“Peninsula Campaign Confederate Order of Battle”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Peninsula Campaign Confederate Order of Battle

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Abbreviations used
Military rank
Army of Northern Virginia
Right of Position (Army of the Peninsula) Center of Position Left of Position Reserve Cavalry and Artillery Reserves
Other Troops in the Department of Northern Virginia
Huger's Division (Department of Norfolk) Aquia District Troops Around Gordonsville District of the Valley
References

The following Confederate Army units and commanders were the initial structure on April 30, 1862 of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. It contains units throughout Virginia that influenced the campaign.^[1] The Union order of battle is listed separately.

Abbreviations used

Military rank

Gen = General
MG = Major General
BG = Brigadier General
Col = Colonel
Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
Maj = Major
Cpt = Captain
Lt = Lieutenant

Army of Northern Virginia

The following organization of the Army of Northern Virginia on the Peninsula was established on April 30. Prior to this organization, Confederate forces were organized ad hoc, as they arrived in theater. The divisions were grouped by their place in the Warwick Line.

Gen Joseph E. Johnston, Commanding

Maj Thomas G. Rhett, Adjutant and Chief of Staff

Staff:

Maj A. Pendleton Mason, Assistant Adjutant
Ltc Walter H. Stevens, Chief Engineer
Maj E. Porter Alexander, Chief of Ordnance
Maj Archibald H. Cole, Quartermaster
Maj Robert G. Cole, Chief Commissary
Dr. Samuel Choppin, Chief Surgeon
Lt James B. Washington, aide-de-camp

Right of Position (Army of the Peninsula)

Even after its absorption into the Army of Northern Virginia, Magruder continued to style his command the "Army of the Peninsula." It was assigned responsibility for the section of the line from the James River to Dam No. 1.

MG John B. Magruder, Commanding

Cpt Henry Bryan, Adjutant

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
McLaws' Division BG Lafayette McLaws	McLaws' Brigade BG Lafayette McLaws 5th Louisiana: Col Henry Forno 10th Louisiana: Col Mandeville DeMarigny 15th Virginia: Col Thomas P. August Noland's Virginia Battalion Williamsburg Artillery: Cpt William R. Garrett Halifax Artillery: Cpt Edward R. Young
	Griffith's Brigade BG Richard Griffith 1st Louisiana Zouave Battalion: Ltc Georges A. De Coppens 13th Mississippi: Col William Barksdale 18th Mississippi: Col Thomas M. Griffin 21st Mississippi: Col Benjamin G. Humphreys Peninsula Artillery: Cpt Joseph B. Cosnahan 1st Co., Richmond Howitzers: Cpt Edward S. McCarthy Co. A, 1st North Carolina Artillery: Cpt Basil C. Manly Pulaski Artillery: Cpt John P.W. Read Henrico Artillery: Cpt Johnson H. Sands
	Kershaw's Brigade BG Joseph B. Kershaw 2nd South Carolina: Col John D. Kennedy 3rd South Carolina: Col James D. Nance 7th South Carolina: Col Thomas G. Bacon 8th South Carolina: Col John W. Henagan Alabama Sharpshooter Battalion: Col Archibald Gracie Alexandria Artillery: Cpt Delaware Kemper
	Cobb's Brigade BG Howell Cobb 16th Georgia: Col Goode Bryan 24th Georgia: Ltc C.C. Sanders Cobb's Georgia Legion: Col T.R.R. Cobb 2nd Louisiana: Col William M. Levy 17th Mississippi: Col W.D. Holder 15th North Carolina: Col Henry A. Dowd Morris Louisa Artillery: Cpt R.C.M. Page
	Reserves 10th Georgia: Col A. Cumming
Toombs' Division BG Robert Toombs	Toombs' Brigade BG Robert Toombs 1st Georgia (Regulars): Col William J. Magill 2nd Georgia: Ltc William R. Holmes 15th Georgia: Col Thomas W. Thomas 17th Georgia: Col Henry L. Benning 38th Virginia: Col Edward C. Edmonds
Toombs' Division BG Robert Toombs	Jones' Brigade BG P.J. Semmes 7th Georgia: Col William T. Wilson 8th Georgia: Col Lucius M. Lamar 9th Georgia: Ltc John C. Mounger 11th Georgia: Ltc Theodore L. Guerry 1st Kentucky: Col Thomas H. Taylor
Forces at Wiliamsburg Col Benjamin S. Ewell 32nd Virginia (one company) 52nd Virginia Militia 68th Virginia Militia 115th Virginia Militia Old Dominion Rifles Allen's Artillery Battalion Artillery Companies B & C

