词条 | Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR |
释义 |
|name=Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR |image=Летчик-космонавт СССР.jpg |image_size=200px |caption= Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR (obverse) |awarded_by={{USSR}} |type= Honorary title |eligibility=Soviet citizens |for= Space flight |campaign= |status=No longer awarded |description= |clasps= |established=16 April 1961 |first_award= |last_award= |total=72 |posthumous= |recipients= |individual= |higher= |same= |lower= |related=Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation |image2= |caption2= }} The honorary title Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR ({{lang-ru|Летчик-космонавт СССР}}) was a state award of the Soviet Union presented to all cosmonauts who flew for the Soviet Space Agency. Usually accompanying the distinction was the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the highest title that could be awarded to a Soviet citizen for performing heroic deeds while in service of the state. History of the titleThe title was established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on 14 April 1961.[1] It was awarded until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 where it was retained by the Law of the Russian Federation 2555-1 dated 20 March 1992[2] with a few slight amendments and renamed Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation. Award statuteThe title was assigned by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet for the outstanding feat of space flight. The insignia of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR is worn on the right side of the chest above orders and decorations.[1] If worn with honorary titles of the Russian Federation, the latter have precedence.[3] Award descriptionThe title is a 25mm wide by 23.8mm high convex pentagon with a gilt silver rim. In the center is an image of the terrestrial globe with the territory of the Soviet Union enamelled in red. A gold star denotes Moscow as the point of origin of a gilt orbital path going around the globe once to reach a silver satellite at the upper left of the globe. A second orbital path, this time enamelled in red, starts at the bottom center of the globe going up in an arc narrowing along the way to reach a gilt spacecraft above the globe. Along the upper left edge of the pentagon above the globe, the gilt relief inscription "PILOT" ({{lang-ru|ЛЕТЧИК}}), along the upper right edge of the pentagon above the globe, the gilt relief inscription "COSMONAUT" ({{lang-ru|КОСМОНАВТ}}), along the bottom edge of the pentagon under the globe, the gilt inscription "USSR" ({{lang-ru|СССР}}), along the left and right lower edges of the pentagon, prominent gilt laurel branches. The reverse of the insignia is plain except for the award serial number.[1] The insignia is secured to a standard Russian square mount by a ring through the suspension loop. The award is secured to clothing with a threaded stud and nut behind the mount. The mount is covered by a silk moiré red ribbon.[1] List of Pilot-Cosmonauts of the USSRThe individuals listed below have all received the honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR".[4]
See also{{Portal|Soviet Union|Spaceflight}}
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 14 April 1961 | publisher = Legal Library of the USSR | date= 1961-04-14 | url = http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_5677.htm | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-02-21 }} 2. ^{{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Law of the Russian Federation of 20 March 1992 No 2555-1 | publisher = Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards | date = 1999-12-15 | url = http://award.adm.gov.ru/doc/z2555.htm | language = Russian | accessdate = 2012-02-21 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090107065206/http://award.adm.gov.ru/doc/z2555.htm | archivedate = 7 January 2009 | df = }} 3. ^{{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 7 September 2010 No 1099 | publisher = Russian Gazette | date = 2010-09-07 | url = http://www.rg.ru/2010/09/15/nagrady-dok.html | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-02-21}} 4. ^ru:Шаблон:Лётчики-космонавты СССР{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=August 2015}} 5. ^http://enc-dic.com/enc_tech/Letchik-kosmonavt-sssr-1754.html External links
3 : Soviet honorary titles|Awards established in 1961|Soviet cosmonauts |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。