| 词条 | STS-7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = STS-7 | image =STS007-32-1702.jpg | image_caption = Challenger as photographed by the SPAS-1 satellite on June 22, 1983 | insignia = STS-7 patch.svg | spacecraft = {{OV|099}} | mission_type = Satellite deployment {{nowrap|Microgravity research}} | operator = NASA | COSPAR_ID = 1983-059A | SATCAT = 14132 | mission_duration = 6 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes, 59 seconds | orbits_completed = 97 | distance_travelled = {{convert|4072553|km}} | crew_photo = Sts-7-crew.jpg | crew_photo_caption = L-R: Ride, Fabian, Crippen, Thagard, Hauck | crew_size = 5 | crew_members = Robert L. Crippen Frederick H. Hauck John M. Fabian Sally K. Ride Norman E. Thagard | launch_site = Kennedy LC-39A | launch_date = {{start-date|June 18, 1983, 11:33:00|timezone=yes}} UTC | landing_date = {{end-date|June 24, 1983, 13:56:59|timezone=yes}} UTC | landing_site = Edwards Runway 15 | apsis = gee | orbit_epoch = | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Low Earth | launch_mass = {{convert|113025|kg}} | landing_mass = {{convert|92550|kg}} | payload_mass = {{convert|16839|kg}} | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|299|km}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|307|km}} | orbit_inclination = 28.3 degrees | orbit_period = 90.6 min | programme = Space Shuttle program | previous_mission = STS-6 | next_mission = STS-8 }} STS-7 was NASA's seventh Space Shuttle mission, and the second mission for the Space Shuttle Challenger. During the mission, Challenger deployed several satellites into orbit. The shuttle launched from Kennedy Space Center on June 18, 1983, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base on June 24. STS-7 was notable for carrying Sally Ride, America's first female astronaut. Crew{{Spaceflight crew|terminology = Astronaut |position1 = Commander |crew1_up = Robert L. Crippen |flights1_up = Second |position2 = Pilot |crew2_up = Frederick H. Hauck |flights2_up = First |position3 = Mission Specialist 1 |crew3_up = John M. Fabian |flights3_up = First |position4 = Mission Specialist 2 |crew4_up = Sally K. Ride |flights4_up = First |position5 = Mission Specialist 3 |crew5_up = Norman E. Thagard |flights5_up = First }} Support crew
Crew seat assignments
Mission summarySTS-7 began on June 18, 1983, with an on-time liftoff at 7:33 am EDT. It was the first spaceflight of an American woman (Sally K. Ride), the largest crew to fly in a single spacecraft up to that time (five people), and the first flight that included members of NASA's Group 8 astronaut class, which had been selected in 1978 to fly the Space Shuttle. President Ronald Reagan also sent his personal favourite Jelly Belly jelly beans with the astronauts, making them the first jelly beans in space. The crew of STS-7 included Robert L. Crippen, commander, making his second Shuttle flight; Frederick H. Hauck, pilot; and Ride, John M. Fabian and Norman Thagard, all mission specialists. Thagard conducted medical tests concerning Space Adaptation Syndrome, a bout of nausea frequently experienced by astronauts during the early phase of a space flight. Two communications satellites – Anik C2 for Telesat of Canada, and Palapa B1 for Indonesia – were successfully deployed during the first two days of the mission. The mission also carried the first Shuttle Pallet Satellite, SPAS-1, which was built by the West German aerospace firm Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm. SPAS-1 was unique in that it was designed to operate in the payload bay or be deployed by the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) as a free-flying satellite. It carried 10 experiments to study formation of metal alloys in microgravity, the operation of heat pipes, instruments for remote sensing observations, and a mass spectrometer to identify various gases in the payload bay. It was deployed by the RMS and flew alongside and over Challenger for several hours, performing various maneuvers, while a U.S.-supplied camera mounted on SPAS-1 took pictures of the orbiter. The RMS later grappled the pallet and returned it to the payload bay. STS-7 also carried seven GAS canisters, which contained a wide variety of experiments, as well as the OSTA-2 payload, a joint U.S.-West German scientific pallet payload. Finally, the orbiter's Ku-band antenna was able to relay data through the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite to a ground terminal for the first time. STS-7 was scheduled to make the first Shuttle landing at Kennedy Space Center's then-new Shuttle Landing Facility. However, unacceptable weather forced a change to Runway 15 at Edwards AFB. The landing took place on June 24, 1983, at 6:57 am PDT. The mission lasted 6 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes, and 59 seconds, and covered about 2.2 million miles during 97 orbits of the Earth. Challenger was returned to KSC on June 29. IncidentsSTS-7 experienced the first known External Tank bipod ramp foam shedding event during launch. This was the root cause of the eventual loss of Columbia during STS-107 almost two decades later. While Challenger was on-orbit, one of its windows was damaged non-critically by space debris.[2] {{clear}}Mission insigniaThe seven white stars in the black field of the mission patch, as well as the arm extending from the shuttle in the shape of a 7, indicate the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence. The five-armed symbol on the right side illustrates the four male/one female crew. GalleryWake-up callsNASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.[3]
See also{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
References{{more footnotes|date=May 2008}}{{Include-NASA}}1. ^{{cite web|title=STS-7|url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-7.htm|publisher=Spacefacts|accessdate=February 26, 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/photogallery/photogallery.html |title=Orbital Debris Photo Gallery |publisher=NASA |accessdate=August 12, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527094913/http://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/photogallery/photogallery.html |archivedate=May 27, 2010 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite news | first = Colin | last = Fries | title = Chronology of Wakeup Calls | date = June 25, 2007 | publisher=NASA | url = https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate =August 13, 2007}} External links
7 : Space Shuttle missions|Edwards Air Force Base|1983 in Florida|1983 in California|Spacecraft launched in 1983|Spacecraft which reentered in 1983|June 1983 events |
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