Both brigades of Toombs' Division and Griffith's Brigade and Kershaw's Brigade from McLaws' Division were old Army of the Potomac units that had been transferred to reinforce the Warwick Line. Magruder had organized his army only in two very large divisions under McLaws and Rains, and several additional regional commands. Upon the arrival of Johnston, he reorganized the divisions into four brigades, two of which, Cobb's and McLaws', remained under his direct command. The reserve brigade and forces at Williamsburg are both also from the old Army of the Peninsula. The 17th Mississippi was stationed at Leesburg and the 24th Georgia in Goldsboro, until they became early reinforcements for Magruder.

Center of Position

The center was the area between Dam No. 1 and Redoubts 4 and 5 outside Yorktown

MG James Longstreet, Commanding

Cpt Moxley Sorrel, Adjutant

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
Longstreet's Division MG James Longstreet	Hill's Brigade BG A.P. Hill 1st Virginia: Col Lewis B. Williams, Jr. 7th Virginia: Col James L. Kemper 11th Virginia: Col Samuel Garland 17th Virginia: Col Montgomery D. Corse Loudoun Artillery: Cpt Arthur L. Rogers
	Anderson's Brigade BG Richard H. Anderson 4th South Carolina: Col B.E. Sloan 5th South Carolina: Col J.R.R. Giles 6th South Carolina: Col John Bratton 9th South Carolina: Col J.D. Blanding Palmetto Sharpshooters: Col Micah Jenkins Fauquier Artillery: Cpt Robert M. Stribling
	Colston's Brigade BG Raleigh E. Colston 3rd Virginia: Col Joseph Mayo 13th North Carolina: Col Alfred M. Scales 14th North Carolina: Col P.W. Roberts Donaldsonville Artillery: Cpt Victor Maurin
	Pickett's Brigade BG George Pickett 8th Virginia: Col Eppa Hunton 18th Virginia: Col Robert E. Withers 19th Virginia: Col John B. Strange 28th Virginia: Col Robert C. Allen Lynchburg Artillery: Cpt James Dearing
	Wilcox's Brigade BG Cadmus Wilcox 9th Alabama: Col Samuel Henry 10th Alabama: Col John J. Woodward 11th Alabama: Col Sydenham Moore 19th Mississippi: Col Christopher H. Mott 3rd Co., Richmond Howitzers: Cpt Robert C. Stanard
	Pryor's Brigade Col John A. Winston 8th Alabama: Ltc Thomas E. Irby 14th Alabama: Col Thomas James Judge 14th Louisiana: Col Richard W. Jones Richmond Fayette Artillery: Cpt Miles C. Macon

Colston's Brigade was the First Brigade of the Department of Norfolk, then briefly served as part of the Army of the Peninsula, before being transferred to Longstreet's command at the end of April. Pryor's Brigade was a new organization, made up of troops from the old Army of the Peninsula plus the 14th Alabama, detached from the Department of Aquia in the winter to recover from disease in Richmond. The other brigades are from the old Army of the Potomac.

Left of Position

The responsibility of the left was at Yorktown, extending to Redoubts 4 and 5. Rains' Brigade was stationed within Yorktown itself, giving him direct command over the defensive batteries present there.

