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词条 Petraeus scandal
释义

  1. Summary and chronology

  2. People connected to the scandal

     Major players  David Petraeus  Paula Broadwell  Jill Kelley   {{anchor|Natalie Khawam Wolfe}} Natalie Khawam   John R. Allen  Frederick W. Humphries II  Minor players  Holly Petraeus  Scott Broadwell  Scott Kelley  Grayson P. Wolfe  Kathy Allen 

  3. Reactions to the scandal

     The White House and Barack Obama  The CIA and intelligence community  The FBI and law enforcement  Congressional involvement  U.S. military  Former colleagues and acquaintances 

  4. List of key U.S. officials dealing with the scandal

  5. List of defense teams

  6. See also

  7. External links

  8. References

{{short description|Series of events centered on David Petraeus}}

The Petraeus scandal is a series of events that garnered strong media attention when an extramarital affair between retired four-star general David Petraeus, then Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and Paula Broadwell became public information. Petraeus had chosen Broadwell to be his official biographer. She co-authored The Education of General David Petraeus, his biography, when Petraeus was the International Security Assistance Force commander.[1][2] On November 9, 2012, she was reported to have been involved in the extramarital affair with Petraeus that triggered his resignation as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency when it was discovered by the FBI.[3]

Summary and chronology

According to all media reports, the case was officially initiated by FBI agent Frederick W. Humphries II after he received a complaint about cyberstalking from Jill Kelley. Humphries reported it to his superiors and then to Republican congressional leaders Dave Reichert and Eric Cantor who then reported it to Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Robert Mueller after Humphries received complaints from Kelley that she was being stalked (the stalker was eventually found to be Paula Broadwell) on the grounds that: "They seem to know the comings and goings of a couple of generals."[4] The subsequent cyber-stalking investigation by the FBI uncovered an extramarital affair between Petraeus and Broadwell. FBI agents also searched through emails that General John R. Allen exchanged with Jill Kelley.[4]

An in-depth report in Time magazine provided a chronology of some of the major events and personalities as they unfolded:[5]

  • Broadwell, now a United States Army Reserve Lieutenant Colonel, first met Petraeus at Harvard University in 2006. Petraeus attained the rank of four-star general.
  • Petraeus and Broadwell engaged in a secret extramarital affair—exactly when is not clear—after years of close contact as biographer (Broadwell) and subject (Petraeus).
  • By the time Petraeus became Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in 2011, Broadwell had been working closely with him for years. She used nicknames for him such as "Dangerous Dave" and "Peaches".
  • In May 2012, Jill Kelley filed a complaint with the FBI after receiving disturbing emails from a user identifying as "kelleypatrol". Kelley, her husband Scott, and her sister Natalie Khawam also happened to be friends of Petraeus and his wife Holly from the time Petraeus was stationed at CENTCOM in Tampa, Florida.
  • Petraeus and Broadwell used fake names to create free webmail accounts exchanging messages without encryption tools. They would share an email account, with one saving a message in the drafts folder and the other deleting it after reading it.[6][7]
  • The FBI, using electronic metadata that pinpointed the times, places and IP addresses, identified Paula Broadwell as the source of "kelleypatrol".
  • FBI and intelligence agencies noted information about high-ranking US military personnel and Petraeus and that some of the exchanges were "sexually charged".
  • From the summer of 2012, FBI Director Robert Mueller and US Attorney General Eric Holder decided to withhold information until after the U.S. presidential election on November 6. It was two months before Mueller and Holder dispatched FBI Deputy Director Sean M. Joyce to notify the Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper late on November 6 about the discovery of the affair.
  • Agents had confronted Broadwell on November 2, 2012. The report did not reach headquarters until November 5. Mueller and Holder reviewed it on November 6 (election day), and decided that it was time to inform Clapper.
  • Forensic techniques that discovered Broadwell's identity and the affair with Petraeus also uncovered almost 30,000 pages of messages between Kelley and General John R. Allen, the US commander in Afghanistan. Allen denied an affair, but officials hinted that the emails raised "questions of impropriety". Allen's nomination as NATO's Supreme Allied Commander was put on hold.
  • Media focused on the Kelley-Khawam families and found that Generals Petraeus and Allen had both intervened on behalf of Natalie Khawam (Wolfe), the twin sister of Jill (Khawam) Kelley, in a civilian child custody dispute by writing to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
  • FBI agent Humphries, who was allegedly the one who had initially taken Kelley's case to the FBI's field office in Tampa, Florida, also had a personal friendship with Kelley. Humphries repeatedly intervened to advance the case, to which he was not assigned. In late October 2012 he phoned two US Representatives, Republicans Dave Reichert and Eric Cantor, and said that he believed the US Department of Justice was covering up the case. Humphries became the subject of an ethics probe by the Office of Professional Responsibility.
  • On November 7, 2012, James R. Clapper, Director of National Intelligence, informed Thomas E. Donilon, the US National Security Advisor, about the Petraeus affair. The United States Department of Justice also informed the White House Counsel about General Allen's correspondence with Jill Kelley.
  • On November 7, 2012, Petraeus tendered his resignation as CIA chief to President Obama, per directive from James Clapper.[8]
  • On November 9, 2012, Petraeus resigned as Director of the CIA after admitting having a sexual relationship with his biographer.
  • On April 23, 2015, Petraeus pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge of mishandling classified materials. He was given a two-year probationary period and a fine of $100,000.[9]

People connected to the scandal

Major players

David Petraeus

{{main|David Petraeus}}

David Petraeus (born November 7, 1952) is an American former military officer and public official. He served as director of the Central Intelligence Agency from September 6, 2011,[10] until his resignation on November 9, 2012.[11] CIA Deputy Director Michael Morell replaced Director Petraeus in his duties, serving as Acting Director.[12] Petraeus, prior to his assuming the directorship of the CIA, was a four-star general with over 37 years' service in the United States Army.

