| 词条 | St Sepulchre-without-Newgate | |
| 释义 |
| name = St Sepulchre-without-Newgate | fullname = Church of the Holy Sepulchre | other name = | image = StSepulchresChurch.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Photo of St. Sepulchre-without-Newgate | pushpin map = | pushpin label position = | latd = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | longd = | longm = | longs = | longEW = | location = Holborn Viaduct London EC1A 2DQ | country = United Kingdom | denomination = Church of England | previous denomination = Roman Catholic | churchmanship = Low Church Evangelical | founder = | founded date = 12th century | dedication = Edmund the Martyr | consecrated date = | status = Parish church | functional status = Active | heritage designation = Grade I listed building | designated date = | architect = | architectural type = | style = Gothic (tower)[1] | years built = 15th century (rebuilt) | groundbreaking = | completed date = 1670 (reopened)[2] | length = | width = | width nave = | height = | other dimensions = | tower quantity = 1 | tower height = | materials = | bells = 12 | bells hung = | parish = | deanery = | archdeanery = | diocese = London | province = Canterbury | priestincharge = David Ingall }}St Sepulchre-without-Newgate, also known as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Holborn), is an Anglican church in the City of London. It is located on Holborn Viaduct, almost opposite the Old Bailey. In medieval times it stood just outside ("without") the now-demolished old city wall, near the Newgate. It has been a living of St John's College, Oxford, since 1622 and is part of the area designated the "Newgate Street Conservation Area" (No.6) by the City of London Corporation.[1] HistoryThe original Saxon church on the site was dedicated to St Edmund the King and Martyr. In 1137 it was given to the Priory of St Bartholomew. During the Crusades in the 12th century the church was renamed St Edmund and the Holy Sepulchre, in reference to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, by soldiers who passed by the church on the way to the Holy Lands.[2] The name eventually became contracted to St Sepulchre. The church is today the largest parish church in the City. It was completely rebuilt in the 15th century[3] but was gutted by the Great Fire of London in 1666,[4] which left only the outer walls, the tower and the porch standing[5] -. Modified in the 18th century, the church underwent extensive restoration in 1878. It narrowly avoided destruction in the Second World War, although the 18th-century watch-house in its churchyard (erected to deter grave-robbers) was completely destroyed and had to be rebuilt. The interior of the church is a wide, roomy space with a coffered ceiling[6] installed in 1834. The Vicars' old residence has recently been renovated into a modern living quarter. During the reign of Mary I in 1555, St Sepulchre's vicar, John Rogers, was burned as a heretic. The bellSt Sepulchre is named in the nursery rhyme Oranges and Lemons as the "bells of Old Bailey".[7] In 1605, London merchant tailor Mr. John Dowe paid the parish ₤50 to buy a handbell on the condition that it would be rung to mark the execution of a prisoner at the nearby gallows at Newgate.[8] This handbell, known as the Execution Bell, now resides in a glass case to the south of the nave. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, the clerk of St Sepulchre's was responsible for ringing a handbell outside the condemned man's cell in Newgate Prison the night before his execution and announcing the news by repeating the following "wholesome advice":[8][1] {{quotation|"All you that in the condemned hold do lie, Prepare you, for to-morrow you shall die; Watch all, and pray, the hour is drawing near That you before the Almighty must appear; Examine well yourselves, in time repent, That you may not to eternal flames be sent. And when St. Sepulchre's bell to-morrow tolls, The Lord above have mercy on your souls. Past twelve o'clock!" }} Given its proximity to both Newgate Prison and the Old Bailey, the bells in its tower, in addition to the usual functions of marking time, were rung to announce executions. On the day of the execution, the bells were tolled as the condemned were led to Tyburn.[9][10] Musicians' ChapelIn the north aisle of the church is the Musicians' Chapel. This Chapel (formerly a chapel dedicated to Stephen Harding) was dedicated The Musicians' Chapel by Dr W.R. Matthews, Dean of St Paul's, on 2 January 1955 in the presence of many distinguished musicians including an orchestra conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent and the BBC Singers. The ashes of the conductor Sir Henry Wood, C.H., founder of the Promenade Concerts, who learnt to play the organ at the church as a boy, had been interred in the Chapel a decade earlier. There are four windows commemorating Sir Henry Wood, John Ireland, the singer Dame Nellie Melba, Walter Carroll respectively.