“Paul Redfern”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Paul Redfern (24 February 1902 – unknown).^[1] In August 1927, Redfern became the first person to fly solo across the Caribbean Sea and the first to fly nonstop from North to South America. Unfortunately he has never been found or heard from since he was observed flying inland over Venezuela. Redfern's flight was twelve weeks after Lindbergh made his historic flight from New York to Paris. In 1929, Lindbergh came close to skimming the sands of the Sea Island, Georgia beach Redfern took off from and dropped carnations in his fellow flyer's honor. If Redfern had reached his final destination, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, his 4600 mile flight would have outdistanced Lindbergh. Redfern had an alternative landing site planned if his fuel ran too low, but it is unknown whether he pursued that alternative or decided to continue on to Rio where thousands awaited his arrival, including the President of Brazil and movie star Clara Bow.

Biography

Paul Rinaldo Redfern was born in 1902 to Blanche Myrtle Redfern and Dr. Frederick Coachefer Redfern^[2] in Rochester, NY. His uncles were Richard S. Redfern and Edwin C. Redfern.^[2] As a teenager, Paul lived in Columbia, S.C. where his father was a Dean at Benedict College and an advocate for black rights who advised Roosevelt on poverty in the South. His mother taught English at Benedict and represented South Carolina as a delegate at national political conventions. Paul was a mechanical and musical prodigy. He was planning to go to MIT, but after building several planes, he was asked by the U.S. government at age 16 to go to N.J. to be a production inspector for the Army Air Corps at the Standard Aircraft Company. Upon returning to South Carolina, he became a barnstormer at air shows and started the first airport in Columbia, S.C. He married Gertrude Hildebrand in Toledo, Ohio in 1925.^[3]

Flight and disappearance

Redfern went missing in 1927 when he attempted to fly from Brunswick, Georgia to Brazil in a Stinson SM-1 Detroiter NX-773 nicknamed the Port of Brunswick^[4]. He was spotted by the Norwegian freighter Christian Krogh a few hundred miles off the coast of South America, after dropping a message asking for the ship to be turned in the direction of the nearest land, and when nearing Venezuela he was spotted by a fisherman just off the coast and then later by others in towns and outposts in Venezuela. He failed to arrive in Rio de Janeiro, and over the years more than a dozen search parties were organized. Missionaries and people visiting tribes living in the jungle reported on a white man living among the Indians, but he was never found and no credible evidence documenting that he somehow survived the flight exists.^[5]^[6]

In September 1927, George Henry Hamilton Tate, sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History, went to look for Redfern.^[7] Some believed him to still be alive as late as 1932.^[8]

In 1936, Art Williams claimed he found traces of the Redfern crash in British Guyana.^[9]

In 1937, the 13th expedition was organized to find out his fate.^[10] Now missing for ten years, he could be legally declared dead.^[11]

In April 1938 Theodore J. Waldeck believed he found the wreckage of Redfern's plane.^[13]

His widow, Gertrude Hillabrand, died in 1981 and was buried in Detroit, Michigan.^[3]