Petraeus reportedly began an affair with Paula Broadwell, principal author of his biography, The Education of General David Petraeus, after Petraeus left his ISAF command on July 18, 2011 to become CIA director. Petraeus reportedly ended the affair in the summer of 2012, around the time that he learned that Broadwell had been sending harassing emails to a longstanding family friend of the Petraeuses, Jill Kelley.[13]

Kelley, a Lebanese American socialite and Honorary Ambassador to MacDill Air Force Base in Tampa Bay, Florida,[14] had approached an associate who worked for the FBI Tampa Field Office in the late spring about anonymous emails she considered threatening.[13] The Bureau traced the emails to Broadwell and noted that Broadwell appeared to be exchanging intimate messages with an email account belonging to Petraeus, which instigated an investigation into whether that account had been hacked into or was someone posing as Petraeus.[15]

In the wake of his resignation, Petraeus hired influential attorney Robert B. Barnett to represent him.[16] Barnett has represented many influential people including President Barack Obama[17] and has served as a practice debate opponent for many Democratic Presidential and Vice-Presidential candidates.[18]

Paula Broadwell

{{main|Paula Broadwell}}

Paula Broadwell (born November 9, 1972) is a US Army Intelligence Officer, an American writer, academic, and anti-terrorism professional.[19][20][21]

She is the co-author with Vernon Loeb of The New York Times Best Seller,[22] All In: The Education of General David Petraeus, a biography of then International Security Assistance Force commander David Petraeus.[1][23] On November 9, 2012, she was reported to have been involved in the extramarital affair with Petraeus that triggered his resignation as Director of the CIA when it was discovered by the FBI.[24]

In or about May 2012, Jill Kelley, an Honorary Ambassdor to MacDill Air Force Base in Tampa, Florida, began to receive anonymous emails which she considered to be threatening and harassing. She contacted the FBI, who traced the emails to Broadwell.[25] The emails reportedly indicated that Broadwell suspected Kelley of starting an affair with General David Petraeus, who was a friend of Kelley's.[25] Although the sending of the emails was deemed to be insufficient grounds for a criminal charge, the FBI called Broadwell in for questioning, at which time she admitted to the affair with Petraeus.[25] After Broadwell turned over her computer, classified documents were found, which led to further FBI scrutiny of her relationship with Petraeus.[25][26] Although Petraeus was not identified as the provider of the documents, the affair was revealed in early November 2012 and was cited by Petraeus as the reason for his resignation on November 9.[19][27] On November 14, 2012, Broadwell was stripped of her clearances to access classified information.[28]

As an officer in the US Army Reserve, Broadwell has been suspended pending the outcome of the FBI investigation. She has cooperated with investigators in their effort to remove classified material in her possession.[4] When the news of the scandal became public, Paula Broadwell spent time away from her husband and family secluded in Washington D.C. Her home in Charlotte, North Carolina, was searched by the FBI, all computers were removed, and some classified documents were found there. She returned home to be with her husband and children.[29] The media has taken note of how Scott and Paula Broadwell have tried to get back to normal life.[30]

Following the revelations about her relationship with Petraeus, Broadwell has retained the services of former Clinton Press Secretary Dee Dee Myers[16] with the public relations firm The Glover Park Group. The founders of The Glover Park Group have previously served as officials in the Clinton White House and on the presidential campaign of former vice president Al Gore.[31] The firm's services include public relations, advertising,[32] marketing, government relations and policy counsel, crisis management and opinion research.

Jill Kelley

{{Main|Jill Kelley}}

Jill Kelley (born Gilberte Khawam, June 3, 1975) is a Florida socialite who frequently entertained senior officers from nearby MacDill Air Force Base at her Tampa home.[33] Kelley's family is Lebanese-American Maronite Catholic. Kelley's friendships with four star Generals David Petraeus and John R. Allen led to her becoming a key figure in the government investigations into the communications of the two men.

In May 2012, Kelley contacted a local FBI investigator whom she knew, Frederick W. Humphries II, to complain about being cyberstalked. This set off a chain of events that eventually led to Petraeus's resignation on November 9, 2012. The anonymous emailer was identified as Paula Broadwell, who investigators discovered had been having an affair with Petraeus.