MG Daniel Harvey Hill, Commanding

Cpt James W. Ratchford, Adjutant

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
Early's Division BG Jubal Early	Early's Brigade BG Jubal Early 20th Georgia: Col John B. Cumming 5th North Carolina: Col Duncan K. McRae 23rd North Carolina: Col John P. Hoke 24th Virginia: Col William R. Terry Jefferson Davis Artillery (AL): Cpt James W. Bondurant
	Rodes' Brigade BG Robert Rodes 5th Alabama: Col Christopher C. Pegues 6th Alabama: Col John B. Gordon 12th Alabama: Col Robert T. Jones 12th Mississippi: Col William H. Taylor King William Artillery: Cpt Thomas H. Carter
	Detached Col George T. Ward 2nd Florida: Col George T. Ward 2nd Mississippi Battalion: Ltc John G. Taylor
Rains' Division BG Gabriel J. Rains	Rains' Brigade BG Gabriel J. Rains 13th Alabama: Col Birkett D. Fry 26th Alabama Col Edward A. O'Neal 6th Georgia: Col Alfred H. Colquitt 23rd Georgia: Col Thomas Hutcherson "Nineteen heavy batteries"
	Featherston's Brigade BG W.S. Featherston 27th Georgia: Col Levi B. Smith 28th Georgia: Col Thomas J. Warthen 4th North Carolina: Col George B. Anderson 49th Virginia: Col William "Extra Billy" Smith
	Units on Glouscester Point Col Charles A. Crump 26th Virginia: Ltc Powhatan A. Page 46th Virginia Infantry: Ltc J. H. Richardson^[2] 9th Virginia Militia 21st Virginia Militia 61st Virginia Militia 3rd Virginia Cavalry (one company) Eastern Shore Company Mathews Light Dragoons Mathews Artillery: Cpt Andrew D. Armistead 4th Battalion, Virginia Heavy Artillery King and Queen Artillery: Cpt John R. Bagby Piedmont Battery B: Cpt Charles C. Otey Powhatan Artillery: Cpt Jordan Gloucester Artillery: Cpt Thomas B. Montague

Rains' Brigade, the reserve detachment for Early's Division, and the units at Glouscester Point were all part of the old Army of the Peninsula. Early's, Rodes', and Featherston's Brigades were from the old Army of the Potomac.

Reserve

The reserve consisted of troops from the District of Aquia, which Smith had assumed command of from Theophilus Holmes on March 23. Smith left a single brigade under Charles W. Field in the District and brought the rest to the Peninsula.

MG Gustavus W. Smith, Commanding

Cpt John W. Riely, Adjutant

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
Whiting's Division BG W.H.C. Whiting	Whiting's Brigade Col Evander M. Law 4th Alabama: Ltc Thomas J. Goldsby 2nd Mississippi: Col John Marshall Stone 11th Mississippi: Col Philip F. Liddell 6th North Carolina: Col William Dorsey Pender Staunton Artillery: Cpt William L. Balthis
	Hood's Brigade (Texas Brigade) BG John B. Hood 18th Georgia: Col William T. Wofford 1st Texas: Col Alex T. Rainey 4th Texas: Col John Marshall 5th Texas: Col James J. Archer
	Hampton's Brigade BG Wade Hampton 14th Georgia: Col Felix L. Price 19th Georgia: ? 16th North Carolina: Col C.T.N. Davis Hampton's Legion: Ltc Martin W. Gary Madison Artillery: Cpt George V. Moody
Directly commanded by Smith	Anderson's Brigade BG S.R. Anderson 1st Tennessee: Col Peter Turney 7th Tennessee: Col John F. Goodner 14th Tennessee: Col William A. Forbes Fredericksburg Artillery: Cpt Carter M. Braxton
Directly commanded by Smith	Pettigrew's Brigade BG Johnston Pettigrew 2nd Arkansas Battalion: Maj William N. Bronaugh 35th Georgia: Col E.L. Thomas 22nd North Carolina: Col Charles E. Lightfoot 47th Virginia: Col Robert M. Mayo 1st Maryland Artillery: Cpt R. Snowden Andrews