In 1988 Robert Carlin believed that Redfern had flown over Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela only to be killed in a crash in the Jungle and that a report that aviator Jimmy Angel had seen wreckage of Redfern's plane was not bragging but correct. ^[15] Carlin believed the area to be approximately 40 miles NNW of Angel Falls.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://lib.rochester.edu/index.cfm?page=3483&y=1929&v=7&i=3&p=70 | title=Life Story of Paul Redfern, Aviator | publisher=Rochester Alumni Review | date=1929 | accessdate=19 April 2015 | author=Redfern, Frederick C.}}
2. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Rochester Suicide Believed R.S. Redfern. Uncle of Aviator Lost on Brazil Flight Had Aided Search in South America |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/04/26/archives/rochester-suicide-believed-rs-redfern-uncle-of-aviator-lost-on.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=April 26, 1933 |accessdate=2013-12-29 }}
3. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.eaa242.org/PaulRedfern/redfern_001.asp |title=Paul Rinaldo Redfern. The First Aviator to Solo the Caribbean Sea |date= |accessdate=2013-12-30 |publisher=Palmetto Sport Aviation |location= }}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://windowstoworldhistory.weebly.com/are-paul-redfern-and-the-port-of-new-brunswick-buried-in-the-amazon-jungle.html|title=Are Paul Redfern and the Port of New Brunswick Buried in the Amazon Jungle?|website=WINDOWS TO WORLD HISTORY|language=en|access-date=2019-01-27}}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://triathletechronicles.com/2013/10/21/lost-legend-paul-redfern-and-the-birth-of-aviation-in-columbia-s-c/ | title=Lost legend – Paul Redfern and the birth of aviation in Columbia, S.C. | date=21 October 2013 | accessdate=19 April 2015 | author=Piercy, Alan}}
6. ^{{cite book | title=One Summer in America – 1927 | publisher=Black Swan | author=Bryson, Bill | year=2013 | pages=419–420 | isbn=978-0-552-77256-3}}
7. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Explorer In Brazil To Seek Paul Redfern. Backer of Expedition Cables Tate to Use Native Runners in Hunt for Georgian Flier |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1927/09/11/archives/explorer-in-brazil-to-seek-paul-redfern-backer-of-expedition-cables.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=September 11, 1927 |accessdate=2013-12-29 }}
8. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Says Flier Is Safe If With Parintins. Explorer Believes Paul Redfern Is Enjoying Life in the Brazilian Jungle |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1932/12/28/archives/says-flier-is-safe-if-with-parantins-explorer-believes-paul-redfern.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=December 28, 1932 |accessdate=2013-12-29 }}
9. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Williams Found Redfern Traces. Signs of Missing American in Guiana Jungles Were Recent, the Flier Declares |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0710FE3D54147B93C0AB178AD85F428385F9 |newspaper=New York Times |date=January 22, 1936 |accessdate=2013-12-29 }}
10. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Begin New Redfern Hunt. Explorers Start 13th Expedition in 10-Year Quest for Flier |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1937/12/14/archives/begin-new-redfern-hunt-explorers-start-13th-expedition-in-10year.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=December 14, 1937 |accessdate=2013-12-29 }}
11. ^{{cite news |author= |title=To Ask Redfern Be Ruled Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1937/09/30/archives/to-ask-redfern-be-ruled-dead.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=September 30, 1937 |accessdate=2013-12-29 }}
12. ^{{cite news |author= |title=New Yorker Dies in British Guiana Jungle While on Expedition to Find Paul Redfern |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00F1FF6345D1B7A93CAA81789D85F4C8385F9 |newspaper=New York Times |date=February 18, 1938 |accessdate=2013-12-29 }}
13. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Death Of Redfern Now Held Proved. Waldeck, on Return From the Jungle, Says He Has Found Scene of Fatal Crash. Riddle Believed Solved. 'The Suspense Is Ended', Flier's Father's Comment on Expedition's Report. Flier's Father Gets Report. Plane Crash Established |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0A13F63F5C1B7A93CBAB178FD85F4C8385F9 |newspaper=New York Times |date=April 29, 1938 |accessdate=2013-12-29 }}
14. ^¹{{cite news |author= |title=Redfern, Father Of Lost Aviator. Professor Clung to Hope That Son, Paul, Who Disappeared in 1927 Flight, Was Alive |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/11/08/archives/redfernfather-of-lost-aviator-professor-clung-to-hope-that-son-paul.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=November 8, 1941 |accessdate=2013-12-29 }}
15. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=ci_F3K9AGPQC&pg=PA94&dq=Jimmy+angel&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj7hPTRgYneAhVOm-AKHVL_DgEQ6AEIKzAB#v=onepage&q=Jimmy%20angel&f=false Flying Magazine Aug 1988 "The Redfern Mystery" by Len Morgan. Accessed October 15,2018]