[11] The Chapel contains the Musicians' Book of Remembrance and both the Chapel and the Book of Remembrance are maintained by the Friends of the Musicians' Chapel. A Service of Thanksgiving for those named in the Book of Remembrance is held at the church each year as well as a Requiem close to All Souls' Day. Many concerts and memorial events for musicians have been held in the church over the years. In 2017 the Rector caused a storm in the media by ending the hiring scheme and excluding many choirs from singing and rehearsing in the church. A protest was held about this and many prominent musicians including John Rutter protested against the church decision. Attempts to mediate failed. Military linkThe south aisle of the church holds the regimental chapel of the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) (merged to form the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers), and its gardens are a memorial garden to that regiment.[12] The west end of the north aisle has various memorials connected with the City of London Rifles (the 6th Battalion London Regiment). The church was designated a Grade I listed building on 4 January 1950.[13] Notable people associated with the church
OrganThe north aisle is dominated by a splendid organ built by Renatus Harris in 1670.[15] The swell was added by John Byfield in c.1730. The organ was enlarged in 1817 by James Hancock and by John Gray in 1828 and 1835, and Gray and Davison in 1849, 1852 and 1855. It was rebuilt in 1932 by Harrison and Harrison. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. It is not currently playable, and a Makin digital organ is used when required for services. Organists
See also{{Portal|Anglicanism|London}}
References1. ^{{citeweb|title=Newgate Street Conservation Area [No. 6]|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/planning/heritage-and-design/conservation-areas/Pages/Newgate-Street-Conservation-Area.aspx|publisher=City of London Corporation}} 2. ^1 {{citeweb|title=NEWGATE: Conservation Area Character Summary|url=https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/planning/heritage-and-design/conservation-areas/Documents/Newgate%20Street%20Character%20Summary.pdf|publisher=Corporation of London|date=1999}} 3. ^"The City Churches" Tabor, M. p127:London; The Swarthmore Press Ltd; 1917 4. ^{{cite book|title=Samuel Pepys - The Shorter Pepys|editor-last=Latham|editor-first=Robert|page=484|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books|date=1985|isbn=0-14-009418-0}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=The Old Churches of London|last=Cobb|first=G|location=London|publisher=Batsford|date=1942}} 6. ^"London:the City Churches" Pevsner, N / Bradley, S New Haven, Yale, 1998 {{ISBN|0-300-09655-0}} 7. ^{{citeweb|title=Our Community — Bells|url=http://stsepulchres.org/our-community/bells/ |publisher=stsepulchres.org}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|title=St. Sepulchre's and its neighbourhood|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol2/pp477-491|series=Old and New London, Volume 2|publisher=Cassell, Petter & Galpin (courtesy of British History Online)|date=1878|pages=447–491}} 9. ^1 2 {{citebook|title=The Companion Guide to London|first1=David|last1=Piper|first2=Fionnuala|last2=Jervis|page=350}} 10. ^{{citenews|title=London's secret sights: 14 odd attractions you never knew were there|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/11230633/Londons-secret-sights-14-odd-attractions-you-never-knew-were-there.html?frame=3106622|work=The Daily Telegraph}} 11. ^"The London Encyclopaedia" Hibbert,C;Weinreb,D;Keay,J: London, Pan Macmillan, 1983 (rev 1993,2008) {{ISBN|978-1-4050-4924-5}} 12. ^"The Visitors Guide to the City of London Churches" Tucker,T: London, Friends of the City Churches, 2006 {{ISBN|0-9553945-0-3}} 13. ^{{IoE|199516|accessdate= 23 January 2009}} 14. ^{{cite web |work=St. Sepulchre-without-Newgate|title=The John Smith Window|url=http://web.me.com/a.earis/stsepulchre.htm |accessdate =22 December 2010}} 15. ^Pearce,C.W. "Notes on Old City Churches: their organs, organists and musical associations" London, Winthrop Rogers Ltd 1909 External links
5 : Church of England church buildings in the City of London|Grade I listed churches in London|Diocese of London|Grade I listed buildings in the City of London|Holy Trinity Brompton plants |
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