| 词条 | Strelitzia | |||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|image = Strelitzia_larger.jpg |taxon = Strelitzia |authority = Ait. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = #Species and hybrids }}Strelitzia {{IPAc-en|s|t|r|ɛ|ˈ|l|ɪ|t|s|i|ə}}[1] is a genus of five species of perennial plants, native to South Africa. It belongs to the plant family Strelitziaceae.[2] The genus is named after the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, birthplace of Queen Charlotte of the United Kingdom. A common name of the genus is bird of paradise flower / plant, because of a resemblance of its flowers to birds-of-paradise. In South Africa it is commonly known as a crane flower and is featured on the reverse of the 50 cent coin. It is the floral emblem of the City of Los Angeles; two of the species, Strelitzia nicolai and Strelitzia reginae, are frequently grown as house plants.[3] DescriptionThe species S. nicolai is the largest in the genus, reaching 10 m tall, with stately white and blue flowers;[4] the other species typically reach 2 to 3.5 m tall, except S. caudata which is a tree of a typically smaller size than S. nicolai. The leaves are large, 30–200 cm long and 10–80 cm broad, similar to a banana leaf in appearance but with a longer petiole, and arranged strictly in two ranks to form a fan-like crown of evergreen foliage. The flowers are produced in a horizontal inflorescence emerging from a stout spathe. Biology and propagationThey are pollinated by sunbirds, which use the spathe as a perch when visiting the flowers. The weight of the bird when standing on the spathe opens it to release the pollen onto the bird's feet, which is then deposited on the next flower it visits. Strelitzia lack natural insect pollinators; in areas without sunbirds, plants in this genus generally need hand pollination in order to successfully set seed.[5] Species and hybrids
Allergenic potentialPlants in the genus Strelitzia produce no windborne pollen, and have an OPALS allergy scale rating of 1 (considered "allergy-fighting").[5] References{{Commons category|Strelitzia}}1. ^Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607, Sunset Books {{Taxonbar|from=Q147888}}2. ^{{cite web|title=Tropical Flower Guide|url=http://tropicalflowerguide.com/bird-of-paradise-tropical-flowers.html|accessdate=30 November 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Our House Plants - Bird of Paradise |url=http://www.ourhouseplants.com/plants/strelitzia |accessdate=18 July 2014}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |last=Eliovson |first=Sima |title=Shrubs, trees, and climbers |publisher=Macmillan South Africa |year=1981 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Yg_AAAAYAAJ&dq=strelitzia+nicolai |accessdate=2009-09-12 |isbn=0-86954-011-4}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Ogren |first1=Thomas |title=The Allergy-Fighting Garden |date=2015 |publisher=Ten Speed Press |location=Berkeley, CA |isbn=978-1-60774-491-7 |page=200}} 6. ^Strelitzia juncae, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2 : Strelitziaceae|Zingiberales genera |
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