On November 13, 2012, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta said that General Allen's nomination for the post of Supreme Allied Commander Europe would be delayed while the investigation into Allen's extensive communications with Kelley was underway, though both Secretary Panetta and President Obama expressed their confidence in General Allen's ability to lead in his current post and noted that he has not been formally censured.[34][35]

In the wake of the scandal, Kelley is being represented by defense lawyer Abbe D. Lowell and crisis management expert Judy Smith.[16] Lowell was Chief Minority Counsel to the Democrats in the House of Representatives during the unsuccessful opposition of the impeachment of Bill Clinton in the Lewinsky scandal.[36] Smith is founder, president and CEO of Smith and Company.[37] Smith and her firm advised Monica Lewinsky.

{{anchor|Natalie Khawam Wolfe}} Natalie Khawam

Natalie Khawam (born June 3, 1975) is an attorney in Florida. Khawam holds a Law degree from Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC. She is also the identical twin sister of Jill Kelley. She was reportedly also friends with both General David Petraeus and General John R. Allen. Khawam was born in Beirut, Lebanon.[38]

According to White House sources, both Kelley and Khawam visited the White House three times from September to November 2012.[39] The visits occurred after the FBI had begun investigating allegedly threatening and jealous emails Kelley said she received over her friendship with then-CIA Director Petraeus. Khawam had a relationship with Gerald Harrington, the vice chair of finance for John Kerry's 2004 presidential campaign. Harrington is a fundraiser for the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC), the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the Democratic National Committee (DNC), and it was Harrington that gave Khawam access to events hosted by Senator John Kerry, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse and Representative Patrick J. Kennedy.[40]

John R. Allen

{{main|John R. Allen}}

John R. Allen (born December 15, 1953) is a United States Marine Corps four-star general. On July 18, 2011, Allen assumed command of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) as Commander, U.S. Forces Afghanistan (USFOR-A), succeeding Army General David Petraeus.[41] He has been appointed NATO's Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, to take office in early 2013, pending confirmation by the United States Senate.[42] On November 13, 2012, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta said that Allen's nomination for SACEUR would be "delayed." News agencies reported that Allen's communications with Jill Kelley, a Tampa woman who was friends with Allen's predecessor as top commander in Afghanistan, David Petraeus, were under investigation. Petraeus had resigned as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency four days earlier.[43]

In November 2012, Allen became embroiled in an inappropriate communication investigation concerning his correspondences with Jill Kelley.[44] According to the FBI, Allen had received anonymous e-mail messages, sent by someone identified as "kelleypatrol" (later found to be Paula Broadwell) advising him to stay away from Jill Kelley. Allen forwarded it to Kelley and they discussed a concern that someone was cyberstalking them.[4]

In response to the investigation, Secretary Panetta moved to speed the nomination of General Joseph Dunford to command of forces in Afghanistan.[45]

As a result of his name emerging as part of the scandal, Allen is reported as being represented by military spokesmen as well as military defense lawyers from the chief defense counsel of the Marine Corps.[16] The United States Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division is the United States Marine Corps's legal arm, and is subordinate to the Judge Advocate General of the Navy. The head of the Division is the Staff Judge Advocate (SJA) to the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC). Military attorneys (or judge advocates) in the Marine Corps work under the supervision of the SJA to the CMC to advise Marine commanders regarding legal issues. Colonel John G. Baker, the chief defense counsel of the Marine Corps has been speaking for Allen.[4]

On January 22, 2013, General Allen was cleared in a misconduct inquiry.[46]

Frederick W. Humphries II

Frederick Ward Humphries II (born 1965), the FBI agent who started the investigation, was a friend of Jill Kelley.[47]

Humphries had pursued Kelley’s cyberstalking complaint after he had reported it, even though he was not assigned to the case. He was admonished by supervisors who thought he was trying to improperly insert himself into the investigation when in late October 2012, fearing that the case was being stalled, he contacted Representative Dave Reichert, a Republican from Washington State, where Humphries had once been stationed, to inform him of the case. Reichert put him in touch with the House majority leader, Eric Cantor, who passed the message to FBI Director Robert Mueller.[4]

Humphries was later barred from taking part in the investigation over concerns that he had become "obsessed" with the case. Officials discovered that he had once sent a shirtless photo of himself posing with dummies at a shooting range to Kelley, although Humphries later told The Seattle Times that dozens of other friends and acquaintances had also received the photo in a "joking" email sent in the fall of 2010, soon after Humphries had transferred to Tampa from Guantánamo Bay.[48]

In November 2012 Humphries remained under investigation by the Office of Professional Responsibility, the internal-affairs arm of the United States Department of Justice.[49][50]

Humphries, a University of Tampa graduate, has had a notable FBI career. In December 1999, his familiarity with the French language allowed him to recognize the Algerian accented French of Ahmed Ressam. Skeptical of Ressam's claim to be French Canadian, Humphries had Ressam detained. The Algerian-born Ressam was later found guilty of conspiring to attack Los Angeles International Airport.[51] The trial judge in the Ressam case, John C. Coughenour, praised Humphries' work and integrity. In May 2010 Humphries killed a retired Army Ranger at the MacDill Air Force Base main gate after the retiree brandished a knife and was said to have threatened the lives of base security officials and Humphries. The fatal shooting was later deemed to be justified.[48]

