| 词条 | Paul Davidson (producer) |
| 释义 |
| name = Paul Davidson | image = Paul Davidson.jpg | caption = Paul Davidson | birth_date = {{birth date|1867|3|30|df=y}}[1] | birth_place = Lötzen, East Prussia (modern Giżycko, Poland) | death_date = {{death date and age|1927|7|18|1867|3|30|df=y}} | death_place = Ebenhausen, Weimar Germany[2] | nationality = German | occupation = film producer | spouse = | children = }} Paul Davidson (30 March 1867 – 18 July 1927) was a German film producer. BiographyPaul Davidson was born in Lötzen, East Prussia (modern Giżycko, Poland) the son of Moritz Davidson. He initially worked as a commercial traveller in the textile industry and became the manager of a security firm in Frankfurt am Main in 1902. On vacation to Paris he saw his first movie, a Georges Méliès film, in a cinema.[3][4][5] Back in Frankfurt he founded the "Allgemeine Kinematographen-Theater Gesellschaft, Union-Theater für lebende und Tonbilder GmbH" (A.K.T.G.) on 21 March 1906 and opened Mannheim’s first permanent cinema, the Union-Theater (U.T.). Further cinemas followed in Frankfurt, Düsseldorf, Cologne, Strasbourg, Amsterdam and Brussels.[3][4] On 4 September 1909 Davidson opened the Union-Theater at Berlin, Alexanderplatz.[6][7] Another Union-Theater was opened at Berlin's Unter den Linden on 21 August 1910, by 1910 Davidson had built up a "sizeable chain of 600–1000 seater luxury cinemas".[8] On 2 August 1913 the Union-Palast, Kurfürstendamm, one of the first buildings of Berlin exclusively built as a movie theater, premiered with Max Reinhardt’s "Die Insel der Seligen".[8][9] In March 1910 Davidson founded the Projektions-Aktiengesellschaft Union (PAGU), Germany’s first joint-stock company in film industry and the first to integrate production, distribution and equipment hire.[3] Following the success of Asta Nielsen’s The Abyss he founded the Internationale Film-Vertriebs-Gesellschaft in conjunction with Nielsen and her husband Urban Gad on 1 June 1911.[10] The company held the European rights on all Nielsen films and Nielsen became a “scintillating international film star” with an annual fee of 85,000 Marks in 1914 alone.[3][11] Davidson described Nielsen as the decisive factor for his move to film productions: I had not been thinking about film production. But then I saw the first Asta Nielsen film. I realised that the age of short film was past. And above all I realised that this woman was the first artist in the medium of film. Asta Nielsen, I instantly felt could be a global success. It was International film Sales that provided Union with eight Nielsen films per year. I built her a studio in Tempelhof, and set up a big production staff around her. This woman can carry it ... Let the films cost whatever they cost. I used every available means – and devised many new ones – in order to bring the Asta Nielsen films to the world.[10][12] In late 1912 the PAGU moved to Berlin and opened a studio in Berlin-Tempelhof (Davidson would also play an important role in the founding of the Babelsberg studios).[13] The PAGU engaged directors like Ernst Lubitsch and Paul Wegener as well as actors like Asta Nielsen, Fern Andra, Pola Negri, Ossi Oswalda, Emil Jannings and Harry Liedtke.[3] In January 1914 PAGU was merged with Jules Greenbaum’s company to form PAGU-Vitascope, however, the project, including a cooperation with the French Pathé Freres ended at the outbreak of World War I. In August 1915 Davidson sold his cinemas to the Danish Nordisk Film.[11] [14]PAGU became part of the newfounded Universum Film AG (UFA) in 1917 and Davidson worked as the UFA’s artistic director and head of production.[14] In 1920 he left the UFA to produce Lubitsch’s "Das Weib des Pharao" (The Wife of the Pharaoh) and "Die Flamme" (The Flame) within the short-living Europäische Film-Allianz (EFA).[3][15] When Lubitsch moved to Hollywood in 1922, Davidson had produced 39 movies directed by Lubitsch.[12][16] From 1922 he produced pictures independently, but exclusively for the UFA. He canceled his contract early in 1927 and committed suicide on 18 July that year.[3] Selected filmography{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
