词条 | Strum |
释义 |
In music, strumming is a way of playing a stringed instrument such as a guitar, ukulele, or mandolin. A strum or stroke is a sweeping action where a finger or plectrum brushes over several strings to generate sound.[2] On most stringed instruments, strums are typically executed by a musician's designated strum hand (typically the musician's dominant hand,[3] which is often responsible for generating the majority of sound on a stringed instrument), while the remaining hand (referred to as the fret hand[4][5] on most instruments with a fingerboard) often supports the strum hand by altering the tones and pitches of any given strum.[6] Strums are often contrasted with plucking, as a means of vibrating an instrument's strings. In plucking, a specific string or designated set of strings are individually targeted to vibrate, whereas in strumming, a less precise targeting is usually used. Compared to other plucking techniques, any group of strings brushed in a single sweep by a plectrum could be considered a strum due to the plectrum's less precise string group targeting (however, a plectrum might simultaneously pluck a small group of strings without being considered a strum). In contrast, a musician could utilize a technique with more precise string group targeting (such as a fingerstyle or fingerpick technique) to pluck all the strings on a stringed instrument at once and this would still be considered a pluck, not a strum. Notation{{multiple image| width = 300 | align = left | direction = vertical | header = There are a variety of methods for writing strum notation. | image1 = Strumming arrow notation.png | caption1 = Arrow notation | image2 = Strumming du notation.png | caption2 = Letter notation | image3 = Strumming classic notation.png | caption3 = Traditional notation }}{{clear}} Strumming patternsA strumming pattern or strum is a preset pattern used by a rhythm guitar. For example, a pattern in common time or {{music|time|4|4}} consisting of alternating down and up eighth note strokes may be written: 1&2&3&4& dudududu Rock and popThe pattern most typical of rock and related styles is: 1&2&3&4& d du udu The final upstroke is sometime omitted. This pattern is often called "Old Faithful",[7] or when played on ukulele, the "Island Strum". Examples of other strumming patterns include:[8]
Jazz and funkThe simple four-to-a-bar rhythm is associated with jazz guitarists such as Freddie Green, although they may subtly vary the rhythm of a chord on some beats to add interest. A simple eight-to-a-bar (8 eighth notes) rhythm is known as "straight eights" as opposed "swung eights", in which each pair are played in a rhythm that resembles the first and third notes in a triplet. The fretting hand can also mute the strings on the fretboard to damp a chord, creating staccato and percussive effects. In reggae and ska, a few staccato "chops" are played per bar. In funk rhythm playing, the strumming hand keeps a fairly steady motion in 16th notes, while the left hand, basically holding down a jazz chord damps some of them in a syncopated pattern. Fingerstyle strumming strokesSome of the many possible fingerstyle strums include
See also
References1. ^Snyder, Jerry (1999). Jerry Snyder's Guitar School, p.28. {{ISBN|0-7390-0260-0}}. {{Guitar picking}}{{Guitar techniques}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/strumming|title=Definition of STRUMMING|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-22}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://hubguitar.com/articles/left-or-right-handed-guitar|title=Should You Play Left-Handed or Right-Handed? {{!}} Hub Guitar|website=hubguitar.com|access-date=2018-06-22}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.guitarplayer.com/technique/fret-hand-fitness-four-wicked-workouts-to-develop-your-digits|title=Fret-Hand Fitness: Four Wicked Workouts to Develop Your Digits|work=GuitarPlayer.com|access-date=2018-06-22|language=en-us}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://fretello.app/good-fret-hand-technique/|title=Guitar fret hand technique tricks for every player • Fretello Learn Guitar|website=fretello.app|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-22}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.playableguitar.com/left-handed.html|title=Right-handed and Left-handed Vs Right and Left Hand Guitars|access-date=2018-06-22}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Sandercoe|first1=Justin|title=Justinguitar.Com: Rock Songbook|date=2013|publisher=Music Sales Ltd|location=London|isbn=1780386877|page=69}} 8. ^{{cite book | last = Dix | first = Bruce | year = 2011 | title = You Can Teach Yourself Country Guitar | isbn = 9781610654869 | pages = 19–26}} 2 : Accompaniment|Guitar performance techniques |
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