Cavalry and Artillery Reserves

Type	Brigade	Regiments and Others
Cavalry	Cavalry Brigade BG J.E.B. Stuart 1st Virginia Cavalry: Col Fitzhugh Lee 3rd Virginia Cavalry: Col Thomas F. Goode 4th Virginia Cavalry: Col Beverly Robertson Jeff Davis Legion: Ltc William T. Martin Stuart Horse Artillery: Cpt John Pelham
Artillery BG William N. Pendleton	Pendleton's Corps BG William N. Pendleton 2nd Co., Richmond Howitzers: Cpt Lorraine F. Jones Hanover Artillery: Cpt George W. Nelson Albemarle Artillery: Cpt William H. Southall James City Artillery: Cpt Lucien W. Richardson Hampton Artillery: Cpt C.L. Smith Magruder Artillery: Cpt Thomas J. Page Troup Artillery: Cpt Henry Hull Carlton
Artillery BG William N. Pendleton	Washington Artillery Battalion Col James B. Walton 1st Co.: Cpt Charles Winder Squires 2nd Co.: Cpt Thomas L. Rosser 3rd Co.: Cpt Merritt "Buck" Miller 4th Co.: Lt Joseph Norcom

Other Troops in the Department of Northern Virginia

These troops helped shape the theater for the Peninsula Campaign.

Huger's Division (Department of Norfolk)

The bulk of troops from the Department of Norfolk were formally folded into the Department of Northern Virginia at the beginning of April, but Huger continued to refer to his command by its former name.

BG Benjamin Huger, Commanding

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
Huger's Division MG Benjamin Huger	Second Brigade BG William Mahone 6th Virginia: Ltc Henry W. Williamson 12th Virginia: Col David A. Weisiger 16th Virginia: Ltc John C. Page 41st Virginia: John R. Chambliss 12th North Carolina: Col Solomon Williams Moorman's Battery: Cpt Marcellus Moorman Portsmouth Artillery: Cpt Cary Grimes
	Third Brigade BG Albert G. Blanchard 22nd Georgia: Col Robert H. Jones Norfolk Artillery: Cpt Frank Huger
	Fourth Brigade BG Lewis A. Armistead 5th Virginia Battalion: Ltc Fletcher H. Archer 53rd Virginia: Col Harrison B. Tomlin 57th Virginia: Col Elisha F. Keen
	Detached or Unbrigaded 3rd Georgia: Col Ambrose R. Wright 3rd Alabama: Col Jones M. Withers 9th Virginia: Col David J. Godwin

Huger had not completed brigading his regiments at the beginning of the campaign. Additionally, significant portions of what would become Armistead's Brigade and Blanchard's Brigade were out of theater in Richmond or North Carolina. The 12th North Carolina would be detached to join a brigade fresh from North Carolina under Lawrence O'Bryan Branch for an aborted attempt to reinforce Jackson in the Valley. They would instead be moved to outside Richmond where they would take part in the Battle of Hanover Court-House.

Aquia District

MG Gustavus W. Smith, Commanding

(absent with the Army of Northern Virginia)

Brigade	Regiments and Others
Field's Brigade BG Charles W. Field 5th Alabama Battalion 40th Virginia: Col John M. Brockenbrough 55th Virginia: Col Francis Mallory 60th Virginia: Col William E. Starke 2nd Virginia Heavy Artillery (reorganized as infantry) 3rd Virginia Heavy Artillery (Local Defense) (disbanding) Purcell's Artillery: Cpt William Pegram

Troops Around Gordonsville

Johnston had detached Ewell to maintain communication with Jackson. Ewell nominally reported to D.H. Hill, but was actually operating semi-independently. On May 17, Johnston would transfer the division to the Valley District under Jackson.