Notes1. ^Thomas Elsaesser (A second life: Germany's cinemas first decades) gives 1871 as year of birth 2. ^The exact place of death remains unclear: * Hans-Michael Bock (The concise Cinegraph: encyclopaedia of German cinema) gives Ebershausen * Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie: Ebenhausen, Oberbayern * Kay Weniger: Das große Personenlexikon des Films: Dresden on 11 June 1927 * IMDb: Berlin ([https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0203452/ IMDb biography]) 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7gFT_Duq1cC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q=davidson&f=false|title=The Concise Cinegraph: Encyclopaedia of German Cinema|first1=Hans-Michael|last1=Bock|first2=Tim|last2=Bergfelder |publisher=Berghahn books|year=2009|isbn=978-1-57181-655-9|page=80|language=|accessdate=11 February 2012}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zAPIWY41TvYC&pg=PA79&dq=%22Paul+Davidson%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=zp8rT4j4O4zRsgbFl5mODQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=%22Paul%20Davidson%22&f=false |title=A second life: German cinema’s first decades|first1=Thomas |last1=Elsaesser|first2=Michael|last2=Wedel |publisher=Amsterdam University Press|year=1996|isbn=90-5356-183-8|pages=79, 80|language=|accessdate=11 February 2012}} 5. ^sztetl.org 6. ^Grand Hotel Alexanderplatz {{de icon}} 7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=taIieOa460gC&pg=PA104&dq=%22paul+davidson%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=8qQrT4DyNIPptQaXpe2ADQ&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBzgo#v=onepage&q=%22paul%20davidson%22&f=false|title=Der Berliner Alexanderplatz|first1=Gernot |last1=Jochheim |publisher=Ch.Links|year=2006|isbn=978-3-86153-391-7|page=104|language=German|accessdate=11 February 2012}} 8. ^1 Elsaesser: A second life: German cinema’s first decades; page 24 9. ^berlin.de {{de icon}} 10. ^1 Elsaesser: A second life: German cinema’s first decades; page 85 11. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=de&id=-X6Y4W62sF0C&dq=Davidson+Asta++nielsen&q=Nielsen#v=snippet&q=Nielsen&f=false|title=Berliner Chic: A Locational History of Berlin Fashion|first1=Susan |last1=Ingram |first2=Katrina |last2=Sark|publisher=Intellect Books|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84150-369-1|page=119|language= |accessdate=11 February 2012}} 12. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=de&id=0RmSMWQE4LAC&dq=Davidson+Asta++nielsen&q=Lubitsch+Davidson#v=snippet&q=Lubitsch%20Davidson&f=false|title=Between two worlds: The Jewish Presence in German and Austrian Film, 1910–1933|first1=Siegbert Salomon|last1=Prawer |publisher=Berghahn books|year=2005|isbn=1-84545-074-4|pages=2, 3|language=|accessdate=11 February 2012}} 13. ^biography at Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie {{de icon}} 14. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZoWjz9XmVkC&pg=PA112&dq=%22paul+davidson%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=iqcrT8vXFYeRswbIsuGBDQ&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCTiCAQ#v=onepage&q=%22paul%20davidson%22&f=false|title=A second life: Weimar cinema and after: Germany’s historical imaginary|first1=Thomas |last1=Elsaesser |publisher=Routledge|year=2000|isbn=0-415-01234-1|page=112|language=|accessdate=11 February 2012}} 15. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I1u5qMPO0RkC&pg=PA74&dq=%22paul+davidson%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=_6UrT8OZM4bBswbjx9T3DA&ved=0CFwQ6AEwBzg8#v=onepage&q=%22paul%20davidson%22&f=false|title=The Ufa story: a history of Germany’s greatest film company, 1918–1945|first1=Klaus |last1=Kreimeier |publisher=University of California Press |year=1999|isbn=0-520-22069-2|page=74|language=|accessdate=11 February 2012}} 16. ^"Lubitsch joined Davidson after a brief experiment with a company of his own, and eventually made thirty-nine films for PAGU – most of them before and some after it became one of four main units that merged into Ufa", in Between two worlds: The Jewish Presence in German and Austrian Film, 1910–1933 by Prawer, 2005, in this reference list. References{{Reflist}}External links
8 : 1867 births|1927 deaths|People from Giżycko|People from the Province of Prussia|German film producers|German Jews|Suicides in Germany|Businesspeople from Frankfurt |
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