| 词条 | Phonotrope |
| 释义 |
The Phonotrope is the term coined by animation director Jim Le Fevre[1] to describe the technique of creating animation in a 'live' environment using the confluence of the frame rate of a live action camera and the revolutions of a constantly rotating disc, predominantly (but not exclusively) using a record player. It is a contemporary reworking of the zoetrope, one of several pre-film animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. The crucial difference between the technique that the Phonotrope uses and the one a zoetrope uses is that the Phonotrope is specifically an in-camera technique using the frame-rate of a live-action camera set to a high shutter speed in confluence with a constantly rotating disc to create the illusion of movement. In a zoetrope it is the vertical slits around the drum or the flashes of a stroboscope which create the 'interruptions' needed to create the illusion of movement. As such the Phonotrope can only be seen through either the camera's viewfinder, a connected monitor or projector or viewed as footage after the event. From its inception the most commonly used methods of rotating the disc have been using a record-player however Le Fevre has used a pottery wheel to spin a glazed pot to create animation[2] as well as using a bespoke motor to animate hundreds of cut-out card images on a two meter high wooden tiered structure for the title sequence for the BBC television comedy film Holy Flying Circus.[3] Public appearancesThe earliest public showing of the Phonotrope was in March 2007 at an evening at the Victoria and Albert Museum[4] where Jim Le Fevre presented the process to members of the public as part of a 'Friday Late' event. Footage from the event was posted on YouTube in 2008. In 2008 Le Fevre gave a talk at "Interesting 2008", a series of time-restricted lectures in Holborn, London, organised by Russell Davies [5][6][7] In 2009 Le Fevre gave a talk on the Phonotrope at the Flatpack Film Festival [8] and in 2010 Le Fevre performed an evening at the ICA with music DJ Malcolm Goldie for the ICA's Heavy Pencil night.[9] Since 2010 Le Fevre has performed workshops and talks on the Phonotrope nationally [10] and internationally.[11] NamingThe term Phonotrope was coined in 2010 by Jim Le Fevre having previously termed his version of the technique the Phonographanstasmascope as a nod to the convoluted names of other early forms of pre-film animation such as its ancestor the zoetrope, the praxinoscope and the zoopraxiscope and realised it was too cumbersome to use.[1] In advertising and broadcastIn 2007 Jim Le Fevre used the Phonotropic technique to create an onscreen ident for MTV called "MTV - Turntable"[12] and in 2010 he created a 2 meter tall Terry Gilliam inspired Phonontrope for the title sequence for the BBC television comedy film Holy Flying Circus.[13] In 2013 Le Fevre (with Rupert and Alice Johnstone from RAMP ceramics) created a Phonotropic film using a pottery wheel for the Crafts Council of England.[2] {{clear}}References1. ^1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20100529181131/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2010-05/27/the-phonotrope-a-zoetrope-on-a-phonograph Article on the Phonotrope Wired Magazine May 2010.] 2. ^1 [https://vimeo.com/82012299 "Experimental Animation Meets Pottery" film commissioned by the Crafts Council by Jim Le Fevre] 3. ^[https://vimeo.com/30833811 Footage of the "Holy Flying Circus" title sequence on Vimeo] 4. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=to99C-0cLGE "The Phonotrope (formerly the Phonographantasmascope)" by Jim Le Fevre on YouTube] 5. ^The rundown of speakers at Interesting 2008 on Russell Davies' site 6. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2008/jun/25/interesting.zoetrope Posting of Le Fevre's Interesting 2008 talk on the Guardian website] 7. ^[https://vimeo.com/202069356 Entire footage of Le Fevre's Interesting 2008 talk on Vimeo] 8. ^Posting of a review of the Flatpack 2009 talk on the Flatpack Festival site 9. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20100530052840/http://www.ica.org.uk/24595/Bar-Events/Heavy-Pencil-May-2010.html Web archive of Heavy Pencil night at the ICA] 10. ^National Saturday Club workshop on Phonotropes and Pottery with Rupert Johnstone from RAMP ceramics 11. ^Levis Film Workshop at the Art in the Streets exhibition in 2010 12. ^[https://vimeo.com/40142369 "MTV - Turntable" by Jim Le Fevre on Vimeo] 13. ^Interview with Jim Le Fevre, on the "Holy Flying Circus" title sequence, on BBC Comedy website External links{{Commons category|Phonotrope}}
2 : Animation technology|Animation |
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