Humphries is being represented by Lawrence Berger, the general counsel for the Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association.[52] Berger has stated that: "Humphries only received the information from Ms. Kelley and never played a role in the investigation...Humphries and his wife had been 'social friends with Ms. Kelley and her husband prior to the day she referred the matter to him.' 'They always socialized and corresponded,'...That picture was sent years before Ms. Kelley contacted him about this."[4]

Minor players

Holly Petraeus

Holly Petraeus is the wife of David Petraeus. She is the assistant director of service-member affairs at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.[53]

Scott Broadwell

Dr. Scott Broadwell is the husband of Paula Broadwell. He is a radiologist in Charlotte, North Carolina.[53] Scott Broadwell and his future wife Paula Kranz met in 2000 when they were both active duty US Army captains. He was then a physician and commander of the Mannheim military clinic in Germany. Paula Kranz was in military intelligence. They were married in Heidelberg Castle with Lt. Col. Ronald Leininger, a Protestant Army chaplain officiating.[30]

Scott Kelley

{{Redirect-distinguish2|Scott Kelley|the astronaut, the musician, or the politician, all named Scott Kelly}}

Dr. Scott Kelley is the husband of Jill Kelley. He is an oncology surgeon in Tampa, Florida.[53] Scott and Jill Kelley hosted social events attended by David and Holly Petraeus, becoming their friends.

Grayson P. Wolfe

Grayson Wolfe is the ex-husband of Natalie Khawam. Wolfe is an attorney and is a partner at Akkadian Private Ventures.[54] He previously served as director of Broader Middle East Initiatives and Iraqi Reconstruction, and in 2002 he was appointed by President George W. Bush as a special assistant at the Export-Import Bank of the United States. In 2004 Wolfe served as manager of private sector development office of the Coalition Provisional Authority in Baghdad, Iraq responsible for implementing initiatives to attract investment and financing to Iraqi companies.[54]

Kathy Allen

Kathy (Katherine Glickert) Allen (born February 16, 1954) is the wife of General John R. Allen. They have two adult daughters, singer Bobbie Allen and Betty Allen Wightman. According to some reports Kathy Allen was supposedly good friends with Jill Kelley.[55] However, the UK Daily Mail reported that Kathy Allen was unhappy about the close friendship between her husband and Jill Kelley and complained to the wife of the civil liaison officer at Central Command in Tampa concerning the emails her husband was receiving from Mrs. Kelley. Officials probing the links between General Allen and Jill Kelley claimed that there are between 20,000 and 30,000 pages that were examined by investigators and that the content of the emails were so explicit that they amounted to "phone sex".[56]

Reactions to the scandal

The White House and Barack Obama

After being briefed on November 8, President Obama summoned Petraeus to the White House, where Petraeus offered his resignation.[57] After taking some time to consider, Obama chose not to suspend Petraeus but accepted the resignation on November 9.[58][59][60] Petraeus cited the affair when announcing that same day that he would be resigning as CIA Director.[61]

In the days following Obama's re-election in November 2012, he had to face the ramifications of the Petraeus scandal. Media reported that angry congressional leaders were demanding answers about the Petraeus affair and "why they were given zero advance notice of the spymaster’s lively love life."[62] An article in TIME probed "The Petraeus Affair: Why Was Obama Kept in the Dark?"[63]

The CIA and intelligence community

Although US Attorney General Eric Holder was aware early on that the FBI had discovered an affair,[64] it was not until November 6, 2012, that Petraeus' nominal superior, Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper, was advised. The same evening that Clapper was informed, Clapper called Petraeus and urged him to resign. Clapper notified the White House the next day, November 7.

The FBI and law enforcement

Officials say the FBI knew of Petraeus' affair in the summer of 2012.[65][66] According to an Associated Press report, rather than sending emails to each other's inbox which would have left a more obvious email trail, messages were left in a draft folder which were then read when the other person logged into the same account.[67]

Congressional involvement

Although the Tampa FBI agent familiar with Kelley, Fred Humphries, was not put on the case as he was not part of the cybersquad, the agent was said to have become obsessed with the investigation. After being instructed by his superiors to steer clear of the case, Humphries reportedly became convinced that the investigation had been stalled because of a politically motivated desire to protect U.S. President Barack Obama.[68] The agent then contacted Republican Congressman Dave Reichert,[69] and was able to relay information to House Majority Leader Eric Cantor. Cantor's office raised the matter with FBI Director Robert Mueller on October 31.[68][69]

After news of the affair between Petraeus and Broadwell broke, several members of Congress stated that they felt they should have been informed about the FBI investigation earlier.

U.S. military

On November 13, it emerged that Kelley had a connection to General John R. Allen, Petraeus' successor as top commander in Afghanistan. Defense Secretary Panetta, Petraeus' predecessor at the CIA, said that Allen's nomination for Supreme Allied Commander Europe would be "delayed." News agencies reported that Allen's communications with Kelley were under investigation.[43]

Former colleagues and acquaintances

James Marks, a retired General and CNN military analyst thinks the scandal is mainly a personal tragedy for the involved parties. Broadwell worked for Marks and therefore, unlike many others, Marks was not surprised that Broadwell was able to gain access to Petraeus' inner circle. Petraeus had tested Broadwell by going on a long run, a test Broadwell was able to pass, eventually leading Petraeus to let his guard down. On a security level, Marks saw no significant problems. As to the motives for Petraeus to get involved in the relationship, Marks feels that the departure from the military may have played a role.[70]

Peter Mansoor, retired colonel, executive officer and friend to Petraeus, in an interview discussed his view and Petraeus' reaction to the scandal.[60] Mansoor recalled that during their first meeting Broadwell struck him as confident, physically fit, and ambitious. However, he was also surprised that Petraeus let Broadwell into his inner circle despite existing rules of no embeds and personality profiling. He later said that Petraeus told him that he "screwed up big time". Mansoor speculates that Petraeus may have stayed at the CIA had the scandal not come out.

