece|title=Hemraj Paswan: A ‘centenarian’ voter shows political acuity|last=Tewary|first=Amarnath|date=2019-03-27|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-04-06|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2017-02-06}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_bihar.pdf|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=8 March 2014}}