MG Richard S. Ewell

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
Ewell's Division MG Richard S. Ewell	Fourth Brigade BG Arnold Elzey 13th Virginia: Col James A. Walker 1st Maryland: Col Bradley T. Johnson Baltimore Light Artillery: Cpt John B. Brockenbrough
	Seventh Brigade BG Isaac Trimble 15th Alabama: Col James Cantey 21st Georgia: Col John T. Mercer 16th Mississippi: Col Carnot Posey 21st North Carolina: Col William W. Kirkland Richmond Artillery: Cpt Alfred R. Courtney
	Eighth Brigade BG Richard S. Taylor 6th Louisiana: Col Isaac G. Seymour 7th Louisiana: Col Harry T. Hays 8th Louisiana: Col Henry B. Kelly 9th Louisiana: Col Leroy A. Stafford 1st Louisiana Special Battalion: Maj C. Roberdeau Wheat
	Cavalry 2nd Virginia Cavalry: Col Thomas T. Munford 6th Virginia Cavalry: Ltc Thomas S. Flournoy

District of the Valley

MG Stonewall Jackson, Commanding

Maj Robert L. Dabney, Adjutant

Staff:

Lt A.S. "Sandie" Pendleton, Assistant Adjutant General
Maj Abner Smead, Inspector General
Maj Daniel Truehart, Chief of Artillery
Lt James M. Garnett, Ordnance Officer
Lt James K. Boswell, Engineer
Mr. Jedediah Hotchkiss, Topographical Engineer
Maj John A. Harmon, Quartermaster
Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chief Surgeon
Maj Wells J. Hawks, Commissary
Col William Lowther Jackson, aide-de-camp
Col Charles J. Faulkner, aide-de-camp
Lt George G. Junkin, aide-de-camp
Lt Henry Kyd Douglas, aide-de-camp

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
Jackson's Division MG Thomas J. Jackson	First Brigade (Stonewall Brigade) BG Charles S. Winder 2nd Virginia: Col James W. Allen 4th Virginia: Col Charles A. Ronald 5th Virginia: Col William S. Baylor 27th Virginia: Col Andrew J. Grigsby 33rd Virginia: Col John F. Neff Rockbridge Artillery: Cpt William T. Poague Allegheny Battery: Cpt Joseph Carpenter
	Second Brigade Col John A. Campbell 21st Virginia: Col John M. Patton 42nd Virginia: Ltc D.A. Langhorne 48th Virginia: Ltc Thomas S. Garnett 1st Virginia (Irish) Battalion: Maj John Seddon Hampden Battery: Cpt William H. Caskie West Augusta Battery: Cpt Wilfred E. Cutshaw
	Third Brigade BG William B. Taliaferro 10th Virginia: Ltc E.T.H. Warren 23rd Virginia: Col Alexander G. Taliaferro 37th Virginia: Col Samuel V. Fulkerson Danville Artillery: Cpt George W. Wooding
	Cavalry Col Turner Ashby 7th Virginia Cavalry: Col Turner Ashby Mounted Artillery: Cpt R. Preston Chew

References

Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, on the Peninsula, about April 30, 1862 The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. United States War Department. Series I, Volume XI, Chapter XXIII, pp. 479–484. (1884)
Organization of the Troops of the Department of the Peninsula, commanded by Maj. Gen. J. Bankhead Magruder, C.S. Army, January 31, 1862 The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. United States War Department. Series I, Volume IX, Chapter XIX, pp. 37. (1883)
{{cite book|last=Cozzens|first=Peter|title=Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign|year=2008|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|location=Chapel Hill|isbn=978-0-8078-3200-4|pages=623}}
{{cite book|last=Sears|first=Stephen W.|title=To the Gate of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign|year=2001|publisher=Mariner Books|isbn=0618127135|pages=512}}
{{cite book|last=Alexander|first=Edward Porter|title=Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander|year=1989|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|location=Chapel Hill|isbn=978-0-8078-4722-0|pages=72–73|editor=Gary W. Gallagher|editorlink=Gary W. Gallagher}}

1. ^Multiple commander names indicate command succession of command during the battle or the campaign.
2. ^5 coys only. The other 5 coys of the 46th Virginia had been captured at Roanoke Island. The escapees were ordered to the Peninsula on 29 March.

1 : American Civil War orders of battle

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