Jack Keane, a former general who supported Petraeus during his takeover as commander of the allied forces in Iraq, expressed sadness over the situation. He felt that the accomplishments of Petraeus would be forgotten.[71]

List of key U.S. officials dealing with the scandal

{{expand list|date=December 2012}}
  • FBI Special Agent Frederick Humphries II
  • FBI Director Robert Mueller
  • Attorney General Eric Holder
  • FBI Deputy Director Sean M. Joyce
  • Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper
  • Representative Dave Reichert
  • Former Representative Eric Cantor
  • National Security Advisor Thomas E. Donilon
  • Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta
  • U.S. President Barack Obama

List of defense teams

{{expand list|date=December 2012}}
  • Robert B. Barnett representing David Petraeus.[16]
  • Dee Dee Myers and The Glover Park Group representing Paula Broadwell.[16]
  • Abbe D. Lowell representing Jill Kelley.[16]
  • Gloria Allred representing Natalie Khawam Wolfe.[16]
  • John G. Baker, chief defense counsel of the Marine Corps[4] and the Defense counsel of the Marine Corps representing John R. Allen.[16]
  • Lawrence Berger, general counsel for the Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association representing Frederick Humphries II.[4]

See also

  • Cyberstalking
  • Honor code
  • Lewinsky scandal
  • List of federal political scandals in the United States
  • Political scandal
  • Sex scandal

