| 词条 | Stronsay |
| 释义 |
|Image=Whitehall village from the air - geograph.org.uk - 224605.jpg |ImageCaption= An aerial view of Whitehall, with Grice Ness at the end of Stronsay's north-eastern peninsula |location_map = Scotland Orkney |caption=Stronsay shown within Orkney |coordinates = {{coord|59.1|-2.6|display=inline}} |GridReference=HY669239 |celtic name= |norse name=Strjónsey |meaning of name= Old Norse for "good fishing and farming island"[1][2] |area= {{convert|3275|ha|sqmi|0}} |area rank=27 |highest elevation= Burgh Hill {{convert|44|m|ft|0}} |Population=349[3] |population rank=26 |population density =10.7 people/km2[1][3] |main settlement=Whitehall |island group=Orkney |local authority=Orkney Islands |references=[4][5][6] }} Stronsay is an island in Orkney, Scotland. It is known as Orkney's 'Island of Bays', owing to an irregular shape with miles of coastline, with three large bays separated by two isthmuses: St Catherine's Bay to the west, the Bay of Holland to the south and Mill Bay to the east. Stronsay is {{convert|3,275|ha|sqmi|0|abbr=off}} in area, and {{convert|44|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} in altitude at its highest point. It has a usually resident population of 349. The main village is Whitehall, home to a heritage centre. Sights on the island include the Vat of Kirbister, a natural arch described as the "finest in Orkney",[1] white sand beaches in the three bays, and various seabirds amongst which are Arctic terns. Geography and geologyAs with most of Orkney, Stronsay is made up of Old Red Sandstone which has produced a fine soil in many places.[1] It is generally low-lying. On the eastern coast, spectacular rock formations include the Vat of Kirbister – Stronsay's famous natural rock arch, often described as the finest in Orkney. The coast around Odiness Bay features numerous dramatic geos, caves, flagstone rock platforms and sea stacks, including Tam’s Castle, reputed to have once housed a hermitage on its flat summit. Stronsay is the seventh largest of the Orkney Islands. Surrounding small islands include Linga Holm, Papa Stronsay, the Holm of Huip (named after a district in north west Stronsay) and the Holms of Spurness. To the north is Sanday, to the north west Eday, to the south west Shapinsay and Mainland Orkney, and the islet of Auskerry due south. HistoryPrehistoryTwo flint arrowheads discovered at a site investigated by Orkney College in April 2007 are believed to date from the late Paleolithic or early Mesolithic periods some 10-12,000 years ago. They were found amongst a scattered collection of other tools on a farm. If confirmed, they could be the earliest human artifacts found in Scotland.[7] 18th and 19th centuriesThe island is now agricultural, but during the 18th and 19th centuries, kelp collection and herring curing employed up to 5000 people. The population was over 1000 for the entire 19th century and until the mid-20th century, with the 1891 census recording a population of 1275, excluding seasonal itinerants involved in the herring industry.[1] The kelp burning industry was started by James Fea of Whitehall in 1727,[1] and thrived during the remainder of the 18th century, lasting into the early 19th century; some of the kiln ruins can still be seen. The Stronsay beast was a mysterious, decomposing corpse of a sea creature that was stranded in 1808. The carcass is said to have measured {{convert|55|ft|m|1}} long, with the "neck" 15 feet and the circumference of the body 10 feet.[8] The corpse created a great stir, with some proclaiming it a sea serpent, but others have claimed it was a decayed basking shark. Present dayThe usual resident population of the island in 2011 was 349,[3] compared to 342 in 2001.[9] The island is mainly agricultural with farming and fishing the main industries. Efforts are being made by the community to develop the economy by improving tourism infrastructure. Much of the settlement is strung out along the island's main road, but the main population centre is Whitehall village, in the north of the island, with a row of seafront houses and two piers, a link to the village's foundation as a herring fishing station in the 19th century. There is a variety of accommodation in Whitehall, including the Stronsay Hotel, Storehouse B&B and FishMart hostel. Orkney Ferries sail from Whitehall to Kirkwall on the Orkney Mainland, and planes fly there from the island's airstrip, also in the north of the island. Whitehall overlooks the separate island of Papa Stronsay, across the blue waters of Papa Sound. A prominent feature of the smaller island is the monastery complex of the Transalpine Redemptorist monks who live there. Visitors are welcome and the monks can help arrange boat trips. The island's school is well-resourced and caters for nursery, primary and secondary pupils. Moncur Memorial Church is the Church of Scotland centre of worship on Stronsay and there is a Catholic chapel in Whitehall, which is part of the Diocese of Aberdeen.[10] There is a thriving craft community, with several specialised craft shops. WildlifeWhile the landscape has very few trees, the fertile soil supports a wide variety of wild flowers including oysterplant, frog orchids, adder's tongue, and also a naturalised population of Patagonian ragwort.[1] There are a wide variety of birds on the island, and birdwatchers have recorded many rarities. Common species include whooper swan, various ducks and geese including the greater white-fronted goose, as well as common redshank, common snipe, common quail, great skua, corn bunting and corncrake, the last of which is rare in Scotland. Many seabirds can be seen from Lamb Ness and Lamb Head. The Stronsay Bird Reserve is said to be one of the best sites in Europe to spot rare migrants such as the American Golden Plover, Arctic Redpoll, Scarlet Rosefinch and Tawny Pipit. Seals can also be spotted at many locations, including the Ayre of the Myers, a popular picnic spot near Whitehall, at the twin south-facing bays at Houseby and Sand of Crook or from the seal-hide near Holland Bay. The more unusual occasional visitors which have been recorded include:
See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 370-72 2. ^Orkney Placenames Orkneyjar. Retrieved 28. May 2012. 3. ^1 2 {{NRS1C}} 4. ^{{cite map|title=Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 5 Orkney (Northern Isles)|ISBN=9780319228111|publisher=Ordnance Survey|date=2008}} 5. ^Anderson, Joseph (Ed.) (1893) Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. James Thin and Mercat Press (1990 reprint). {{ISBN|0-901824-25-9}} 6. ^Pedersen, Roy (January 1992) Orkneyjar ok Katanes (map, Inverness, Nevis Print) 7. ^Ross, John (5 October 2007) "Orkney arrowheads find points to Scotland's earliest settlement". Edinburgh. The Scotsman. 8. ^{{cite encyclopedia | title = Stronsay Beast | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Cryptozoology: A Global Guide | author = Newton, Michael | pages = 442–443 | publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc. | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-7864-2036-7 }} 9. ^{{GRO10}} 10. ^"Stronsay" Visitorkney.com. Retrieved 25 August 2013. References
External links{{Commons category|Stronsay}}www.visitstronsay.com {{North East Orkney}}{{Orkney Islands}}{{Islands of Scotland}}{{coord|59|07|N|2|36|W|type:isle|display=title}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} 2 : Islands of the Orkney Islands|Natural arches of Scotland |
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