“Pearl vortex”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In superconductivity, a Pearl vortex is a vortex of supercurrent in a thin film of type-II superconductor, first described in 1964 by Judea Pearl.^[1] A Pearl vortex is similar to Abrikosov vortex except for its magnetic field profile which, due to the dominant air-metal interface, diverges sharply as 1/

at short distances from the center, and decays slowly, like 1/

at long distances. Abrikosov's vortices, in comparison, have very short range interaction and diverge as

near the center.

A transport current flowing through a superconducting film may cause these vortices to move with a constant velocity

proportional to, and perpendicular to the transport current. Because of their proximity to the surface, and their sharp field divergence at their centers, Pearl's vortices

The characteristic length governing the distribution of the magnetic field around the vortex center is given by the ratio

, also known as "Pearl length," where

is the film thickness and

Because this ratio can reach macroscopic dimensions (~1 mm) by making the film sufficiently thin, it can

be measured relatively easy and used to estimate the density of superconducting electrons.^[4]

At distances shorter than the Pearl's length, vortices behave like a Coulomb gas (1/

repulsive force).

References

1. ^{{cite journal|last=Pearl|first=Judea|title=Current distribution in superconducting films carrying quantized fluxoids|journal=Applied Physics Letters|year=1964|volume=5|issue=4|doi=10.1063/1.1754056|pages=65|bibcode = 1964ApPhL...5...65P }}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Tafuri|first=F. |author2=J.R. Kirtley |author3=P.G. Medaglia |author4=P. Orgiani |author5=G. Balestrino|title=Magnetic Imaging of Pearl vortices in Artificially layered

Systems|journal=Physical Review Letters|date=|year=2004|volume=92|issue=15|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.157006|bibcode = 2004PhRvL..92o7006T }}
3. ^{{cite journal|last=Pozzi|first=G.|title=Electron optical effects of a Pearl vortex near the film edge|journal=Physical Review B|year=2007|volume=76|issue=54510|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054510|bibcode = 2007PhRvB..76e4510P }}
4. ^¹{{cite journal|last=Bert|first=Julie A.|author2=Beena Kalisky |author3=Christopher Bell |author4=Minu Kim |author5=Yasuyuki Hikita |author6=Harold Y. Hwang |author7=Kathryn A. Moler |title=Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the

interface|journal=Nature Physics|year=2011|volume=7|pages=767––771|doi=10.1038/nphys2079|issue=10|bibcode = 2011NatPh...7..767B |arxiv = 1108.3150 }}
5. ^{{cite journal|last=Clem|first=John R.|title=Josephson junctions in thin and narrow rectangular superconducting strips|journal=Physical Review B|year=2010|volume=81|page=144515|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144515|arxiv=1003.0839|bibcode = 2010PhRvB..81n4515C }}