External links

  • FBI file on the Petraeus investigation at the Internet Archive

References

1. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Stein|first=Jeff|title=Covert Affairs: A short history of spies and their sex scandals.|journal=Foreign Affairs|date=November 10, 2012|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/09/covert_affairs|accessdate=November 11, 2012}}
2. ^{{cite news |title=General David Petraeus's Leadership and Legacy|url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2012/02/17/general-david-petraeuss-leadership-and-legacy-2|work=U.S. News & World Report |date=February 17, 2012| author =Morella, Michael}}
3. ^{{cite news |title = Petraeus Resigns Over Affair With Biographer|first = Fred|last = Kaplan|authorlink = Fred Kaplan (journalist)|url = http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2012/11/09/petraeus_resigns_over_affair_with_biographer.html|work=Slate|date = November 8, 2012|accessdate = November 8, 2012|quote = The woman with whom Gen. David Petraeus was having an affair is Paula Broadwell, the author of a recent hagiographic book about him, All In: The Education of General David Petraeus.}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news|last=Michael S. Schmidt, Scott Shane and Alain Delaqueriere|title=Veteran F.B.I. Agent Helped Start Petraeus E-Mail Inquiry|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/15/us/frederick-humphries-fbi-agent-in-petraeus-case.html|accessdate=12 December 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 14, 2012}}
5. ^{{cite news|last=Barton Gellman, with reporting by Massimo Calabresi, Jay Newton-Small, Alex Rogers, Michael Scherer and Mark Thompson|title=Nation: National Security: Spyfall|url=http://swampland.time.com/2012/11/15/spyfall/|accessdate=November 20, 2012|newspaper=Time magazine (November 26, 2012 {{!}} Vol. 180 No. 22. Pages 24 – 30)|date=November 15, 2012}}
6. ^{{cite web |last1=Fisher |first1=Max |title=Here’s the e-mail trick Petraeus and Broadwell used to communicate |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2012/11/12/heres-the-e-mail-trick-petraeus-and-broadwell-used-to-communicate/ |website=Washington Post |accessdate=15 June 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201131353/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2012/11/12/heres-the-e-mail-trick-petraeus-and-broadwell-used-to-communicate/ |archivedate=1 February 2016 |date=12 November 2012}}
7. ^{{cite web |author1=Pete Yost |author2=Kimberly Dozier |title=Petraeus said to be shocked by girlfriend's emails |url=http://m.apnews.com/ap/db_289563/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=VOlvNjF4 |website=AP News |publisher=The Associated Press |accessdate=15 June 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113030944/http://m.apnews.com/ap/db_289563/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=VOlvNjF4 |archivedate=13 November 2012}}
8. ^CBS News, 2012-11-11
9. ^{{cite news |last=Goldman |first=Adam |date=2015-04-15 |title=Petraeus pleads guilty to mishandling classified material, will face probation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/petraeus-set-to-plead-guilty-to-mishandling-classified-materials/2015/04/22/3e6dbf20-e8f5-11e4-aae1-d642717d8afa_story.html |newspaper=Washington Post |location= |access-date=2016-01-24}}
10. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/us/2011/09/06/petraeus-sworn-into-cia.cnn?iref=allsearch |title=Petraeus sworn in as CIA director |publisher=CNN |accessdate=September 7, 2011}}
11. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/11/09/david-petraeus-cia-resign-nbc/1695271/ |title=David Petraeus resigns from CIA |work=USA Today |accessdate=November 9, 2012 |first1=Kevin |last1=Johnson |date=November 9, 2012}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/11/09/source-cia-director-david-petraeus-submits-resignation-over-extra-marital-affair/ |title=CIA director David Petraeus resigns over extramarital affair |publisher=CNN |date=November 9, 2012 |accessdate=November 9, 2012}}
13. ^1 [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/petraeus-told-biographer-to-stop-harassing-family-friend-officials-say/2012/11/12/6ccb325c-2d00-11e2-a99d-5c4203af7b7a_story.html Petraeus told biographer to stop harassing family friend, officials say] The Washington Post November 12, 2012
14. ^{{cite news|title=Official IDs Tampa woman who sparked Petraeus inquiry |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/11/11/petraeus-jill-kelley-scandal/1698203/ | work=USA Today | date=November 11, 2012}}
15. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/12/us/us-officials-say-petraeuss-affair-known-in-summer.html Scott Shane and Charlie Savage]
16. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news|last=Shane|first=Scott|title=Second Act of a Scandal: Cue the Superlawyers and the Spinmasters|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/21/us/act-ii-of-a-scandal-cue-the-superlawyers-and-the-spinmasters.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1355047637-r3iWW6kOm8Xtl6Cw7MenEQ|accessdate=9 December 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 20, 2012}}
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19. ^1 Shear, Michael, D. (November 9, 2012). [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/10/us/linked-to-petraeus-paula-broadwell-is-lifelong-high-achiever.html?hp "Woman Linked to Petraeus Is a West Point Graduate and Lifelong High Achiever."] The New York Times
20. ^{{cite web|title=Paula Broadwell (MA ’06)|url=http://alumni.du.edu/s/1150/images/editor_documents/alumni_relations/alumni_symposium/paula_broadwell_bio.pdf|work=Alumni Relations|publisher=University of Denver|accessdate=November 11, 2012}}
21. ^{{cite news|last=Rothacker, Rick|title=Petraeus relationship leads to book, scandal for Broadwell|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-cia-petraeus-broadwellbre8aa022-20121110,0,7916034.story|accessdate=November 18, 2012|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=November 11, 2012}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Bestsellers February 26, 2012|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2012-02-26/hardcover-nonfiction/list.html|accessdate=November 11, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 26, 2012|first=Gregory|last=Cowles}}
23. ^{{cite news |title=General David Petraeus's Leadership and Legacy|url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2012/02/17/general-david-petraeuss-leadership-and-legacy-2|work=U.S. News & World Report |date=February 17, 2012| author =Morella, Michael}}
24. ^{{cite news |title = Petraeus Resigns Over Affair With Biographer|first = Fred|last = Kaplan|authorlink = Fred Kaplan (journalist)|url = http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2012/11/09/petraeus_resigns_over_affair_with_biographer.html|work=Slate|date = November 8, 2012|accessdate = November 8, 2012|quote = The woman with whom Gen. David Petraeus was having an affair is Paula Broadwell, the author of a recent hagiographic book about him, All In: The Education of General David Petraeus.}}
25. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last=Horwitz|first=Sari|title=FBI probe of Petraeus triggered by e-mail threats from biographer, officials say|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-probe-of-petraeus-triggered-by-e-mail-threats-from-biographer-officials-say/2012/11/10/d2fc52de-2b68-11e2-bab2-eda299503684_story.html|accessdate=November 11, 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=November 10, 2012}}
26. ^[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324073504578113460852395852 FBI Scrutinized on Petraeus: Complaints by Female Social Planner Led to Email Trail That Undid CIA Chief] The Wall Street Journal November 11, 2012
27. ^{{cite news|last=Stenovec|first=Timothy|title=Paula Broadwell, David Petraeus Biographer, Reportedly Woman Involved In CIA Director's Affair|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/09/paula-broadwell-david-petraeus-affair_n_2104427.html|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=November 10, 2012|date=November 9, 2012}}
28. ^{{cite news|author1=Thomas, Peirre |author2=Raddatz, Martha |title=Paula Broadwell Stripped of Secret Clearance Amid Petraeus Scandal|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/paula-broadwell-stripped-secret-clearance-amid-petraeus-scandal/story?id=17714560|accessdate=November 18, 2012|publisher=ABC News|date=November 14, 2012}}
29. ^{{cite news|author1=Cleve R. Wootson Jr.|author2=Elisabeth Arriero|lastauthoramp=yes|title=Paula Broadwell's Charlotte home is searched by FBI for 4 hours|url=http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2012/11/13/3660825/paula-broadwell-home-fbi-search.html|accessdate=7 December 2012|newspaper=The Charlotte Observer|date=November 13, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130119003650/http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2012/11/13/3660825/paula-broadwell-home-fbi-search.html|archivedate=19 January 2013|df=}}
30. ^1 {{cite news|last=Daly|first=Michael|title=Scott Broadwell Proves to Be a Class Act in the Wake of His Wife’s Affair|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/11/21/scott-broadwell-proves-to-be-a-class-act-in-the-wake-of-his-wife-s-affair.html|accessdate=7 December 2012|newspaper=The Daily Beast|date=November 21, 2012}}
31. ^{{cite news |title=Glover Park Acquired By WPP |first=Arun |last=Sudhaman |url=http://www.holmesreport.com/news-info/11201/Glover-Park-Acquired-By-WPP.aspx |work=The Holmes Report |date=29 November 2011 |accessdate=6 December 2011}}
32. ^{{cite news |title=Lobbyists Take Leave to Advise Kerry Campaign |first=Jeffrey H. |last=Birnbaum |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A3731-2004Sep7.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=8 September 2004 |page=E01}}
33. ^Petraeus friend Jill Kelley found place hosting military parties Tampa Bay Times November 13, 2012
34. ^Elisabeth Bumiller, [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/14/us/top-us-commander-in-afghanistan-is-linked-to-petraeus-scandal.html Top U.S. Commander in Afghanistan Is Linked to Petraeus Scandal] The New York Times November 13, 2012
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.msn.com/politics/petraeus-mistress-had-substantial-classified-data-sources |title=Petraeus mistress had 'substantial' classified data: sources |publisher=News.msn.com |date=September 11, 2012 |accessdate=November 15, 2012}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/apr2005/nf20050422_3717_db052.htm |title=A Talk with Jack Abramoff's Attorney |publisher=Businessweek.com |date=2005-04-22 |accessdate=2012-05-19}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=Smith & Company | url = http://www.smithandcompany.com/|accessdate=9 May 2012}}
38. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/lala-na-cia-scandal-20121115,0,5234898.story |title=Jill Kelley, key figure in David Petraeus scandal, led lavish life - Los Angeles Times |publisher=Latimes.com |date=2012-11-14 |accessdate=2013-07-03 |first1=Shashank |last1=Bengali |first2=David S. |last2=Cloud |first3=Joseph |last3=Tanfani}}
39. ^{{cite news|author1=James Nye |author2=Snejana Farberov |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Revealed: White House lawyer gave Jill Kelley access to President's home THREE times (and Paula Broadwell's been there twice as well) {{!}} |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2234433/Petraeus-scandal-The-White-House-lawyer-took-Jill-Kelley-1600-Pennsylvania-Avenue-THREE-times.html|accessdate=10 December 2012|newspaper=Daily Mail – Mail Online|date=17 November 2012|location=London}}
40. ^{{cite news|last=Attkisson|first=Sharyl|title=Beyond two generals: The political ties of Jill Kelley and her sister|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57551233/beyond-two-generals-the-political-ties-of-jill-kelley-and-her-sister/|accessdate=16 November 2012|newspaper=CBS News|date=November 16, 2012}}
41. ^{{cite web|title=General John R. Allen Assumes Command of ISAF|url=http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/general-john-r.-allen-assumes-command-of-isaf.html|work=isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/index.php|publisher=ISAF Headquarters Public Affairs|accessdate=July 18, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315045607/http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/general-john-r.-allen-assumes-command-of-isaf.html|archivedate=March 15, 2012|df=}}
42. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19900074 BBC News]
43. ^1 [https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/13/us-usa-petraeus-investigation-idUSBRE8AC05Z20121113 Top U.S. commander in Afghanistan under investigation, scandal widens] Reuters September 13, 2012
44. ^The Telegraph (London), [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9674163/Gen-John-Allen-investigated-for-inappropriate-communications-to-Jill-Kelley.html "Gen John Allen investigated for 'inappropriate communications' to Jill Kelley"], Hannah Furness, 8:01 am GMT November 13, 2012
45. ^BBC News, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20308225 "David Petraeus CIA scandal engulfs US Gen John Allen"], November 13, 2012 Last updated at 05:26 ET
46. ^{{cite news|title=Gen. John Allen cleared in misconduct inquiry|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/gen-john-allen-cleared-in-misconduct-inquiry/2013/01/22/479c776a-64dd-11e2-9e1b-07db1d2ccd5b_story.html|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=22 January 2013|first=Rajiv|last=Chandrasekaran|date=January 23, 2013}}
47. ^ "FBI agent linked to Petraeus scandal identified as Frederick Humphries," CBS News, November 14, 2012
48. ^1 Mike Carter, Mystery FBI agent in Petraeus scandal revealed Seattle Times November 14, 2010
49. ^{{cite news|author1=Barrett, Devlin |author2=Perez, Evan |author3=Gorman, Siobhan |title=FBI Agent in Petraeus Case Under Scrutiny|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324439804578115410189757452|accessdate=November 13, 2012|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=November 13, 2012}}
50. ^{{cite news|last=Rothacker|first=Rick|title=Three women intertwine in downfall of David Petraeus|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/13/us-usa-petraeus-women-idUSBRE8AC04Y20121113|accessdate=November 13, 2012|agency=Reuters|date=November 12, 2012}}
51. ^Hal Bernton, Mike Carter, David Heath and James Neff, Chapter 13: On the Case {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118223538/http://seattletimes.com/news/nation-world/terroristwithin/chapter13.html |date=2012-11-18 }} The Seattle Times June 23 – July 7, 2002
52. ^{{cite web|last=F.L.E.O.A.|title=Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association|url=http://www.fleoa.org/|publisher=fleoa.org|accessdate=12 December 2012}}
53. ^1 2 {{cite news|author1=Donna Leinwand Leger |author2=Tom Vanden Brook |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Tampa's social scene: Kelleys' lavish life hid troubles|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/11/14/kelley-petraeus-broadwell-allen/1705389/|accessdate=November 15, 2012|newspaper=USA Today|date=November 14, 2012}}
54. ^1 {{cite web|title=Akkadian Private Ventures: Management|url=http://www.akkadianpv.com/readsenior.php?id=5|publisher=Akkadian Private Ventures – official website|accessdate=November 15, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115033951/http://akkadianpv.com/readsenior.php?id=5|archivedate=November 15, 2012|df=}}
55. ^{{cite news|last=Staff Reporter|title=Kathy Allen is General John Allen’s Wife|url=http://showbizdaily.net/celebrity-bio/kathy-allen-is-general-john-allens-wife/|accessdate=7 December 2012|newspaper=Showbiz Daily|date=November 13, 2012}}
56. ^{{cite news|author1=Paul Thompson |author2=Louise Boyle |lastauthoramp=yes |title='Who the hell is this woman?' Army chief reveals how he confronted socialite Jill Kelley over 'flirtatious' emails as her weary husband finally breaks cover|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2233398/Petraeus-scandal-Jill-Kelleys-husband-Dr-Scott-Kelley-goes-work-Florida.html|accessdate=7 December 2012|newspaper=Daily Mail Online|date=15 November 2012|location=London}}
57. ^Sari Horwitz and Greg Miller, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-probe-of-petraeus-triggered-by-e-mail-threats-from-biographer-officials-say/2012/11/10/d2fc52de-2b68-11e2-bab2-eda299503684_story_2.html FBI probe of Petraeus triggered by e-mail threats from biographer, officials say] The Washington Post November 11, 2012
58. ^{{cite news|title=Revealed: CIA boss David Petraeus forced to quit after an FBI investigation uncovered his extra-marital affair|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2230697/David-Petraeus-resigns-head-CIA.html|accessdate=November 9, 2012|newspaper=Daily Mail|date=November 9, 2012|author=Gye, Hugo|author2=Nye, James|location=London}}
59. ^CIA director David Petraeus resigns over extramarital affair CNN, November 9, 2012
60. ^1   CNN, November 14, 2012
61. ^{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/CIA-chief-David-Petraeus-resignation-over-extramarital-affair-shocks-Washington/articleshow/17171843.cms|title=CIA chief David Petraeus' resignation over extramarital affair shocks Washington |accessdate=November 10, 2012 | work=The Times Of India}}
62. ^{{cite news|author1=Siemaszko, Corky |author2=Siemaszko, Jennifer H. |author3=Connor, Tracy |title=Heat's on President Obama as collateral damage from Gen. David Petraeus’ two-timing hits Gen. John Allen|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/heat-president-obama-four-star-fiasco-article-1.1201717|accessdate=November 14, 2012|newspaper=Daily News |location=New York|date=November 14, 2012}}
63. ^{{cite news|last=Calabresi|first=Massimo|title=The Petraeus Affair: Why Was Obama Kept in the Dark?|url=http://swampland.time.com/2012/11/14/the-mukasey-memo/?xid=gonewsedit&google_editors_picks=true|accessdate=November 14, 2012|newspaper=Time|date=November 14, 2012}}
64. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/11/12/holder-notified-petraeus-probe-in-late-summer/ |title=Holder notified of Petraeus probe in late summer – did he tell anyone? |publisher=Fox News |accessdate=November 14, 2012 |date=November 12, 2012}}
65. ^Petraeus resigns after affair with biographer turned up in FBI probe, Fox News confirms FOX News, November 9, 2012
66. ^Petraeus' biographer Paula Broadwell under FBI investigation over access to his email, law enforcement officials say NBC News, November 9, 2012
67. ^Kimberly Dozier and Pete Yost, Petraeus shocked to hear of emails, associates say Associated Press November 12, 2012
68. ^1 Scott Shane and Charlie Savage, [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/13/us/timeline-shows-fbi-discovered-petraeus-affair-in-summer.html Motives Questioned in F.B.I. Inquiry of Petraeus E-Mails] The New York Times November 12, 2012
69. ^1 [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324439804578115410189757452 FBI Agent in Petraeus Case Under Scrutiny] The Wall Street Journal November 12, 2012
70. ^{{cite news|last=Bergen|first=Peter|title=Tough choice for Obama on Petraeus' successor|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/13/opinion/bergen-petraeus-replacement/index.html?hpt=hp_t1|accessdate=10 December 2012|newspaper=CNN|date=November 15, 2012}}
71. ^{{cite news|last=Lake|first=Eli|title=Gen. David Petraeus’s Resignation Fuels Conspiracy Theories|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/11/09/gen-david-petraeus-s-resignation-fuels-conspiracy-theories.html|accessdate=10 December 2012|newspaper=The Daily Beast|date=November 9, 2012}}

4 : Petraeus scandal|Political sex scandals in the United States|2012 in the United States|2012 scandals
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